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PubMed1984

[Function of the adrenal cortex during elaboration of the passive avoidance conditioned reflex in immature rats].

Plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid (11-OHCS) levels were measured in 30-day-old rats by fluorometry during passive avoidance (PA) learning by means of a single electric footshock. In contrast to the data obtained in adult animals, pre-exposure of young rats for 7 days to the experimental environment (over 3 min daily) resulted in elevation of the basal 11-OHCS levels and in the lack of distinct changes in the hormonal background after placing the young rats into a chamber. As in previous experiments on adult rats, one day after PA learning the 11-OHCS levels were significantly lower in young rats displaying PA than in the animals which did not exhibit PA behavior. Five days after PA training these differences in adrenocortical reactivity disappeared, as was the case in adult animals.

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PubMed1982

[Adrenocortical activity in pigs in relation to nutrition, body weight mycobacteriosis and pre-slaughter stress].

In 115 pigs divided into 10 groups, with different nutrition levels or with experimentally evoked atypical mycobacteriosis, during the experiments or at slaughter the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) in blood plasma, relative weight of adrenal glands and liver were determined. The increase in adrenocortical function was proved in the cases when the body weight was significantly influenced by malnutrition, and then in the pigs at slaughter, even after relatively careful handling. No changes were found in the course of mycobacteriosis. The relative weight of adrenal glands in slaughtered pigs of lower body weight was higher than that in the pigs of the same age, but of higher body weight. On the other hand, the slaughtered pigs of higher body weights tended to have higher 11-OHCS concentrations. The prolonged stay of the pigs in slaughter houses before bleeding did not result in the increased 11-OHCS levels. The quality of meat was not affected.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphometric analysis of the glomeruli and juxtaglomerular apparatus of rat kidneys during the course of experimental hypokinesia].

In the hypokinetic study a certain correlation between variations in the means of the volume of cortical and juxtamedullary glomerules and the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus has been established. It is hypothesized that at early hypokinesia renal vascular changes are nonspecific. The phenomenon of renal excretion of fluids and electrolytes is explained in terms of a simultaneous increase in the reninangiotensin activity and 11-hydroxycorticosteroid content in plasma.

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PubMed1982

[Adrenal cortical function in elaborating a passive avoidance conditioned reflex in rats adapted to experimental conditions].

Fluorometry was used to determine the content of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-HCS) in the blood plasma of 2-month-old male rats in the course of passive avoidance learning by means of single electrocutaneous irritation (ECI) of the limbs. Pre-exposure of the animals for 7 days to experimental environment (over 3 min daily) led to a distinct reduction of the basal content of 11-HCS which returned to the initial level after adaptation discontinuance. One day after ECI the content of 11-HCS in rats which learned passive avoidance, was appreciably lower as compared to that in the animals which failed to learn the behavioral task. Five days after ECI the differences in the content of the corticosteroids in the animals of the two groups were little pronounced. It appears that while using passive avoidance as a long-term memory model, account should be taken of both the behavioral and emotional responses.

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PubMed1982

[Collagen metabolism in chronic electrical stimulation of the amygdaloid complex].

The content of adrenaline, noradrenaline, 11-hydroxycorticosteroids, free and bound hydroxyproline in the peripheral blood of rabbits and collagen metabolism in the aortal wall were studied under chronic electrostimulation of the amygdaloid complex. Electrostimulation of the lateral nucleus of the amygdaloid was shown to induce definite shifts in the content of adrenocortical hormones and leads to collagen metabolism activation that results in collagen accumulation by the aortal wall.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of calcium ions on adrenal glucocorticoid function].

In the experimental dogs and healthy humans it was shown that calcium ions promote activation of the adrenal glucocorticoids function, which duration is dependent on the day time. In patients the influence of calcium ions on the blood 11-hydroxycorticosteroid concentration is dependent on the initial steroid level and concentration of injected calcium chloride solution. The infusion of 1% calcium chloride solution exerted a stable effect. Possible mechanisms of the changes observed are discussed.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between hemodynamic changes and endogenous catecholamine release caused by a new antiarrhythmic agent, AB-2, in cats and dogs.

An antiarrhythmic agent, AB-2, given iv produced in cats and dogs a biphasic action on blood pressure: rapid and short-lasting hypertension followed by depression of blood pressure. The first phase was accompanied by a sharp rise of serum catecholamines (6-fold increase in adrenaline, and 4.5-fold increase in noradrenaline level) and of indices of left ventricular contractility. These effects were more pronounced in cats than in dogs. In cats, but not dogs, the biphasic effect was observed also after po administration. The elevated endogenous catecholamine release was not accompanied by an increase in plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids levels.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of hyperoxia combined with hydrocortisone administration on respiration of rat brain mitochondria].

