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Results for “LABYRINTH DISEASES”

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PubMed1981

[Subclinical vestibular abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (author's transl)].

The material of this study comprised 70 patients who suffered from Parkinson's disease and 77 healthy individuals, who were examined by the same methods, for an accurate comparative evaluation of the results. Following the clinical examination, and E.N. Graphic examination was done an subsequently the pendular rotation test was performed. In order to obtain a better statistical evaluation, the material was studied successively according to the age of the patients, the existence of arteriosclerotic lesions in the fundi, the type and duration of the disease, the unilateral of bilateral manifestations and the use of drugs. While the E.N. Graphic examination revealed spontaneous nystagmus in 20 p. 100 of the cases, the pendular rotation test revealed clear cut abnormalities mainly of the central type in 75 p. 100 of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Labyrinthine and extralabyrinthine mechanisms of the development of motion sickness in weightlessness].

This paper describes an important problem of aerospace medicine, i. e. space motion sickness. The review surveys relevant Soviet and foreign publications. On their basis, including their own data, the authors discuss possible mechanisms of the sickness symptom-complex in the weightless state. The authors put forth their own ideas concerning current hypotheses of space motion sickness and discuss potential applicability of the theoretical concepts with respect to the prevention of this adverse symptom-complex. The authors describe selected outlines in the study of mechanisms of space motion sickness and in the development of specific countermeasures.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrabeat relationship of postrotatory nystagmus in patients with neurological disorders.

The intrabeat relationships between velocity, amplitude and duration of the slow phase of nystagmus as well as between amplitudes of slow vs. fast phase of nystagmus were analysed during a postrotatory nystagmus response by using linear regression analysis. Three groups of patients were studied, each consisting of 10 subjects with lesions either in the peripheral vestibular system, in the frontal lobe, or in the brain stem. Irrespective of the site of the lesion, all groups exhibited the same response pattern: a reduction in amplitude control of the end-point of nystagmus and an increase in durational control. The most prominent changes were observed in patients with brain-stem lesion in whom the durational control of the slow phase of nystagmus was constant, with a mean slow phase duration of 150 to 250 ms in the case of 3 to 4 fast phases per second. No alterations were observed in the relationship between amplitude of slow vis-à-vis fast phase. The results indicate that analysis of intrabeat relationship may provide additional data on the side of the disorder affecting the vestibular system.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Review: morphological changes associated with endolymphatic hydrops.

Endolymphatic hydrops of the inner ear is identified as a swelling of the endolymphatic spaces. This morphopathology in man can only be confirmed at post-mortem examination although it is believed to underlie the auditory dysfunction and vestibular disturbances associated with Menière's disease. This is an illusive inner ear disorder characterized typically by the fluctuant hearing loss, tinnitus and episodes of vertigo. Menière's disease remains a major problem in otorhinolaryngology since the cause of the disease is not known and various treatments are recommended, often with unsatisfactory results. Experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops in the animal model has been developed in order to understand better the consequences of this morphopathology on inner ear structure and function. Further investigations on the model might, in the future, lead to a more efficient management of the disorder.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Lateropulsion and upbeat nystagmus are manifestations of central vestibular dysfunction.

An elderly man presented with acute onset of gait instability, characterized by leaning to the left while walking, vertigo, diplopia, and transient facial numbness. The examination was remarkable for ocular lateropulsion and primary position upbeat nystagmus. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a right-hemispheric cerebellar infarction. This report illustrates that lateropulsion can occur in cerebellar lesions, but that it may be contralateral to the cerebellar hemisphere involved. Primary position upbeat nystagmus and lateropulsion may represent forms of central vestibular dysfunction due to interruption of vestibulo-ocular pathways.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Influence of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain on human optokinetic responses.

In 15 patients with severe bilateral vestibular impairment (mean vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain less than 0.05), constant velocity optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) gain, optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) initial velocity, and OKAN duration were significantly (p less than 0.0025) lower than in 20 normal subjects of similar age. In the normal subjects VOR gain was significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with OKAN initial velocity but not with OKAN duration or OKN gain. The results of this study provide additional evidence for the existence in human subjects of an optokinetic pathway whose function, like that of the subcortical optokinetic pathway in animals, varies with VOR gain.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Observations on the Tullio phenomenon.

