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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Prospective study of the clinical signs, diet, and radiologic changes of the small intestine and the colon in 106 patients with functional intestinal disorders].

A prospective statistical study of clinical symptoms, radiological modifications of the colon and small bowel as judged by a morphometric method and dietary habits was performed in 106 patients who presented with functional intestinal disorders. Four different associations of symptoms and signs were found: a) pain, sometimes heavy, in the left upper quadrant and the ombilical region was associated with morphometric modifications of the small bowel: increased diameter of the upper part, decreased diameter and increased number of folds in the lower part of ileum; b) slight pain of the two upper quadrants and the two flanks was associated with flatulence, and was not correlated with modifications of the radiological aspect of the small bowel and colon; c) constipation and diarrhea were not correlated with any type of morphometric modifications of the colon; d) constipation was significantly correlated with low fiber diet.

Colon↗
PubMed1984

[Choice of a method of intestinal decompression for prevention and treatment of postoperative intestinal obstruction].

Advantages of the intestine decompression in the prevention and treatment of postoperative obstruction were shown by an analysis of results of the treatment of 348 patients with acute surgical diseases of the abdomen. Lethality was reduced from 30,7% to 16,4%. The authors describe a modification of enterostomy after Maydle which has some advantages over other methods.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1980

Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. III. Quantitative analyses of epithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine of human control subjects and of patients with celiac sprue.

To investigate the morphology and proliferation of small intestinal lymphocytes, 1-micrometer sections of Epon-embedded jejunum from 14 control subjects and 5 celiac sprue patients were studied by light microscopy. Results showed that: (a) Epithelial lymphocytes were of significantly greater diameter in untreated, compared with treated, celiacs (P < 0.001), and comprised 5% more cells > 9 micrometer diameter compared with control mucosa. (b) Mitotic indices of epithelial lymphocytes were considerably raised in untreated sprue, and a brisk rate in accumulation of metaphase-arrests was observed during a 4-hr period of colchicine administration; after treatment, proliferative activity fell steeply, but not to the zero levels found in controls. (c) "Areal densities" (number of lymphocytes subtended by unit area of muscularis mucosae) were reduced in untreated patients (P < 0.02) and increased to control levels after treatment. "Flux ratios" (number of epithelial lymphocytes penetrating basal lamina/unit area muscularis divided by "areal density") were greater in untreated, than treated, specimens (P < 0.005) suggesting that in untreated sprue, there is increased traffic of lymphocytes across basal lamina. Thus celiac epithelium contains fewer, but significantly larger lymphocytes that exhibit heightened mitotic activity; greater numbers of lymphocytes also appear to be in transit across the basal lamina. With the exception of mitotic activity, all other observed changes were completely reversed by gluten withdrawal.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the intestinal Escherichia microflora in patients with acute intestinal infections].

The content of enterobacteria in fecal samples obtained from 1,146 patients with acute enteric infections was studied. In the first days of the disease about 70% of the patients were found to have abundant and highly diversified intestinal microflora with Escherichia contamination of feces constituting 10(6)-10(7) microbial cells/g in children and 10(7)-10(8) microbial cells/g in adults. The number of patients excreting Escherichia and pathogenic enterobacteria increased from 8.8% (children under 6 months) to 28.6% (adults), the number of patients excreting Escherichia and opportunistic enterobacteria decreased from 69.1% (children under 6 months) to 36.8%. In 75% of cases the reverse relationship between the number of Escherichia and opportunistic enterobacteria was registered, the latter numbering two and more genera in 50% of cases. The serological picture of Escherichia was poorer when they were isolated simultaneously with shigellae (83 O-groups) than in those cases when Escherichia alone were isolated (108 O-groups), or when Escherichia were isolated simultaneously with opportunistic enterobacteria (119 O-groups).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Intestinal obstruction with invagination caused by an inflammatory fibroid polyp of the small intestine].

We observed the rare case of a 50-year-old man with intestinal obstruction due to an inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) of the jejunum. Here, we report its clinical and pathological characteristics, and its histologic appearance. Limited small bowel resection led to complete recovery of the patient. In a short review of the literature, possible pathogenetic mechanisms as well as diagnostic and therapeutic means are discussed. Although rare, IFP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of small bowel obstruction.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1993

The entire vasoactive intestinal polypeptide molecule is required for the activation of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor: functional and binding studies on opossum internal anal sphincter smooth muscle.

