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PubMedDate not supplied

[Detection of the antigens of the virus of Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever by solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis and by the indirect hemagglutination reaction].

From a batch of immunoglobulin to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, an immunosorbent and a conjugate with peroxidase (RZ-2.7) for solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as well as erythrocyte diagnostic preparation for indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) were obtained. Direct EIA and IHA were used to study the time course of accumulation of virus antigen in brain tissue of newborn white mice. Antigen titres by EIA were 4-8 times as low as by IHA. No functional relationship was found between antibody titres and those of infectious virus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Production and testing of lyophilized standard preparation for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection by the indirect hemagglutination test].

A method for production of a reference lyophilized preparation for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia infections in the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test has been developed. The method is based on conjugation using bi-diasotized benzidine of acrolein-treated sheep erythrocytes and ultrasonicated whole Mycoplasma antigen. After lyophilization the diagnostic preparation retained its standard properties for 1.5 years (the observation period). The sensitivity of the preparation in detection of antibody exceeded those of the CFT and the metabolism inhibition (MI) test 16--64-fold and the specificity was as good as in these tests. The diagnostic value of the preparation in the IHA was 78.1%, in the CFT--64.7%. As compared with the CFT and the MI test, the IHA with Mycoplasma diagnostic preparation is simple and reproducible.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Monoclonal antibodies as functional probes of the HN glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus: antigenic separation of the hemagglutinating and neuraminidase sites.

A panel of nine monoclonal antibodies has been used to construct a functional inhibition profile of four antibody-binding sites previously delineated on the HN glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus. Antibodies to all four sites are capable of neutralizing infectivity and inhibiting hemolysis and neuraminidase activity with fetuin. There is a good correlation between the fractions of infectivity and neuraminidase activity which survive antibody treatment. However, the inhibition of hemolysis is in the inverse relative order of the neutralization of infectivity. Antibodies to sites 1 and 2 are capable of inhibiting hemagglutination, whereas only antibodies to site 2 can inhibit neuraminidase activity on the smaller substrate N-acetyl neuraminlactose. This antigenically separates the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sites on the HN glycoprotein. We used these functional inhibition studies to speculate about the location of the four antigenic sites relative to the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Avidity criteria in assessing the functional activity of antigens, antibodies and non-specific serum inhibitors on a model of the kinetic reaction of hemagglutination suppression with arboviruses].

The functional activity of some arboviruses of groups A and B, of the antibodies and serum inhibitors was studied on a model of the kinetic hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) by different avidity criteria (velocity, completeness and stability of formation of a neutral complex). The avidity indices of the antigens, antibodies and the inhibitors proved to depend on the group, species and strain peculiarities of the arboviruses, the method of preparation of the antigen, the biological species of the donor of the immune and normal blood sera, the method of treatment of the sera and a number of other factors. There proved to be no constan-correlation between the avidity of the strain and the avidity of the serum immune to it. Inhibitors of the normal rabbit and human sera were not less effective in comparison with the specific antibodies to a number of viral strains of tick-borne encephalitis and Japanese encephaliti or even exceeded them by the avidity indices to the antigens in the HAI test. The most active (functionally) strains can be recommended for obtaining high-quality viral (antigenic and serum) preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Assessment of the degree of antibody avidity in food toxinfections of salmonellal etiology using the indirect hemagglutination inhibition reaction].

The authors studied the avidity of antibodies in the sera obtained from 56 patients suffering from salmonelloses, the causative agents of which were referred to groups B, C1, C2, E. Determinations were carried out in the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test. It was shown that the mentioned test could be used to assess the extent of the serum antibodies avidity. Age-specific avidities of the serum antibodies were revealed in patients suffering from salmonella infections during the infectious process. There was found an insignificant prevalance of the antibody avidity in the patients with the forms of the disease of moderate severity and severe. In the patients with salmonelloses of group B the antibodies proved to be the most avid.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect hemagglutination test for quantitating antibody responses in chickens against Pasteurella multocida.

