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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The clinical significance of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization monitoring chimeric status after sex-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between chimerism, minimal residual disease (MRD) and relapse after sex-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for leukemia. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with leukemia received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell grafts from HLA-matched or partially matched, but sex-mismatched donors. Chimeric status and MRD were detected by dual-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) using X/Y sex chromosome centromere DNA probe and bcr/abl dual fusion DNA probe, respectively, at different time points after transplantation. SPSS software was used to analyse the correlation between chimeric status, MRD and relapse. RESULTS: In comparison with karyotype analysis, I-FISH was of higher sensitivity in detecting sex chromosome and bcr/abl fusion gene. Chimeric status was negatively correlated with MRD (r=-0.9690, P<0.01). In the early times of transplantation (within 3 months), mixed chimerism had higher relapse rate than did complete chimerism. Chimeric status and MRD were correlated with leukemic relapse (r=-8240, P<0.01; r=-0.9040, P<0.01). The decrease in chimeric status occurred before leukemic relapse in hematology. CONCLUSION: I-FISH is a more specific and sensitive test for monitoring MRD after transplantation. The clinical value of sex chromosome is identical to that of the special tumor gene for monitoring MRD after transplantation. Chimeric status is negatively correlated with MRD. Chimeric status and MRD are associated with leukemic relapse. The decrease in chimeric status is considered a mark of leukemic relapse after transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Ultrastructure of the nuclear apparatus of the infusorian Loxodes magnus. I. The macronuclei, macronuclear anlagen and the interphasic micronuclei].

The nuclear apparatus of Loxodes magnus Stokes (Holotricha) consists of numerous macronuclei which belong to the diploid type and never divide, and of numerous micronuclei. No nuclear groups exist; individual nuclei often lie in cytoplasmic islets surrounded by large lacunae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Interphasic micronuclei have two-membraned envelopes with numerous pores, usually lined at the cytoplasmic side with a layer of vacuoles, channels, or flattened vesicles of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The chromatin of the micronuclei consists of anastomosing threads, 0.1--0.2 mum wide, between which several nucleolus-like bodies of microfibrillar structure occur. Adult macronuclei have a similar nuclear envelope and a similar system of vacuoles, channels, and flattened agranular cisternae outside it. The macronucleus contains a single large composite nucleolus with 3 or 4 fibrillar cores inside the common granular cortex. The fibrillar cores are pierced by channels containing nucleolar organizers in the form of strands of condensed chromatin. The peripheral zone of the macronucleus is filled with decondensed chromatin fibrils and contains a number of small chromocenters and several aggregates of RNP granules. No protein inclusions (spheres) have been observed in Loxodes macronuclei. The macronuclear anlagen, developing in the cycle of every cell division, show progressive decondensation of the chromosomes and formation of several nucleoli, each with its own organizer. Later on, the nucleoli fuse into a single nucleolus. The small chromocentres are the last to form.

Cell Division↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The gliovascular interphase in irradiated brain tissue. Electron microscopic investigations on location of specific phosphatases.

In the brains of rats exposed to a dose of 800 rads of gammma radiation the location of phosphatases hydrolysing the following phosphate esters: adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), cytidinetriphosphate (CTP), guanosinetriphosphate (GTP) and inosinediphosphate (IDP) was determined in the ultramicroscopic structures. Changes were observed in their location in the gliovascular interphase. Early after the exposure (6 hours) the activity of specific phosphatases decreased in brain capillaries, then (48 hours) the reaction product disappeared from the basal membrane of the capillaries and appeared in the endothelium. Later (72 hours -- 7 days) the intensity of the reaction increased in the processes of the astrocytes adhering to the capillary. These changes took place concomitantly with an increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and suggested that specific phosphatases participate in the barrier mechanisms.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Interphasic nucleolus organizer regions visualized by silver reaction in human hepatocytes.

