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PubMed1999

Clinical information systems: strategic imperatives driving IDNs forward.

Reviewing the "state of the art" of clinical information systems in healthcare, one can't help but be struck by how many promises remain unfulfilled. Yes, there have been advances in electronic medical information systems in the past three decades, but in many ways, the same problems exist today that have existed all along. Implementation of clinical information systems (CIS) still requires major changes in workflow. And those core problems continue to dog the progress of integrated healthcare delivery systems, which are struggling to demonstrate value to purchasers, payers, providers, and consumers as they aggregate vertically and horizontally across the continuum. At the same time, mastering the "people" issues, those that revolve around how technology is integrated into the clinical practice of medicine, continues to be the key success factor for producing a usable solution, even with all the advances in hardware and software.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2005

[Building a SAN and NAS integrated storage system in hospitals].

We have recentely built a cluster and backup system based on a SAN + NAS integrated storage system at a low price. The integration of SAN + NAS provides a storage system of fine quality, high reliability and high stability for hospitals. The article mainly introduces the choice of the project, the design of SAN + NAS integration and its implementation.

Computer Storage Devices↗

PubMed2005

SPIN query tools for de-identified research on a humongous database.

The Shared Pathology Informatics Network (SPIN), a research initiative of the National Cancer Institute, will allow for the retrieval of more than 4 million pathology reports and specimens. In this paper, we describe the special query tool as developed for the Indianapolis/Regenstrief SPIN node, integrated into the ever-expanding Indiana Network for Patient care (INPC). This query tool allows for the retrieval of de-identified data sets using complex logic, auto-coded final diagnoses, and intrinsically supports multiple types of statistical analyses. The new SPIN/INPC database represents a new generation of the Regenstrief Medical Record system - a centralized, but federated system of repositories.

Confidentiality↗

PubMedDate not supplied

PACS and patient data management systems.

It is important for a PACS to have access to the patient data, as well as to the images themselves, for the purpose of sophisticated image archiving, retrieving, viewing and interpretation. There are many kinds of patient data concerning image examinations (i.e., patient name, ID, age, examination date and time, examined regions, methods, findings on images, diagnoses or diagnostic impressions, etc.). Some of them are acquired from image examination apparatus, some are supplied by diagnostic radiologists, while some need be retrieved from the radiology and hospital information systems. To facilitate this data exchange, a PACS-RIS-HIS coupling is required. The author has constructed at Tokyo University Hospital a small PACS called TRACS, which adopts one of the possible PACS-RIS-HIS coupling configurations.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed2026

MetaServe: a lightweight, metadata-aware governance and delivery layer for pre-publication research omics data.

BACKGROUND: Institutional research teams and core facilities routinely manage pre-publication omics datasets that span heterogeneous file types, nested project structures, and multiple downstream uses. Public repositories mainly support post-publication dissemination, while workflow systems and enterprise data platforms do not directly provide a lightweight governance and delivery layer for internal research assets. RESULTS: We present MetaServe, an open-source governance and delivery layer for pre-publication research assets in institutional multi-omics settings. MetaServe registers and delivers heterogeneous assets, including sequencing files, processed matrices, imaging data, analysis-ready objects, tabular files, and documents, without requiring repository-grade standardization. Its metadata-aware design combines file-type recognition, partial automatic extraction for selected formats, manually supplied project and biological annotations, and indexed faceted retrieval. MetaServe supports authenticated web download, viewer-oriented handoff for compatible services such as cellxgene, and path-manifest export for downstream workflows under shared-storage assumptions. The current implementation combines role-based controls, explicit file-level sharing, path-constrained delivery, and operational traceability to support controlled institutional access. MetaServe has been deployed at the Chinese Institutes for Medical Research (CIMR) as part of an institutional multi-omics data-management system. CONCLUSIONS: MetaServe provides a practical layer between institutional storage and downstream analytical platforms for pre-publication research data. Its contribution is the integration of lightweight metadata-aware registration, permission-aware retrieval, and controlled delivery for heterogeneous institutional omics assets. Rather than replacing workflow engines, public repositories, or enterprise-scale research data platforms, MetaServe offers a deployable governance layer for core facilities and collaborative teams that need structured discovery and traceable delivery before public deposition or manuscript release.