After exposure of rats in oxygen atmosphere under pressure of 3 kgs/cm2 within 2 hrs phosphorylating respiration, respiratory control and the ratio ADP/O were decreased, while time of phosphorylation was increased in mitochondria of brain cortex. Content of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids was increased in blood plasma. Reaction of adrenal cortex to hyperbaric oxygenation was inhibited, if hydrocortisone was administered into animals within 1 hr before the treatment; in this case the patterns of mitochondrial function studied were similar to normal values.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Kidney function and the glucocorticoid activity of the adrenal cortex during immersion].

The paper presents the study of renal and adrenal function in six normal men during and after 3-day water immersion used as weightlessness simulation. The renal excretion of fluid, basic electrolytes, creatinine and total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-HOCS) for 24 hours and following a provocative water-load test (20 ml/kg) was measured. During the first post-immersion day diuresis increased by 77%, excretion of sodium by 42%, 17-HOCS by 43% and creatinine by 34% as compared to the pre-immersion level. Potassium excretion remained essentially unchanged. The circadian rhythm of excretion of the above substances was normal: at night the excretion decreased and in the morning increased noticeably. The study of renal function and adrenal activity was carried out 56 hours after the beginning of water immersion, using a provocative water-load test. Water excretory and osmoregulatory functions of kidneys, and glucocorticoid activity of adrenals remained normal. These data give evidence that during a 60 hour exposure to water immersion no functional hypocorticism develops.

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PubMed1994

Formestane: effective therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.

Aromatase inhibitors are a useful therapeutic option in the management of endocrine-dependent advanced breast cancer. Formestane (Lentaron) is the first irreversible aromatase inhibitor to be extensively investigated. In a phase II study to determine the effects of formestane on serum estradiol and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) levels and to evaluate its clinical activity, 72 postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were given formestane 250 mg intramuscularly every 2 weeks. Of 66 patients fully evaluable, 56 were estrogen receptor (ER) positive, and 43 had a disease-free interval > or = 2 years. Metastases were assessable in soft tissue (53%), bone (53%) and viscera (47%); 34 patients had 1, 32 had > or = 2 metastatic lesions. Serum estradiol levels fell significantly (p < 0.01) after 2 weeks and remained unchanged thereafter, whereas urinary 17-OHCS levels did not change during treatment. Objective responses were obtained in 19 patients (29%), of whom 8 had complete response. In relation to disease sites, similar responses were obtained in soft tissue (33%) and viscera (30%), whereas response in bone was 18%. The overall tolerability of formestane was satisfactory, and only two patients complained of local side effects. We conclude that formestane is an effective aromatase inhibitor in postmenopausal patients with hormone-dependent breast cancer, and does not interfere with adrenal steroidogenesis.

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PubMed1994

[Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of antioxidants in lung tuberculosis].

The experiment on 120 non-inbred albino rats with induced pulmonary destructive tuberculosis has established that the antiinflammatory action of the antioxidant dibunol is displayed through changes in the ratio of biologically active 11-hydroxycorticosteroids--free hydrocortisone and corticosterone.

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PubMed1994

Psychological effects of bed rest in young healthy subjects.

In order to evaluate the effect of immobilization during bed rest on mental health, we performed psychosomatic investigations of 6 young males and 3 young females before, during and after 20 days bed rest. The psychological state was repeatedly assessed by measuring the following indices: 1) Zung's self-rating depression scale, 2) Cornell medical index, and 3) the General Health Questionnaire. Zung's self-rating depression scale is a measure of the state of depression, while Cornell medical index and the General Health Questionnaire are utilized for detection of neurosis. Although no influence of bedrest on Cornell medical index was seen, Zung's self-rating depression scale and the General Health Questionnaire displayed a tendency to development of depression and neuroses, respectively. This tendency had disappeared 2 months after the bed rest study. Both Zung's self-rating depression scale and the General Health Questionnaire may be appropriate indices to evaluate the effects of relatively short-term psychological stress due to bed rest. The urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid was used as an indicator of endocrine stress factors, but no significant variation due to bed rest was seen. We concluded that there is a need for further studies combining physiological research with psychosomatic investigations.