UNLABELLED: Because no significant information exists regarding the structure-activity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to gut smooth muscle, we performed functional studies in vitro on opossum internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle strips and supplemented them with binding studies to assess the ability of VIP, its fragments and analogs to inhibit [125I]VIP binding to IAS smooth muscle membranes. Binding of radiolabeled VIP to its receptor was specific, saturable and time- and temperature-dependent. Of all the substances tested, VIP was the most potent in causing a fall in the resting tension of the IAS and inhibiting [125I]VIP binding. VIP 2-28, VIP 10-28 and the putative VIP antagonists (1 x 10(-6) M) [4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP (VIP analog) and (N-Ac-Tyr1, D-Phe2)-growth hormone-releasing factor [GRF] (1-29)-NH2 (GRF analog) caused significant inhibition of [125I]VIP binding, but had only minimal effect on the resting tension of the IAS. VIP 9-18 and VIP 1-12 had neither any significant effect nor inhibition of receptor binding. The rank order of potencies for inhibition of binding was VIP > VIP analog > VIP 10-28 = VIP 2-28 > GRF analog > peptide histidine isoleucine > VIP 9-18. The IC50 values for VIP, VIP analog, VIP 10-28, VIP 2-28, GRF analog and peptide histidine isoleucine were 9.6 x 10(-9), 1.6 x 10(-7), 5.5 x 10(-7), 6.2 x 10(-7), 1.2 x 10(-6) and 1.2 x 10(-5) M, respectively. CONCLUSION: the full action of VIP is critically dependent upon the integrity of the entire VIP molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

[Preoperative reduction of intestinal bacteria through orthograde lavage of the large intestine].

The orthograde colon lavage, suggested by Crapp, is a new method for the preoperative preparation of the colon. On the day prior to surgery, the sitting patient receives for 4 h through a stomach probe, 101 of physiological saline solution warmed up to 37 degrees C. The result is a complete evacuation of the bowel. If a bactericidal antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity (neomycin) is added, the suppression of the microflora amounts to 92%. The regeneration of the intestinal flora could be observed after a few days. A complete evacuation of the colon is guaranteed by this procedure, so that all operations can be performed under optimal conditions. From the clinical as well as from the microbiological point of view this method is without any risk. -- The orthograde colon lavage is indicated in every case of colon, rectum and anal surgery, but it is contraindicated in patients with highly stenosing tumors.

Anal Canal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal bleeding from an ulcerated diverticulum of the small intestine. A clinical case].

A case of occult bleeding of the upper intestinal tract in a patient with secondary polycythaemia and aortic valve stenosis is described. Routine tests failed to disclose the origin of the bleeding and the patient's condition continued to deteriorate. On the 23rd day after admission, laparotomy was performed, and an ulcerated diverticulum diagnosed. Resection of the diverticulum was done immediately. The patient had an uneventful post-operative recovery and was dismissed from the hospital 15 days later. Our experience underscores the necessity for early laparotomy in cases of gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Properties of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide I and II receptors, vasoactive intestinal peptide1, and chimeric amino-terminal pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/vasoactive intestinal peptide1 receptors: evidence for multiple receptor states.

We analyzed the functional and binding properties of the "normal" pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (N-PACAP) type I, PACAP type II/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)1, and chimeric N-PACAP/VIP1 receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The binding properties of the three receptors were investigated using three radioiodinated tracers: 125I-VIP, 125I-PACAP-27, and 125I-PACAP-29 (125I-PACAP-27-Gly28,Lys29-amide). The three tracers labeled very different receptor densities; 125I-PACAP-29 labeled more receptors than either 125I-VIP or 125I-PACAP-27 in the three cell lines. Analysis of the competition curves suggested that the three tracers labeled in a different manner three PACAP I receptor states, two PACAP II/VIP1 receptor states, and three chimeric N-PACAP/VIP1 receptor states in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. The previously described PACAP1A and PACAP1B receptors, which differ by their affinities for PACAP-27 and PACAP-38, actually correspond to different PACAP I receptor states. The three receptors were able to increase adenylate cyclase activity when activated by PACAP-38, PACAP-27, or VIP. In contrast with the two parent receptors, the chimeric N-PACAP/VIP1 receptor was activated by PACAP-38 at lower concentrations than PACAP-27, suggesting that the amino-terminal and core receptor domains influence each other and that the conformation of one or both domains was altered in the chimeric compared with wild-type receptors. Comparison of the binding and functional properties of three clones expressing different chimeric N-PACAP/VIP1 receptors densities indicated that 125I-PACAP-29 was necessary to correctly estimate the receptor number and that 125I-PACAP-27 or 125I-VIP labeled only a fraction of the functional receptors. We suspect (but could not demonstrate) that this might also be true for PACAP I and PACAP II/VIP1 receptors.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morpho-functional adaptation and motility of the small intestine and colon after extensive intestinal exclusions].