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure humoral antibody responses of chickens against Pasteurella multocida. A standard indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test was used to compare serologic results with those of ELISA. The ELISA was also used following challenge with P. multocida to compare the efficacy of three commercial fowl cholera vaccination regimens. Although antibody titers measured by ELISA and IHA were highly correlated, ELISA was at least twice as sensitive as IHA. Antibody measured by ELISA and IHA also correlated significantly with protection against P. multocida challenge. No mortality occurred in any of the three vaccinated challenged groups. However, control unvaccinated chickens experimentally infected with P. multocida developed signs of acute pasteurellosis and died by the 10th day post-challenge. Impression smears made of hepatic tissue from all chickens were stained (Wright's stain), and typical bipolar rods characteristic of Pasteurella were identified in smears from unvaccinated challenged controls only.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Standardization and stability of reagents for the titration of anti-tetanus antibodies by means of the passive hemagglutination technic].

The evaluation of the antitetanus immunity in human sera is of primary importance for the carrying out of an adequate prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus. Tetan Test is a diagnostic kit for the titration of the antitetanus antibodies, by means of the passive hemagglutination technique. Tetan Test is examined under the point of view of the preparation techniques and the process and final controls which warrant the quality and the standardization of the product itself. The stability of Tetan Test, after storage at the temperatures: 67 degrees C, 52 degrees C, 37 degrees C, 22 degrees C is evaluated. The excellent results obtained allow the use of the product also in hot climates, in developing countries, where the storage at the advised temperatures is not possible.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

[Use of the indirect hemagglutination test in the study of ornithosis. I. Hemosensitizing activity of ornithosis phosphlipid antigen and a method of performing tests with it].

A possibility was shown of using the phospholipid group-specific antigen of the ornitosis causative agent in the capacity of a hemosensitin for conducting the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT). There was revealed a direct proportional relationship between the sensitizing activity and the complement fixing properties of the antigens obtained. A method of sorption of this antigen on the tannin-treated erythrocytes and the optimal parameters of conducting the test with it were elaborated. A sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity of the IHAT was revealed as a result of parallel titration of hetero-and homologous sera in the complement fixation test and in the IHAT. The suggested test can be successfully used for the diagnosis of ornithosis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

[Determination of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in the serum of newborn infants using a standardized hemagglutination inhibition test (the FDP kit)].

By means of the standardised hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay "FDP-Kit" the serum-concentration of fibrin-fibrinogen-split products (FSP) was measured in the cord blood of 36 healthy mature newborns and in the venous blood of 91 mature and immature healthy newborns within the first 5 days of life. The mean values and the values of the upper 95%-confidence limit were calculated. Furthermore determinations were done in the venous blood of 42 diseased newborns (bacterial infections, hyaline membranes, haemorrhage, postpartal shock) was examined. FSP-serum-concentrations higher than 11 micrograms/ml were observed only in ill newborns, concentrations higher than 20 micrograms/ml are reliably pathological values.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of test conditions on Newcastle disease hemagglutination-inhibition titers.

Replicate samples of serum from chickens immune to Newcastle disease were titrated to determine the influence of certain test conditions on hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) titers. The test conditions studied were those most likely to vary in normal laboratory operations. The most marked effect on magnitude of HI titers was incubation time of twofold serum dilutions in antigen-saline; the average titer increase after incubation of the serum-antigen mixture for 1 hr at 37 C was log2 2.3 (fivefold). Twofold increases in virus concentration of the antigen-saline diluent caused an average titer reduction of log2 0.8. Shifts in HI titers were only minor with twofold changes in erythrocyte concentration (log2 0.3), with variations of test reading times from 0.5 to 2.0 hr (log2 0.1), and with variations in the period between preparation of the initial 1:10 serum dilution in antigen-saline and the subsequent serum dilutions (log2 0.3).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Detection of circulating immune complexes in cutaneous disease using a monoclonal rheumatoid factor hemagglutination method.

A monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) hemagglutination (HA) assay for the detection of circulating immune complexes is described. In this assay, human red blood cells coated with mRF were reacted in microtiter and, in the presence of circulating immune complexes, were agglutinated. Titers were determined and results were compared to a mRF inhibition (solid phase) radioassay (mRF-Inh). Serum samples [141] from patients with a variety of cutaneous diseases [78], systemic lupus erythematosus [19], rheumatoid arthritis [21] and normals [23] were tested by both methods. Eighty-four samples were positive by mRF-Inh and 75 mRF-HA. Seventy of the serum samples were positive by both methods for an overall correlation of 87%. When sucrose density gradient fractions were tested by both methods, results obtained by mRF-HA correlated with those obtained by mRF-Ihh in all patients studied. This procedure may be adapted for routine laboratory use and thus circumvents the need for costly equipment and hazardous radioactive materials.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1978

[Indirect hemagglutination test for detection of toxoplasma antibodies (author's transl)].

A micromethod with stable reagents for the simple and rapid detection of toxoplasma antibodies with the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) is presented. The results obtained with this method are compared with the titers in the dye test and complement-fixation test and with two IHAT-kits recently offered by commercial firms. We propose to use the IHAT as a supplementary reaction to the methods commonly in use. The relationship between the Sabin-Feldman dye test and IHAT is dependent upon the stage of infection. A very good agreement is obtained with latent toxoplasma infections. On the contrary with some new infections (up to 6 months) the IHAT titer is clearly lower than the dye test titer. This discrepancy opens the possibility of determining the infection stage with a single serum-sample.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1982

Diagnosis of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis by an antiglobulin hemagglutination test.

An antiglobulin hemagglutination test was developed for detection of antibody directed to Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. The substances responsible for spontaneous agglutination of erythrocytes were removed from histoplasmin and blastomycin by vacuum dialysis, and partial purification of the antigens by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-150 allowed removal of additional nonantigenic material which competed with the antigens for binding on the erythrocyte surface. The test was sensitive enough to detect antibodies in sera which were negative by complement fixation, immunodiffusion, or both, but it failed to discriminate reliably between antibody directed to H capsulatum and antibody directed to B dermatitidis. Erythrocytes sensitized with partially purified blastomycin produced some false-positive reactions with normal canine sera; this was corrected by diluting the antigen before sensitization of the erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Detection of morphine in urine by hemagglutination inhibition, with use of lyophilized reagents.

We describe a modified test of hemagglutination inhibition for the detection of morphine in urine, similar to the well-known test for pregnancy. The reaction takes place in test tubes or ampoules containing carefully matched amounts of lyophilized morphine antiserum and tanned human erythrocytes coated with morphine conjugated to rat serum albumin. The reagents are reconstituted by adding 100 microL of urine and 400 microL of water, and the result is read after 60 min. The detection limit, tested with the method of Gorodetzky (Clin Chem 19:753, 1973), was about 200 ng of total morphine per milliliter of urine. For more than 2000 samples, results by our test agreed satisfactorily with those obtained by an accepted RIA method. The test is suitable for rapid screening in field work, monitoring subjects during detoxication, and use in nonspecialized laboratories. Confirmatory analysis is needed for quantitative measurements, forensic purposes, and discrimination between morphine and cross-reacting opiates.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1981

Determination of botulinum toxin type by the reaction of indirect hemagglutination inhibition.

Results of investigations are reported which confirm the possibility of in vitro serological determination of the types of botulinus toxins and tracing the antigen mosaic of the preparations containing mixtures of soluble antigens of these toxins. This possibility has been opened by an appropriate combination in the arrangement of the reaction of inhibition of the antigenic indirect hemagglutination.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

Early pregnancy testing: a comparison of hemagglutination inhibition and radioreceptor assay.

Two methods of early pregnancy testing, Neocept hemagglutination inhibition assay, and Biocept-G radioreceptor assay, were compared using 508 female patients from whom both urine and serum specimens were submitted for routine testing. A conventional urine HAI test was also used to support results. Neocept and biocept-G were found to be equally effective, detecting 98% and 96% respectively of pregnant patients. Laboratory personnel determined the HAI methods to be simpler and more convenient, consuming less time and requiring less overhead.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Indirect hemagglutination with PPD in cerebrospinal fluid for the tuberculous meningoencephalitis.

Reliability of indirect hemagglutination test was evaluated with PPD in CSF for the diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculous meningoencephalitis. The test was positive 100 percent in 22 patients with this disease and negative in 53 patients from the control group (p = 0.001) with viral or pyogenic infection in the CNS. No correlation was observed between antibody titers and the prognosis of the disease. Modifications of the original technique are described.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