To provide more information on the presence and number of nucleolar silver-stained granules (SSGs) representing interphasic nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis, these cells were studied in patients with various hepatic disorders such as chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with or without characteristic signs of progress of the disease ("active" and "inactive" cirrhosis). In comparison with hepatocytes of histologically normal liver, an elevated number of nucleolar SSGs were noted in hepatocytes of patients with all the mentioned hepatic disorders, with maximal values in patients with "active" liver cirrhosis. These findings suggest a compensatory nucleolar biosynthetic activity in remaining or altered hepatocytes in studied liver disorders.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

A quantitative comparison of potentially lethal damage repair and the rejoining of interphase chromosome breaks in low passage normal human fibroblasts.

After long postirradiation incubation periods, the residual frequency of prematurely condensed chromosome fragments following X-ray exposure of noncycling diploid human fibroblasts was found to be correlated with the frequency of chromosome aberrations observed under identical treatment conditions when the cells were subcultured and scored after they reached mitosis. Over a wide range of doses, the proportion of such cells without aberrations at their first metaphase was not significantly different from the proportion able to form macroscopic colonies. Further, the rate of rejoining of interphase chromosome breaks was the same as the rate of increase in survival due to the repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD). These results suggest that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the initial breakage and rejoining of G0 chromosomes and the induction and repair of PLD measured by delayed plating from plateau-phase cultures of these cells.

Ataxia Telangiectasia↗
PubMed1979

Nucleolar DNA organization in the interphase nuclei of mouse fibroblasts.

The organization of nucleolar DNA in interphase nuclei of somatic cells was studied at the ultrastructural level using oxidized DAB as a nucleic acid stain. Some finely filamentous networks of DNA-containing structures were observed within the nucleolar fibrillar component. They originated from the perinucleolar shell of condensed chromatin and from a chromatinic area with a honeycomb like structure. The latter was significantly associated with nucleoli and is believed to be a part of the nucleolar organizer region.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗
PubMed1975

[Localization of the fluorescent portion of the Y-chromosome in interphase nulcei of human embryonic kidney cell cultures].

The localization and frequency of accurrence of Y-chromosome fluorescent bodies in interphase nuclei in the cellular culture of 4-months male and female human embryos, were studied with fluorochromine method with quinacrine dehydrochloride. In cellular cultures of male embryonic kidney the frequency of Y-chromatin was about 50%. The Y-chromosome structural connection with nuclear membrane and nucleolus was demonstrated.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1975

[Non-random position of homologous chromosomes (no. 9 and YY) in interphase nuclei of human fibroblasts (author's transl)].

The position of chromosomes No. 9 and of the Y chromosomes in interphase nuclei was observed by means of the Giemsa-11 staining and the quinacrine mustard fluorescence staining respectively. 3 fibroblast cultures from normal female persons and 1 culture from a person with the karyotype 47/XYY were used. The distance between the two homologous chromosomes was compared with the theoretical expected distance between two points which are randomly positioned in a circular area. The distance between the chromosomes No. 9 as well as between the two Y chromosomes is significantly smaller than expected with a random position. This tendency for a somatic association is stronger in the case of the two Y chromosomes than in the two chromosomes No. 9.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The gliovascular interphase in irradiated brain tissue. Electron microscopic investigations. Horseradish peroxidase transport.

The gliovascular interphase in irradiated brain tissue. Electron microscopic investigations. Horseradish peroxidase transport. Acta physiol. pol., 1979, 30 (4): 455--468. The gliovascular junction which is the morphological element of the blood-brain barrier was studied. For damaging the barrier 44 Wistar rats received single dose of 800 rads of gamma radiation from Co60. The observations were carried out in electron microscope and capillary permeability was tested by means of horseradish peroxidase. It was found that: astrocytes play a significant role in the normal function of the barrier maintaining efficient active transport, the capillary vessel is a barrier to transport of macromolecular substances which cannot pass into the brain tissue under normal conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Detection of mixed lymphoid chimerism after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: demonstration by interphase cytogenetics in paraffin-embedded tissue].

