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PubMed1976

Clonorchis Sinensis In Kyungpook Province, Korea: 3. Changing Pattern Of Clonorchis Sinensis Infection Among Inhabitants.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of health education and anti-Clonorchis campaign conducted in Kyungpook Province and to compare the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis among the residents in the same areas for the period 1964-1976. Both surveys were made on all age groups of residents ranging from 0 to over 60 years of age. They were examined using primarily intradermal tests with Clonorchis and Paragonimus antigens and followed by stool examinations. The definitive diagnosis of clonorchiasis was made on the recovery of Clonorchis eggs from the stools. A marked reduction in the prevalence was encountered in the youngest age group, but there is no significant difference in the older age groups. The overall prevalence rate for clonorchiasis was reduced from 27.7 to 19.6 per cent in a period of 10 years. It is found that clonorchiasis is less prevalent in Kyungpook Province than it was a decade ago and it continued to decline.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Endemic foci of Paragonimus westermani in Chilgok, Kyungpook Province, Korea.

By performing the county-wide surveys of Paragonimus westermani infection in several areas in the Chilgok county, Kyungpook Province, three endemic foci of Paragonimus westermani were found. The foci found in this survey were Haksan first dong, Haksan second dong, and Settom in Kumhwa village, all in Kasan myun, Chilgok county. In the three communities, the positive rates for the fluke among the residents by the intradermal test with Paragonimus antigen varied from 22.3 per cent to 25.0 per cent; school children from these areas showed infection rates above 50 per cent. The rate in males and females was 23.9 and 23.0 per cent, respectively. This difference was not significant. The presence and number of Semisulcospira snails and Astacus crayfish, the intermediate hosts of Paragonimus westermani in the stream communities and the high infection rates for the fluke in the residents were the supporting factors in determining the foci.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiological survey of Paragonimus westermani in Ulchin County, Kyungpook Province, Korea.

In order to determine the epidemiological pattern of the Paragonimus westermani, the infestation rates of the cercarial and metacercarial larvae of digenetic trematodes in the snail and crayfish host, and the prevalence of Paragonimus westermani among the residents in the vicinity of the stream Namdae, Wyangpi, and Kwang, in the Ulchin county, Kyungpook province were studied from March to October in 1984. The population density of the snails per square meter of the habitats ranged form 5 to 25, with average of 15. Among the seven habitats, one, Ducheon, had snails infested with the cercariae of Paragonimus westermani, and the proportion of infested snails was very low, the average being 0.152 per thousand. Of six hundred and four crayfish examined, 113 or 18.7 per cent harboured the encysted larvae of Paragonimus westermani. A high infestation rate for the metacercariae in the crayfish was found in two habitats; 39.0 per cent in the Ducheon and 21.6 per cent in the Sokwang. The prevalence of Paragonimus westermani among the residents in Ulchin county was relatively high, 25.8 per cent by the Paragonimus intradermal tests and the difference in the rate of infection between males and females was found to be significant(t>2). The results obtained in this study indicate that endemic foci of Paragonimus westermani exist in Ulchin county and the prevalence of this lung fluke among the residents is relatviely high.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

[Application of micro-ELISA in serodiagnosis of fascioliasis in cattle]