Metadata↗

PubMed2002

The Blood Stocks Management Scheme, a partnership venture between the National Blood Service of England and North Wales and participating hospitals for maximizing blood supply chain management.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Blood Stocks Management Scheme (BSMS) has been established as a joint venture between the National Blood Service (NBS) in England and North Wales and participating hospitals to monitor the blood supply chain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stock and wastage data are submitted to a web-based data-management system, facilitating continuous and complete red cell data collection and 'real time' data extraction. RESULTS: The data-management system enables peer review of performance in respect of stock holding levels and red cell wastage. CONCLUSIONS: The BSMS has developed an innovative web-based data-management system that enables data collection and benchmarking of practice, which should drive changes in stock management practice, therefore optimizing the use of donated blood.

Blood Banks↗

PubMed2006

Improving the efficiency of case-based reasoning to deal with activated sludge solids separation problems.

The potential of Case-Based Reasoning to use the knowledge gained from past experiences to solve problematic situations has made this Artificial Intelligence technique a useful decision support tool in different environmental domains such as wastewater treatment. Case-Based Reasoning tools automatically identify similarities between present and previous situations (cases) and reuse the experiences gained from the previous situations to solve current problems. Case retrieval can be considered to be the most important step in the process of Case-Based Reasoning. In the present study we propose incorporating a relevance network in order to increase the accuracy and the efficiency of case retrieval. The result is a context-sensitive feature-weighting methodology capable of defining the model of relationships between the different attributes or features that define the context in which Case-Based Reasoning is applied. These features affect the retrieval procedure directly. The feature's degree of relevance in the network is easily translated into a set of simple rules and applied during case retrieval, specifically during the similarity calculation. The results obtained in the present study show significant improvements in the accuracy of case retrieval. With the approach presented here experts considered more than 90% of the retrieved cases to be completely relevant according to the knowledge these cases provided for dealing with solids separation problems.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2005

Extracting information on pneumonia in infants using natural language processing of radiology reports.

Natural language processing (NLP) is critical for improvement of the healthcare process because it can encode clinical data in patient documents. Many clinical applications such as decision support require coded data to function appropriately. However, in order to be applicable for healthcare, performance must be adequate. A valuable automated application is the detection of infectious diseases, such as surveillance of pneumonia in newborns (e.g., neonates) because the disease produces significant rates of morbidity and mortality, and manual surveillance is challenging. Studies have demonstrated that automated surveillance using NLP is a useful adjunct to manual surveillance and an effective tool for infection control practitioners. This paper presents a study evaluating the feasibility of an NLP-based monitoring system to screen for healthcare-associated pneumonia in neonates. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value by comparing results with clinicians' judgments. Sensitivity was 71% and specificity was 99%. Our results demonstrated that the automated method was feasible.

Database Management Systems↗

PubMed1994

Automation at the point of care.

Clinical Information Systems (CISs) are systems of microcomputers used at patient bedsides to collect, process, retrieve and display information related to patient care. At our facility, 65 terminals are used in selected units and the CIS has virtually replaced paper charts in daily practice and documentation. Though currently employed in only a small number of hospitals, the use of CISs is expected to grow rapidly during the coming decade.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed2004

A mobile phone integrated health care delivery system of medical images.