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PubMed1996

Using outdoor exercise to decrease jet lag in airline crewmembers.

The effects of outdoor exercise on urinary excretion of the 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS), catecholamine rhythm, and sleep-wake patterns in cockpit crewmembers were investigated before, during and after jet travel between Tokyo and Los Angeles (8-h time difference). On the day following arrival at Los Angeles (day 3) 5 crewmembers exercised outdoors for about 5 h (exercise group, aged 47.2 +/- 6.8 yr), and 5 others volunteered to remain in their rooms and go shopping after the flight (control group, aged 47.4 +/- 1.5 yr). The timing of the acrophase of the 17-OHCS rhythm and sleep-wake patterns showed similar patterns of advance in the two groups on the day of arrival in Los Angeles (day 2) compared with that at baseline (B) in Tokyo. In the exercise group, the acrophase of the 17-OHCS rhythm tended to be delayed on day 3, and then phase-advanced on the day following outdoor exercise (day 4). The timing of acrophase of the 17-OHCS rhythm and sleep-wake patterns showed gradual delay on days 3-4 in the control group, and a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed between the groups for the acrophase of 17-OHCS rhythm on day 4. These results suggest that outdoor exercise has some effects in hastening the resynchronization to a new environment of the circadian rhythm of the urinary 17-OHCS excretion.

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PubMedDate not supplied

The value of the dehydroepiandrosterone-annexed vitamin C infusion treatment in the clinical control of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). I. A Pilot study of the new vitamin C infusion treatment with a volunteer CFS patient.

A series of publications from our laboratory have indicated that the practice of megadose vitamin C drip infusion treatment enhanced the activity of endogenous glucocorticoids in such a way as to improve the clinical course of allergy and autoimmune disease-a disease entity that is known to respond to the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids. The present paper represents an extention of our vitamin C studies, and intends to investigate the problem whether or not chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), an acquired immunodeficiency disease, can also be counted as one of the candidate diseases for the vitamin C infusion treatment. We prepared two kinds of vitamin C infusion sets for the clinical use: the dehydroepiandrosterone-annexed vitamin C infusion set (the new set) and the annex-free vitamin C infusion set (the old set). The new set was expected to enhance the endogenous activities of both glucocorticoids and gonadal steroids. We followed the clinical course of a male CFS patient using the old and new vitamin C infusion sets, and with and without the oral intake of erythromycin and chloramphenico. Results obtained are as follows: a) the observation period of a study subject covered a period of August 1995 to May 1996. Combination of pneumonia signs and dermatomyositis signs marked the onset of his CFS. b) Old infusion treatment together with the short term antibiotics treatment was found effective for the control of pneumonia in the first stage of the disease (from August to October, 1995). c) Signs of pneumonia recurrence gradually became eminent in the second stage of disease (from November, 1995, to January, 1996) in spite of the moderate frequency of the old treatment together with stepwise prolongation of the antibiotics treatment. d) The alternate practice of the old and new infusion treatments together with the long-term antibiotics treatment, as conducted in the 3rd stage of disease (from February to May, 1996) led to substantial extinction of pneumonia signs (leucocytosis, tachycardia etc). e) The practice of the new infusion treatment markedly increased the excretion of both 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in the urine. Evidence was also available to indicate that the dehydroepiandrosterone annex was converted to testosterone, which in turn made a contribution to the control of CFS. f) The immunological survey of lymphocyte subsets including NK cell percent failed to find a coherent change in a study subject with CFS. In conclusion, the above results could be taken as evidence to indicate that the new vitamin C infusion treatment effectuates the clinical control of CFS by fortifying the endogenous activities of both cortisol and testosterone. The significance of parallelism between pulmonary infection and CFS, as observed in the clinical course of the test subject, was discussed in the light of the focal infection theory of nephritis.

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PubMed1977

Removal of interference by erythromycin, phenazopyridine, and methenamine mandelate in the Porter-Silber reaction.

Erythromycin, phenazopyridine, methenamine mandelate, acetazolamide, and ascorbic acid reportedly interfere with the Porter-Silber reaction in the determination of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Sodium bisulfite, added to the urine after hydrolysis with glucuronidase, removed almost all nonsteroidal interferences in urine from healthy adults medicated with the first three drugs, but such studies proved that acetazolamide and ascorbic acid do not interfere with the Porter--Silber reaction, whether or not sodium bisulfite is added.

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PubMed1996

[Circadian rhythm of cortisol in patients after reconstruction surgery of the esophagus using various intestinal segments for transplantation].