Fascioliasis in cattle is one of the most common and very serious trematode diseases in Korea. In the present study, the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied in the diagnosis of fascioliasis using antigen of Fasciola hepatica, peroxidase of conjugate anti-cattle IgG and orthophenylenediamine as a substrate by micro-method technique of Voller et al. (1976b) and MacLaren (1978) with a slight modification. Results obtained from the present study are as follows: In assay for optimal dilution of stock antigen, the antigen (protein contents; 0.8 mg/ml) was diluted from 1/50 to 1/600 with carbonate buffer (pH 9.6), and then absorbance values were measured with 1/100 diluted sera. The regression equations between the OD values of ELISA and dilution of antigen were log Y=-0.181-0.00127X in infected sera, and log Y= -0.578- 0.000879X in normal sera. The significantly higher (p<0.05) OD value was observed in the former. In assay for optimal dilution of sera, the sera were diluted from 1/25 to 1/400 with in PBS/ Tween 20(pH 7.4), and absorbance values were measured with 1/200 diluted antigen. The regression equation between the OD values of ELISA and dilution of sera were log Y=-0.1540-0.0007238X in infected sera and log Y=-0.4834-0.00116X in normal sera. The former was higher than the latter (p<0.05). In the 27 cases of negative intradermal test, OD values of the ELISA are 0.447 +/- 0.144, the 95 percent confidence interval (Mean + 2 x SD) of the values was 0.735, and there was no case over the values. Therefore, the sensitivity of the antigen to diagnose fascioliasis was 100 percent in the negative case. The OD value 0.7 which is designed as a criterion (detection level of positive one) is useful for the performance of the ELISA in fascioliasis. According to the OD value of criterion in the regression equations, the optimal dilutions of stock antigen and serum were 1/250 and 1/100, respectively. In the 58 cases of fascioliasis from which the adult could be found in the bile ducts, the OD value was 0.846 +/- 0.224). The 75 percent (44 cattle) among them had higher value with compared to the criterion, and the 60 percent (20 cattle) of the cases of proliferative cholangitis of 33 cattle which had been infected previousely with Fasciola sp. is higher than the criterion. Prevalence of fascioliasis was 43.4 percent in the application of the ELISA to 272 cattle which were reared in Jeonbug district.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea.

The lung fluke, Paragonimus, and lung fluke disease, were reviewed, especially on the works performed in Korea. Among 43 species of Paragonimus recorded in the world literature, P. westermani, P. pulmonalis, and P. iloktsuenensis are known to distribute in Korea. Biological studies on P. westermani have revealed that its snail intermediate host is Semisulcospira spp. and major second intermediate hosts are crabs such as Eriocheir japonicus and E. sinensis or crayfish such as Cambaroides similis and C. dauricus. The final hosts other than man are dogs, cats, pigs, and wild animals. Paragonimiasis has been known to distribute widely over the south Korea, however, the prevalence among people and intermediate hosts is gradually decreasing in recent years. In Korean people, the lung fluke have caused pulmonary infections in a great many of cases but as well extrapulmonary ones including cerebral, spinal, subcutaneous, hepatic, splenic, abdominal, urinary, gynecologic, and other types. The definite diagnosis of paragonimiasis can be executed by the recovery of eggs from sputum or feces of patients, however, immunological methods such as intradermal test, complement-fixation test, precipitin reactions, immunofluorescent techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are greatly helpful for egg-negative or extrapulmonary cases. Various drugs have been introduced for the treatment of paragonimiasis, and among them, bithionol, niclofolan and praziquantel have shown high therapeutic efficacy. The most recommendable one is considered praziquantel. For control of this disease, mass chemotherapy of patients seems to be the most efficient and feasible measure.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A case of chronic cerebral paragonimiasis westermani.

We report a chronic cerebral paragonimiasis from a 41-year-old Korean man who complains a headache and weakness of left motor neuron components. Magnetic resonance images of the brain revealed conglomerates of multiple ring-like enhancements in temporo-occipital and frontal lobes of the right hemisphere. An intradermal test for paragonimiasis westermani was positive. The patient was born near an endemic area of paragonimiasis and used to eat boiled or grilled freshwater crayfish in his childhood. Nodules in the brain were resected through craniotomies. The eggs of P. westermani were identified pathologically and parasitologically in the calcified necrotic lesions. Examinations on sputum and fecal specimens for the eggs of P. westermani were shown to be negative and a chest radiograph was normal. It is presumed that the brain lesions were formed by P. westermani approximately 30 years ago.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) immunoassay as an in vitro alternative assay for identity and confirmation of potency.

Tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) currently can only be standardised by delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions in sensitised guinea pigs. An in vitro dot blot immunoassay was developed for both identity and confirmation of potency estimation of PPD. Polyclonal antibodies (mainly IgG) were generated and immunoreacted with human, bovine and, to lesser extent, avian PPD preparations. Combining size exclusion chromatography (FPLC-SEC) and dot blot immunoassay, the results showed that PPD preparations were mixtures of very heterogeneous tuberculoproteins ranging in size from very large aggregates to very small degraded molecules. All individual fractions of PPD separated by size were immunoreactive, although those of the largest molecular sizes appeared the most immunoreactive in this in vitro dot blot immunoassay. This method is very sensitive and specific to tuberculoproteins and can be an in vitro alternative for the in vivo intradermal skin assay which uses guinea pigs for identity of PPD preparations. Although the capacity of PPD to elicit cell-mediated immune responses on intradermal testing has to be confirmed by in vivo assay, the dot blot immunoassay offers a rapid, sensitive and animal-free alternative to in vivo testing for confirming the identity of PPD preparations with appropriate potencies. This alternative assay would be particularly useful for national regulatory laboratories for confirming the data of manufacturers and thus reducing the use of animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A field study of paragonimiasis in Venezuela.

In a natural focus of paragonimiasis in the northeastern region of Venezuela, 130 people were clinically, parasitologically and immunologically evaluated. A specific intradermal test was positive in 13%. Besides an index case, three other active cases of paragonimiasis were identified. Adult Paragonimus worms and metacercariae were recovered from Didelphis marsupialis and Eudaniela garmani, respectively. Previous reports of Paragonimus infection in Venezuela are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[A case of aminophylline hypersensitivity reaction due to ethylenediamine].

We present a case of aminophylline hypersensitivity reaction due to ethylenediamine. A thirty-year-old Japanese female admitted to our hospital to evaluate generalized urticarial reaction immediately after intravenous administration of aminophylline. Skin intradermal testing was positive with ethylenediamine. A positive intravenous test was found with aminophylline and negative with diprophylline which does not contain ethylenediamine. There are some reports of aminophylline hypersensitivity reaction and the most cases were delayed type reaction in English literatures. However, most of Japanese cases were immediate type. Acetylation is a main metabolic pathway of ethylenediamine. Most of Japanese have a rapid or intermediate acetylators on the other hand. Caucasian have a 50% likelihood of being slow acetylators. This difference suggest the different incidences of immediate and delayed reaction of aminophylline hypersensitivity reaction in Japanese and Caucasian respectively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dwarfism and the Shereshevskiĭ-Turner syndrome in patients with congenital toxoplasmosis].

Fifty five patients with cerebral and hypophyseal nanism and Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome were examined for toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was established on the basis of epidemiological and obstetrical anamnesis, clinical and roentgenological data and serological tests (complement fixation test in 2 modifications--by common and droplet method; precipitation test, fluorescent antibody test) and intradermal allergic test with toxoplasmin (ATT). Of 48 patients with cerebral and hypophyseal nanism ATT proved to be positive in 17 (35.4 per cent); it was positive in 3 of 7 patients with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome. In some of the patients and their mothers serological tests for toxoplasmosis were also positive. Thus, toxoplasmosis infection among the patients examined was 2.5-3 times more incident than the corresponding indices in healthy children. It is supposed that there is pathology of hypothalamic regulation of hypophyseal functions in toxoplasmosis and nanism. A possibility of pathology of the generative apparatus in maternal toxoplasmosis leading to development of chromosomal embryopathies could not be excluded. The authors consider that further studies are necessary for ascertaining (in some of the cases) of the pathogenetic association between toxoplasmosis and growth and developmental disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allergy to ethylenediamine and steroid.