With the growing computing capability of mobile phones, a handy mobile controller is developed for accessing the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) to enhance image management for clinicians with nearly no restriction in time and location using various wireless communication modes. The PACS is an integrated system for the distribution and archival of medical images that are acquired by different imaging modalities such as CT (computed tomography) scanners, CR (computed radiography) units, DR (digital radiography) units, US (ultrasonography) scanners, and MR (magnetic resonance) scanners. The mobile controller allows image management of the PACS including display, worklisting, query and retrieval of medical images in DICOM format. In this mobile system, a server program is developed in a PACS Web server which serves as an interface for client programs in the mobile phone and the enterprise PACS for image distribution in hospitals. The application processing is performed on the server side to reduce computational loading in the mobile device. The communication method of mobile phones can be adapted to multiple wireless environments in Hong Kong. This allows greater feasibility to accommodate the rapidly changing communication technology. No complicated computer hardware or software is necessary. Using a mobile phone embedded with the mobile controller client program, this system would serve as a tool for heath care and medical professionals to improve the efficiency of the health care services by speedy delivery of image information. This is particularly important in case of urgent consultation, and it allows health care workers better use of the time for patient care.

Cell Phone↗

PubMed2001

The chemical accident risk assessment thesaurus: a tool for analyzing and comparing diverse risk assessment processes and definitions.

The Chemical Accident Risk Assessment Thesaurus (CARAT) is a database of the laws, regulations, guidance documents, and definitions of terms related to the risk assessment of accidental releases of chemicals from fixed installations. The database also contains information on the application of risk assessment methodologies to specific examples of potential chemical releases. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development urged the development of the Thesaurus to improve the communication among the member countries about the risk assessment of hazardous installations. The difficulty of communication is based in large part on the fact that certain "terms of art" have different meanings in different countries and cultures, or that different terms of art are used to address the same concept. The CARAT is designed to circumvent these difficulties, and is especially useful as a tool to analyze the definitions of terms related to risk assessment. Entries into the CARAT contain information from various international, national, and regional agencies that relate to risk assessment processes and definitions focused on accidental chemical releases. The entire system is accessible via the Internet. Retrieval of information from the CARAT is facilitated by five different searching tools: two of them are designed to search the CARAT for its entries. One facility is designed to search for laws and regulations, specific risk assessment cases (SRA), and risk assessment guidance documents (RAG) related to chemical accidents. The second search facility deals with entries of definitions. The design of the CARAT is ideally suited to capture the sense of definitions that are expressed as either a procedural definition (an "operation on a concept") or a conceptual definitions (just the "concept"). A powerful third query tool is the "Comparison" facility. This query tool allows the user to compare the details CARAT entries of laws and regulations, SRA, RAG, or definitions, in any combination. The remaining two tools can perform searches by identifying entries that contain either certain combinations of hierarchical or descriptor details. Both types can be conducted in Boolean "and/or" mode.

Accidents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Free DICOM image viewing and processing software for your desktop computer: what's available and what it can do for you.

Whether or not a radiology department is "filmless," there is often a need to store images digitally for teaching or presentation purposes. Most computed tomographic and magnetic resonance images are in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) 3 format, which has many advantages; however, these files can be very large and rapidly consume storage space. Converting DICOM files to smaller file formats such as the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format can save space and allow insertion of images into presentations created with software such as Microsoft PowerPoint. Some picture archiving and communication systems can convert images from DICOM to other formats; however, many free options are also available. The World Wide Web was searched for free DICOM image viewing or processing software, and programs that were thought to be user-friendly and compatible with the Microsoft Windows operating systems were evaluated. There are many free programs that enable manipulation and processing of DICOM images on a desktop computer, allowing the user to easily window images and convert them to a smaller and more usable format, such as JPEG.

Humans↗

PubMed2007

Bio-image warehouse system: concept and implementation of a diagnosis-based data warehouse for advanced imaging modalities in neuroradiology.

Advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), chemical shift spectroscopy imaging (CSI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) create novel challenges in terms of data storage and management: huge amounts of raw data are generated, the results of analysis may depend on the software and settings that have been used, and most often intermediate files are inherently not compliant with the current DICOM (digital imaging and communication in medicine) standard, as they contain multidimensional complex and tensor arrays and various other types of data structures. A software architecture, referred to as Bio-Image Warehouse System (BIWS), which can be used alongside a radiology information system/picture archiving and communication system (RIS/PACS) system to store neuroimaging data for research purposes, is presented. The system architecture is conceived with the purpose of enabling to query by diagnosis according to a predefined two-layered classification taxonomy. The operational impact of the system and the time needed to get acquainted with the web-based interface and with the taxonomy are found to be limited. The development of modules enabling automated creation of statistical templates is proposed.