Vestibular responses (vertigo, nystagmus-like eye movements) to acoustic stimuli are known as the "Tullio phenomenon". Detailed electro-oculographic analysis of this reaction, as observed in a 30-year-old patient, revealed the following: a maximum amplitude of eye movement (mainly vertical) was achieved by sine wave bursts of high intensity, a frequency of 500 to 1000 Hz and a duration of 100 ms. The ocular deviation was composed of a fast initial component, followed by a slower resetting movement that was often divided into two parts of different velocities. At longer stimulus durations (more than 100 ms) the electro-oculogram showed a fractionation of the eye deviation, terminating in an "off-response". Various positions of the patient's head influenced the direction of the eye motion. The possibility that the Tullio phenomenon may be due to an abnormal excitation of the statolith organs is discussed.

Acoustic Maculae↗
PubMed1983

Model interpretation of visual-vestibular interaction in patients with labyrinthine and cerebellar pathologies.

Oculomotor responses to combined optokinetic and vestibular stimulations in labyrinthine and cerebellar defective patients are discussed in terms of parametric changes in a model describing the interaction between the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the optokinetic reflex (OKR). By making a few reasonable hypotheses about model parameter variations in relation to the type of pathology, the experimental results obtained by several authors can correctly be predicted and explained by the model. The model can therefore be used to define a set of parameters giving an estimate of the state of the system subserving VOR-OKR interaction in the examined patients. The model is also shown to be a powerful tool to assess the validity and the diagnostic significance of the procedures used to test VOR-OKR interaction.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1979

[Function returning without and with recovery nystagmus after sudden unilateral isolated vestibular loss (author's transl)].

The restoration of peripher labyrinthine excitability after sudden unilateral isolated vestibular loss shows a different behaviour: It can happen with or without recovery nystagmus with a numerical nearly equal frequency. In a follow-up of 44 patients with unilateral vestibular loss of vascular genetics the objective and subjective characteristics of both states are described. In explanation of it a lesion of variable etiology in the region of the vestibular artery and a supposition of a not yet or already occured compensation of the disturbed tonus balance in the nuclear area are not sufficient. Rather the origin of the different clinical states of recovery phenomenon must be presumed in all probability as the result of a primary and secondary retrograde degeneration of the vestibular neurons. Thereby the distance of the lesion from the Scarpa ganglion is presumably of decisive importance.

Electronystagmography↗
PubMed1975

[The significance of platelet adhesiveness and aggregation and free fatty acids by functional disorders of the internal ear (author's transl)].

The significance of platelet adhesiveness and aggregation in the early phase of thrombosis as well as in the development of degenerative vascular wall processes has today become an established fact. In this connection the plasmalipids are of special interest, of which the free fatty acids (FFA) represent a sensitive indicator both for the adrenergic reactivity of the organism and the process of stress-conditioned circulatory reactions. In the present study 65 clinical cases with functional disorders of the internal ear were examined regarding to the platelet adhesiveness and FFA, differtiating only between sudden loss of hearing (n=28) and functional disorders of different symptomatology (n=37). Our preliminary statistics showed in 64% of the patients with a sudden loss of hearing mainly an average, and in 84% of the 37 examined functional disorders of different symptomatology a slight to a high increase in the adhesiveness. The FFA-concentrations increased in approximately 90% of the 23 examined cases with functional disorders of the internal ear. It is remarkable, that the measured adhesiveness and serum-FFA-concentrations are comparable to the high values obtained from atheromatous vascular processes, venous thrombosis, cardial and cerebral infarctions, intermittent cerebrovascular insufficiency as well as from transient impaired vision caused by microembolism. Even if the high percentage in the FFA-increase, under strictest observance of the patient's resting position at the time of the blood withdrawal, is presumably much below the measured value, it still indicates an increased tonus of the sympathetic nervous system in the majority of the examined patients. The clinical satisfactory results obtained after timely applications of numerous agents inhibiting aggregation and adhesiveness, as well as reducing the lipids, also indicate a process of stress-conditioned circulatory reactions and the existence of atheromatous respectively thrombo-embolic vascular processes in a number of acute or intermittent functional disorders of the internal ear.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Autoimmune inner ear disease.

The known etiologies of acquired sensorineural hearing loss include acoustic trauma, physical trauma, ototoxicity, genetic predisposition, infections, Meniere's disease, aging, and autoimmune disease. Treatments are directed at eliminating or managing the underlying disease process and aiding hearing with amplification. Rarely is it possible to improve unaided hearing after sensorineural loss except when the severe to profound level of loss is reached and cochlear implantation becomes an option. Autoimmune inner ear disease, however, is a treatable cause of sensorineural hearing loss and it is important for physicians and hearing health professionals to recognize that proper early diagnosis and management strategies may result in stabilization and possibly improvement in hearing.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