Intravenous preparations combining aminophylline and a steroid are used frequently in the treatment of bronchial asthma attacks. However, anaphylactoid reactions to such preparations have been rarely observed. We report the case of a 31-year-old man with aminophylline and steroid allergy. Aminophylline is the ethylenediamine salt of theophylline. In our patient, aminophylline, ethylenediamine and various steroids were found to be positive in the intradermal test. The challenge test with intravenous aminophylline was positive, while that with oral theophylline was negative. Ethylenediamine is used in everyday products such as shellacs and rubber products. In the case of our patient, his asthma worsened following the remodelling of his restaurant. Occupational asthma due to exposure to ethylenediamine is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental study of the general serology of immunopathological processes].

Serological criteria for detection of the circulating immune complexes and for a possible evaluation of a comparative expression of the corresponding pathological process were investigated. Foreign serum was repeatedly administered to rabbits against the background [corrected] of the circulating anyibodies. A study was made of the three serological indices (changes in the complement titre, and increase in the anticomplementary properties of the sera, the apperance in the blood and titres of immunoconglutinin) and the data of biological activity of the sera (an increase of total toxicity and the capacity to induce local reaction in the intradermal test on guinea pigs and adrenalectomized albino mice). It was shown that the serological indices under study, together and in combination with the data on biological activity of the sera could serve as a sufficiently reliable criterion for evaluation of the circulating immune complexes: in using all the 5 serum indices the positive ones, even by one of them only constituted 96%. At the same time some of the indices (an increase in the anticomplementary capacity of the sera, the appearance of immunoconglutinin in the blood, an increase of total serum toxicity) could apparently be used for comparative assessment of the extent of the pathological process, since they occurred with a lower intensity of the immune complex formation (reduction of the dose of the antigen administered.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunologic diagnosis of animal hydatidosis--Preliminary results].

Immunological reactions for diagnosis of Hydatidosis in cattle and swine are studied, such as Casoni, Latex agglutination and Serum-precipitation. The preliminary data shows that procedures may be useful in clinical practice of bovines. The same techniques in swine shows much promise, but requires further evaluation. The intradermal test for Hydatic disease, introduced by Casoni (1911) has been employed in some parts of the world and seems to be of high sensitivity in bovine. Latex agglutination and precipitation Test may be used in cases of weak skin reactions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis].