Diagnostic Imaging↗

PubMed2005

A web service-based Grid portal for Edgebreaker compression.

BACKGROUND: In health applications, and elsewhere, 3D data sets are increasingly accessed through the Internet. To reduce the transfer time while maintaining an unaltered 3D model, adequate compression and decompression techniques are needed. Recently, Grid technologies have been integrated with Web Services technologies to provide a framework for interoperable application-to-application interaction. OBJECTIVES: The paper describes an implementation of the Edgebreaker compression technique exploiting web services technology and presents a novel approach for using such services in a Grid Portal. The Grid portal, developed at the CACT/ISUFI of the University of Lecce, allows the processing and delivery of biomedical images (CT--computerized tomography--and MRI--magnetic resonance images) in a distributed environment, using the power and security of computational Grids. METHODS: The Edgebreaker Compression Web Service has been deployed on a Grid portal and allows compressing and decompressing 3D data sets using the Globus toolkit GSI (Globus Security Infrastructure) protocol. Moreover, the classical algorithm has been modified extending the compression to files containing more than one object. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: An implementation of the Edgebreaker compression technique and related experimental results are presented. A novel approach for using the compression web service in a Grid portal allowing storing and preprocessing of huge 3D data sets, and subsequent efficient transmission of results for remote visualization is also described.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2006

[The design and realization of Web-view PACS browser].

This article analyses the system structure and realization model of Web-view PACS browser in combination with the characteristic of PACS, and presents the realizing process of the web-view PACS browser using JSP mode and B/S model.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2005

Investigation into biomedical literature classification using support vector machines.

Specific topic search in the PubMed Database, one of the most important information resources for scientific community, presents a big challenge to the users. The researcher typically formulates boolean queries followed by scanning the retrieved records for relevance, which is very time consuming and error prone. We applied Support Vector Machines (SVM) for automatic retrieval of PubMed articles related to Human genome epidemiological research at CDC (Center for disease Control and Prevention). In this paper, we discuss various investigations into biomedical literature classification and analyze the effect of various issues related to the choice of keywords, training sets, kernel functions and parameters for the SVM technique. We report on the various factors above to show that SVM is a viable technique for automatic classification of biomedical literature into topics of interest such as epidemiology, cancer, birth defects etc. In all our experiments, we achieved high values of PPV, sensitivity and specificity.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed2004

[Retrieval of bioethical information from the SIBIL database].

SIBIL (Italian Online Bioethical Information System) is the database distributed on the net by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita through the homonymous system, conceived for a systematic dissemination of bioethical information, which is scattered in a multitude of informative resources, due to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject. The present work shows the structure and the main features of the database, which aims to provide a regular update on the national ethical debate through the collection of a wide range of documents. Emphasis is laid on the query mechanisms through practical suggestions which may contribute to a more precise searching, thus granting the retrieval of relevant documents. The article also describes the short-term development of the system, which is expected to take part in a European bioethical net in the near future.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed1995

Multiple usage of the CD PLUS/UNIX system: performance in practice.

In August 1994, the CD PLUS/Ovid literature retrieval system based on UNIX was activated for the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Erasmus University in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. There were up to 1,200 potential users. Tests were carried out to determine the extent to which searching for literature was affected by other end users of the system. In the tests, search times and download times were measured in relation to a varying number of continuously active workstations. Results indicated a linear relationship between search times and the number of active workstations. In the "worst case" situation with sixteen active workstations, the time required for record retrieval increased by a factor of sixteen and downloading time by a factor of sixteen over the "best case" of no other active stations. However, because the worst case seldom, if ever, happens in real life, these results are considered acceptable.

CD-ROM↗