Recent advances in anesthetic and surgical techniques have increased the survival of patients after extensive bowel exclusions. This, in addition to the increased use of intestinal bypass for the treatment of obesity, has substantially increased the number of persons living with a short bowel. Proper management of these individuals is based on a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of the shortened gastrointestinal tract.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Receptor autoradiographic evaluation of cholecystokinin, neurotensin, somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in gastro-intestinal adenocarcinoma samples: where are they really located?

Receptors for cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, neurotensin, somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are over-expressed in several human tumors, where they have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Since reports on the expression of these peptide receptors in primary gastric and colonic adenocarcinomas are either non-existent or conflicting, a detailed evaluation with particular emphasis on the tissue localization was undertaken. CCK-A, CCK-B, neurotensin, somatostatin and VIP receptors were localized by in vitro receptor autoradiography with iodinated radioligands on histological sections of surgical samples of 27 gastric and 25 colonic adenocarcinomas. CCK-A, CCK-B and neurotensin-1 receptors were found in a minority of both tumor types. Somatostatin receptors were found in 18/27 gastric and 2/25 colonic cancers. VIP receptors were found in 14/26 gastric and 23/25 colonic cancers; subtype characterization suggests VIP1 receptors. In addition, resected tumor samples contained non-malignant tissues (mucosa, smooth muscle, nerves or vessels) with high amounts of the various peptide receptors. Therefore, regulatory peptide receptors are expressed differentially in gastric and colonic cancers but also very frequently in "contaminating" non-malignant tissues. Since results using morphological techniques are superior to those using homogenates, we recommend that localization of these receptors to the tissues should always be attempted, to minimize receptor over-estimation in tumors and to prevent spurious results.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Synthetic human gastrin I and gastrin-like pentapeptide in studies of intestinal absorption in man. Role of gastrin in human intestinal absorption.

The effects of synthetic human gastric I (SHG I) and gastrin-like pentapeptide (PG) on jejunal water, electrolyte, and glucose absorption were studied in 11 normal subjects. The i.v. administration of graded doses of SHG I increased plasma gastrin levels similar to those after food intake and in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. SHG I and PG caused no significant changes in the net movement of water and solute. The findings indicate that gastrin has no direct effect on intestinal absorption in normal man, and does not account for the mechanism of diarrhea in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The intestinal diamine oxidase activity under the influence of adaptive proliferation of the intestinal mucosa--a proliferation terminating principle?

Under clinical conditions, intestinal mucosal hyperproliferation together with a reduced diamine oxidase (DAO) activity was found in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Therefore, we studied the influence on DAO activity of a regulated mucosal proliferation as obtained following partial small bowel resection in a rat model. A statistically significant, more than 4-fold elevation of the enzymic activity was observed during the first days after partial resection. At the peak of mucosal proliferation (8th. postoperative day) the DAO activity was significantly reduced by about 50% of the initial value. We suggest that the DAO may be involved in a negative feed-back control mechanism of mucosal proliferation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

Adequacy of mucosal biopsies for evaluation of intestinal cytokine-specific mRNA. Comparative study of RT-PCR in biopsies and isolated cells from normal and inflamed intestine.

Endoscopic biopsies are being increasingly utilized to investigate cytokine profiles in normal and diseased intestine. To evaluate the adequacy of mucosal biopsies as a source of cytokine-specific mRNA, we measured their content of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and compared it to that of autologous lamina propria mononuclear cells in control and inflammatory bowel disease-involved specimens. High-quality total RNA was recovered more consistently from cell isolates than from biopsies. Interleukin-1 beta mRNA was reliably detected in both cell and biopsy samples, whereas IL-2 mRNA was measurable in all lamina propria cells but not always in biopsies. Compared to controls, levels of IL-1 beta were significantly elevated in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis cells and biopsies, and a weak but significant correlation existed between values derived from the two sources. In contrast, only ulcerative colitis cell isolates but not biopsies contained significantly reduced concentrations of IL-2 mRNA compared to those of control and Crohn's disease samples, and no correlation was found between cell and biopsy contents. Widely different levels of cytokine-specific mRNA were present in closely adjacent biopsies, particularly for IL-2. These results suggest that mucosal biopsies are suitable to assess some but not all cytokine-specific mRNA due to variation in RNA recovery, intrinsic level of cytokine gene expression, and substantial variability of cytokine transcripts.

Adolescent↗