There is a wide variety of criteria in regard to the etiology of atopic dermatitis of neurodermitis. The allergic factor may play a very important role in its etiology. There is neither a general agreement on the importance of food allergy in this regard. Broadly considered, these patients may evoke intense positive reactions to intradermal tests to food and inhalative allergens, nevertheless it will be possible to establish that the lesions appear or disappear after the exposure of suppression of the antigens which evoked the positive reaction. On this basis, many dermatologists deny the allergic etiology in atopic dermatitis, even though in most instances no food skin tests are performed. In this study, 110 patients, both children and adults of both sexes, suffering from atopic dermatitis are investigated. The onset in most of the cases is before the age of six months, following the ages between 1-10 years; the groups between 6 months and one year, and 10-20 years followed a descending order per decade until 70 years. 60.9% of the cases showed food allergy to one or more food items. In 39% of the cases, no food allergy was found. The food-stuffs more commonly involved were: milk (37.7%), egg (26.3%) and fish (20.9%), followed by coca, wheat flour, seafood, fruits, vegetables and meat. A remission of the reaction followed the suppression of the allergen. Intestinal parasitosis is evaluated in relation to atopic dermatitis. 30.9% of the 110 cases were affected with intestinal parasitosis, being the most common the flagelates (lamblias), protozoa (amoeba) and nematodes (ascaris, tricocephalus and oxijrus). Finally, a concurrence is found between atopic dermatitis and other allergic diseases in 81 cases (73.6%), being bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis the most frequent, and allergic rhinitis, urticaria and Quincke's edema less frequent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[A report of 50 patients with artemisia pollenosis and plant food allergy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the patients with both artemisia pollenosis and plant food allergy. METHODS: The diagnosis of artemisia pollenosis was based on a history of summer-autumn pollenosis, and positive intradermal test with artemisia pollen (Ar) and serum specific IgE-Ar; the diagnosis of plant food allergy was based on a history of the symptoms occurred shortly after the intake of some plant foods, and positive skin prick test using some plant food, and positive specific IgE in some of them. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients with both artemisia pollenosis and plant food allergy was diagnosed. The average age of onset of artemisia pollenosis was 24 (7 approximately 56 yr), The average age of onset of allergy to plant food was 23 year 8 month (3 approximately 57 yr). Sex ratio (M:F) was 21:29 with female predominating. artemisia pollenosis occurred prior to food allergy in 50% of the patients, plant food allergy occurred prior to pollenosis in about 29% of the patients, both of them occurred simultaneously in 21%. The common offending food were legumes, peach and peanut and sunflower seeds etc, nasal symptoms by inhalation of Ar occurred in 96% (46/48) of the patients, followed by conjunctivitis and asthma, urticaria was not common, anaphylatic shock and gastrointestinal symptoms were rare. The common clinical manifestations caused by ingestion of plant food were urticaria and oral allergy syndrome (OAS) occurred in 66% (33/50) and 40% (20/50) of the patients respectively, followed by asthma, rhinitis and conjunctivitis, anaphylactic shock and gastrointestinal tract symptoms were much more frequently than artemisia pollenosis. but single oral mucosa symptoms only occurred in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: The patients with pollenosis must be in vigilance for the development of plant food allergy later, and vise versa. Single oral mucosa symptoms were rarely seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Hypoparathyroidismus following L-asparaginase and vaccinia virus infection. Effect of hypocalcemia on phagocytosis and the function of lymphocytes].

Rabbits, treated with injections of 4000 IU of L-Asparaginase, develop the clinical and chemical signs of hypoparathyroidism. A simultaneous vaccination with vaccinia virus (strain "Elstree") markedly increase the tetanic symptoms ("conditioned deficiency"). L-Asparaginase may influence the cellular immunity by hypocalcemia. Two mechanisms are discussed: 1. the suppression of the phagocytosis, recognizable by the absence of signs for vaccinal allergy by deficiency of macrophages in the intradermal test with inactivated small-pox vaccine. 2. the inhibition of the PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation caused by deficiency of calcium ions.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

[Infectiousness and virulence of multidrug-resistant and drug susceptible tuberculosis in adult contacts].

Patients carrying multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been considered traditionally as presenting a diminished epidemiological risk according to animal experimentation results. The experience obtained from the MDRTB/AIDS related epidemics showed MDRTB transmission to immunocompetent health care workers and adults close contacts. In this retrospective study, the infectiousness (measured as the frequency of intradermal test with PPD 2TU over 10 mm) and virulence (cases bacteriologically confirmed) among close contacts of patients with MDR and susceptible TB were evaluated. A total of 97 contacts of 37 MDRTB patients vs. 356 contacts of 100 patients with susceptible TB were studied. No statistical differences were found in PPD 2 UT positivity and TB cases between both contact groups, nor in relation to HIV seropositivity of index cases. According to these observations, MDR strains of M. tuberculosis present similar infectiousness and virulence compared with susceptible strains.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accidental inoculation "in anima nobile." Report of a case].

A case of paracoccidioidomycosis by accidental innoculation on the back of the left hand in a female patient is presented. Clinically the manifestation was of a hard and painful nodular lesion. This lesion was completely excised surgically. This lesion was completely excised surgically. The material obtained revealed the "Paracoccidioides brasillensis" by direct and histopathologic microscopic examinations. No culture was obtained. The histopathologic aspect of the lesion was of a tuberculoid granuloma. The immunological study demonstrated a positive intradermic test and negative results by complement fixation and preciptin reactions. The lesion cured completely after the surgical excision and sulfadimetoxin treatment.

Adult↗