In bone marrow transplantation (BMT) the detection of residual host lymphoid or haematopoietic cells surviving conditioning therapy is because of its association to graft-versus-host disease, graft-versus-leukemia reaction, and relapse of leukemia a matter of great interest. We studied the occurrence of this mixed lymphoid chimerism (MC) in the formol-fixed lymphatic tissue of lymph nodes and spleen from 21 autopsies after allogeneic sex-mismatched BMT (5 females, 16 males, survival 5 to 1140 days after BMT). In situ hybridisation with biotinylated centromer-specific anti-X- and anti-Y-chromosome probes was performed on pepsin-digested paraffin sections. The number of double X-, single X-, and Y-chromosome bearing cells was analysed microscopically. Because of artefacts only 14 cases remained for valid investigation. MC was detected in 6 cases (5 out of 11 males 5 days to 840 days and 1 out of 3 females 76 days after BMT). MC occurred after whole body irradiation with 10 Gy (n = 5) and 7 Gy (n = 1). In 1 autopsy relapse of leukemia caused host cell infiltration. Cases with MC did not express histological signs of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease, but 5 out of 8 with complete lymphoid chimerism did. The sensitivity of interphase cytogenetics on paraffin embedded tissue is low.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1994

Interphase cytogenetic analysis of in vivo differentiation in the myelodysplasia of Down syndrome.

In Down syndrome, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) occurs frequently during the first 4 years of life and is usually preceded by a period of myelodysplasia (MDS), often associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Archival peripheral blood and/or bone marrow films of six patients with Down syndrome and MDS whose leukemic cells contained monosomy 7 or trisomy 8 were studied to determine whether the abnormal precursors produce mature cells in vivo. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of interphase nuclei with chromosome-specific centromere probes for either chromosome 7 or 8, we were able to determine which cells had one, two, or three signals indicative of one, two, or three no. 7 or 8 chromosomes. In five patients with trisomy 8, 80% to 100% (94.5% +/- 6.2%) of the megakaryoblasts had three signals using a chromosome 8 probe; in one patient with monosomy 7, 96.5% of the megakaryoblasts had one signal using a chromosome 7 probe. In all six patients, the myeloid and lymphoid series did not have evidence of the chromosomal abnormality present in the blasts. In three of five patients with trisomy 8, three signals were observed in 27%, 33%, and 41% of normoblasts, respectively. These data are evidence that the abnormal cell in MDS is a progenitor cell with the potential of forming cells of megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Ultrastructural demonstration of deoxyribonuclease-sensitive elements in fibrillar zones of the nucleoli of L 929 cell interphasic nuclei].

We have shown in our earlier paper (4) that a ribonuclease resistant filamentous network was associated with the fibrillar structures of the nucleolus of L 929 interphase nucleus. After desoxyribonuclease digestion and oxydised DAB opacification, the nucleolar fibrillar areas became heterogenous from an electron microscopical point of view. We have concluded that an important part of these fibrillar areas are composed of DNA and that the high electron dense fibrillar structures seen after desoxyribonuclease digestion, are the primary ribosomal gene product, just transcribed on the DNA matrix.

Cell Nucleolus↗
PubMed1995

Localization of endothelin in the blood-brain interphase in rat hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia.

Electron microscopic immunocytochemical evaluation of localization and distribution of endothelins 1, 2 and 3 in the CA1 hippocampal sector in rats submitted to 10 min global cerebral ischemia was performed. The studies were done in different postischemic periods (10 min, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h) with postembedding immuno-gold technique for electron microscopy. Endothelin-like immunoreactivity was found in endothelial cells of hippocampal microvessels and in astrocytes, microglia, macrophages and in some axonal endings. The most pronounced changes appeared 24 h after ischemia. At that period all structural elements of blood-brain interphase: endothelium, basal membrane and perivascular astrocytic processes showed intensive endothelin-like immunoreactivity. Especially marked immunoreactivity was found in macrophages appearing in the proximity of microvessels. It has been stressed that ischemia-induced increased content of endothelin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of postischemic tissue abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamic interphase tensiometry of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum in nervous system tumors].