The authors determined the circadian rhythm of cortisol expressed as blood 11-hydroxycorticosteroid level (11 OHCS) in group of healthy subjects and in 3 groups of patients after the formation of an artificial oesophagus from the jejunum, large intestine and ileum and caecum. In all examined patients the normal circadian rhythm of 11 OHCS was maintained. In patients with oesophagus made up of jejunum and large intestine mean level 11 OHCS in blood was insignificantly higher in comparison with a group healthy subjects. In group patients with the oesophagus made up of ileum and caecum the 11 OHCS level in blood was significantly lower in comparison to the group of healthy subjects and to patients with oesophagus made up of jejunum and large intestine.

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PubMed1997

Pharmacokinetic interaction of fluconazole and zidovudine in HIV-positive patients.

To investigate the interaction of fluconazole and zidovudine in HIV-positive non-smoking male patients with AIDS categorized as CDC group IV we studied two groups, each consisting of 10 male, non-smoking, HIV-positive patients with CDC group IV disease, with the patients in the first group additionally suffering from candida esophagitis. In the first group, the pharmacokinetics of 500 mg oral zidovudine were determined both before and after 7 days of treatment with fluconazole 400 mg/d. In the second group, the pharmacokinetics of 200 mg oral fluconazole were determined before and after 14 days of treatment with zidovudine 4 x 250 mg/d. In order to determine the microsomal enzyme activity, the 6-beta-hydroxycortisol/17-hydroxycorticosteroid ratio and antipyrine pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. 6-beta-hydroxycortisol was quantitated by RIA. The 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were determined by a colorimetric method. Zidovudine (ZDV) and zidovudine glucuronide (GZDV), and the fluconazole and antipyrine plasma and urine concentrations were measured by HPLC. Administration of fluconazole resulted in a significant increase in the half-life of zidovudine and antipyrine (0.97 +/- 0.17 h prior to vs. 1.11 +/- 0. 14 h after fluconazole administration and 11.9 +/- 1.9 h prior to vs. 13.7 +/- 3.0 h after fluconazole, respectively) while the 6-beta-hydroxycortisol excretion decreased significantly (472.3 +/- 80.6 microg/24 h before and 340.6 +/- 82.1 microg/24 h after administration of fluconazole). No changes were found in the GZDV plasma kinetics and the ZDV and GZDV urinary excretion. Treatment with ZDV did not have any impact on the half-life of fluconazole. Administration of zidovudine did, however, result in a significant reduction in antipyrine half-life (11.7 +/- 2.0 h before vs. 9.9 +/- 2.3h after ZDV) and a significant increase in 6-beta-hydroxycortisol excretion (438,7 +/- 138.2 microg/24 h before and 684.6 +/- 157.3 microg/24 h after ZDV). Since the antipyrine clearance is altered after administration of ZDV, it is assumed that zidovudine induces cytochrome P450 enzymes. This effect, however, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole. High doses of fluconazole can inhibit the plasma elimination of both antipyrine and zidovudine, but the extent of this inhibitory effect is so small that no clinically relevant accumulation is to be expected.

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PubMed1998

[17-KS sulfate as a biomarker in psychosocial stress].

We found an association between low levels of 17-Ketosteroid Sulfates (17-KS-S) in subjects under psychosocial stress. Stress associated with overwork and lack of sleep resulted in decreased levels of 17-KS-S and an increase in 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) levels. Alleviation of stress condition was associated with a restoration of the ratio of 17-KS-S/17-OHCS resulting from a slow increase in 17-KS-S and a decrease in 17-OHCS. In subjects with severe mental stress the ratio of 17-KS-S/17-OHCS showed markedly reduced values with a transient marked increase in 17-OHCS. There was a decrease in the levels of 17-KS-S in depressives, which was more pronounced during severe depression. There was no significant difference in 17-OHCS levels. In a cohort experiencing bereavement, there was a reduction in the levels of 17-KS-S, which remained low for about 50 days. With time, the level of 17-KS-S returned to the basal level established prior to spousal death. In this case, there was no significant change in the levels of 17-OHCS. Persistent severe stress over several months in a physician, led to a Herpes Zoster outbreak and Arrhythmia, resulting in hospital admission. The levels of 17-KS-S gradually decreased over this time reaching 1/3 of the normal baseline value, while 17-OHCS levels remained within normal ranges. These results suggest that measurement of 17-KS-S is indispensable for current research on psychosocial stress.

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