Dynamic superficial tension (ST) of spinal fluid (SF) and blood serum in patients with CNS tumors was investigated. The maximum bubble tension was measured by a MPT2 computer tensiometer (LAUDA). There were decreases in ST of blood serum at t = 1 and t-->infinity, increases in ST at t = 0.01 and decreases in the angle on SF tensiograms. The parameters of interphasic tensiometry of the biological fluids depend on content of biologically active substances severity of the neurological symptomatology and duration of disease. Successive surgical treatment is followed by normalization of SF and blood serum ST.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of chromosome aneuploidy in tissue sections of preinvasive breast carcinomas using interphase cytogenetics.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about cellular level genetic alterations in preinvasive breast lesions, particularly lobular carcinoma in situ. METHODS: We employed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using pericentromeric (alpha satellite) probes to assess numerical alterations of chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 16, 17, and X in deparaffinized archival tissue sections of 9 lobular carcinomas in situ (LCIS), 10 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), and a spectrum of proliferative lesions (including 3 ductal hyperplasias, 1 adenosis, 1 radial scar, and 2 atypical hyperplasias). Three of the LCIS lesions and five of the DCIS lesions were from patients who had a concurrent invasive neoplasm as a component of the tumor. RESULTS: None of the proliferative lesions exhibited detectable chromosome gains, and only 1 showed evidence of signal loss consistent with monosomy (chromosome 7 in the adenosis lesion). Six LCIS patients (67%) displayed evidence of monosomy, with involvement of chromosome 17 in 6 of 6 patients, chromosome 8 in 2 of 6 patients, and chromosome 7 in 2 of 6 patients. Two LCIS patients, each of whom had a concurrent invasive neoplasm, exhibited signal gains consistent with trisomy for chromosomes 1 and 8 (1 patient each). Chromosome aneuploidies were observed in 7 of 10 (70%) DCIS patients, including 2 of 5 patients (40%) without concurrent invasive neoplasm and 5 of 5 patients (100%) with concurrent invasive neoplasm. The pattern of numerical chromosome alteration in DCIS included two patients with losses only, 2 patients with gains only, and 3 patients with both gains and losses (i.e., involving different chromosomes). Chromosome 17 aneuploidy was observed in all DCIS and all LCIS patients who exhibited abnormalities; however, DCIS patients showed more frequent aneuploidies for chromosomes X and 16 (0 LCIS patients vs. 4 DCIS patients with each). CONCLUSIONS: Distinctive pathologic subsets of preinvasive breast neoplasia have divergent patterns of genetic instability. Foci of residual in situ neoplasia that accompany invasive disease may have a greater degree of genetic instability than neoplasms that lack progression to invasive phenotype.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1997

Interphase cytogenetic analysis of myxoid soft tissue tumors by fluorescence in situ hybridization and DNA flow cytometry using paraffin-embedded tissue.

BACKGROUND: Myxoid liposarcoma is one of the major myxoid malignancies of soft tissue and its histologic differentiation from other myxoid tumors is sometimes difficult. Recent cytogenetic analysis revealed that a characteristic reciprocal chromosomal translocation of t(12;16)(q13;p11) occurs in myxoid liposarcomas. In this study, retrospective cytogenetic analysis by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA flow cytometry were performed on free nuclei isolated from paraffin embedded myxoid liposarcoma cells, and they were compared with myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs), low grade fibromyxoid sarcomas, and intramuscular myxomas. METHODS: Nine myxoid liposarcomas, five myxoid MFHs, two low grade fibromyxoid sarcomas, and four intramuscular myxomas were examined. Chromosomal aberrations in chromosomes 12 and 16 were investigated by FISH, using both centromeric DNA probes and whole chromosome painting probes. Cellular DNA contents were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: All nine myxoid liposarcomas were shown to be diploid by DNA flow cytometry and exhibited the translocation t(12; 16), as shown by FISH. Four of the five myxoid MFHs exhibited aneuploidy, as shown by flow cytometry, and remarkable numeric aberrations of chromosomes 12 and 16. No abnormal DNA content or chromosomal aberrations were identified in the two low grade fibromyxoid sarcomas or the four intramuscular myxomas. CONCLUSIONS: FISH analysis performed on paraffin embedded materials can be used to differentiate myxoid liposarcomas from other myxoid soft tissue tumors.

Adult↗