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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Water 1H spin-lattice relaxation as a fingerprint of porous media.

The 1H spin-lattice relaxation curves of water in samples of natural porous media can be thought of as "fingerprints" of the porous samples. Also the whole of traditional petrophysical properties (permeability, irreducible water saturation, etc.) can be thought of as "fingerprints" of the porous samples. The characteristics of the pore space determine on one hand the relaxation curve shape, and on the other the petrophysical properties. The understanding of this correspondence can contribute to a better definition of the concept of the architecture of a porous medium. At this purpose we have obtained 1H spin-lattice relaxation curves from a collection of standard sandstone cores of known petrophysical properties and characterized by the same surface properties. The results corroborate the idea that the structure of relaxation curves contains information on the distance scale and on the architecture of the pore space, even if it is difficult to extract it without ambiguities. Different methods of curve fitting were performed and compared with the aim of getting the maximum information from the relaxation curves. Several aspects of this kind of investigation indicate the analogies between 1H response of water confined in porous media and in biological tissues.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed2005

Analysis of polyphenols in wines: correlation between total polyphenolic content and antioxidant potential from photometric measurements. Prediction of cultivars and vintage from capillary zone electrophoresis fingerprints using artificial neural network.

The polyphenols (some of them are also called phytoalexins, flavonols, flavanons, flavanonols, flavons, flavanols, and anthocyanines) are usually marked as potent antioxidants or radical scavengers which assist the body cells against oxidation. Polyphenols in wine are also considered to explain so called French paradox (long life aging and low number of coronary diseases despite of high alcohol and fat consumption). The total polyphenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant potential (TAP) were determined by photometry and found strongly correlated. This finding suggests that the determination of TAP can be replaced by a more simple procedure of TPC determination. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with preconcentration by solid phase extraction (SPE) was applied for some polyphenols determination and for obtaining electropherograms of the SPE extracts (fingerprints). From mathematical evaluation of the fingerprints, prediction of cultivars and vintage using artificial neural networks (ANN) was done with more than 90% correct prediction. The study was performed on a set of 47 samples of young wines (vintage 1999-2002) from south Moravia (Czech Republic) and New South Wales (Australia).

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2005

Chemometric treatment of vanillin fingerprint chromatograms. Effect of different signal alignments on principal component analysis plots.

This study describes the chemometric treatment of vanillin fingerprint chromatograms to distinguish vanillin from different sources. Prior to principal component analysis, which is used to discriminate vanillin from different origins, the fingerprints are aligned. Three alignment algorithms are tested, correlation optimized warping (COW), target peak alignment (TPA) and semi-parametric time warping (STW). The performance of the three algorithms is evaluated and the effect of the different alignments on the PCA score plots is investigated. The alignment obtained with STW differs somewhat from that with COW and TPA. However, equivalent score plots were obtained regarding the different vanillin groups.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Development of high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint for the quality control of Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf.

A novel, accurate and valid fingerprint method was developed by using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) to control the quality of Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. By comprehensively comparing chromatograms of all samples, our result revealed that the chromatographic fingerprint we developed combining similarity evaluation could efficiently identify and distinguish raw materials of R. tanguticum from different sources. Besides, 21 characteristic peaks in chromatogram of R. tanguticum were unambiguously confirmed by comparison of reference compounds based on their retention time (t(R)) and UV spectra.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2006

Increase diagnostic efficacy by combined use of fingerprint markers in mass spectrometry--plasma peptidomes from nasopharyngeal cancer patients for example.

OBJECTIVES: There is no plasma marker for detecting nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). We developed a bead-based affinity fractionated proteomic method to search potential plasma markers for NPC. DESIGN AND METHODS: Affinity purification of heparinized plasma with Cu-chelated beads and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis were used to screen potential NPC markers. We compiled MS protein profiles for 47 patients with NPC and compared them to profiles from 28 healthy controls. The spectra were statistically analyzed using flexAnalysis and ClinProt bioinformatics software. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by determination of the assay sensitivity and specificity of each marker. RESULTS: Twelve mass fingerprint markers differing between cancer and control spectra were found. The sensitivities of these NPC markers are various ranging from 36% to 83%, and the specificities were all over 90%. Combine use of these markers significantly increases diagnostic efficacy. In which, the combined markers (2020 Da and 4635 Da) possess best discriminator with high sensitivity (94%) and specificity (93%). We further identify a C3 fragment, C3f, that may serve as a biomarker for NPC. CONCLUSION: The combined use of mass fingerprint markers in plasma proteome will enhance diagnostic efficacy for NPC. This method can be applied to search for novel plasma markers for cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Similarity-based virtual screening using 2D fingerprints.

This paper summarizes recent work at the University of Sheffield on virtual screening methods that use 2D fingerprint measures of structural similarity. A detailed comparison of a large number of similarity coefficients demonstrates that the well-known Tanimoto coefficient remains the method of choice for the computation of fingerprint-based similarity, despite possessing some inherent biases related to the sizes of the molecules that are being sought. Group fusion involves combining the results of similarity searches based on multiple reference structures and a single similarity measure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach to screening, and also describe an approximate form of group fusion, turbo similarity searching, that can be used when just a single reference structure is available.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed2004

Fingerprint image enhancement by differential hysteresis processing.

A new method to enhance defective fingerprints images through image digital processing tools is presented in this work. When the fingerprints have been taken without any care, blurred and in some cases mostly illegible, as in the case presented here, their classification and comparison becomes nearly impossible. A combination of spatial domain filters, including a technique called differential hysteresis processing (DHP), is applied to improve these kind of images. This set of filtering methods proved to be satisfactory in a wide range of cases by uncovering hidden details that helped to identify persons. Dactyloscopy experts from Policia Federal Argentina and the EAAF have validated these results.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed2004

Small particle reagents technique can help to point out wet latent fingerprints.

SPR is a technique performed to detect latent fingerprints left on wet surfaces, based upon the reaction between the fatty components present in the traces and hydrophobic tails of the specific reagents. These tails are linked to a hydrophilic head, which reacts with metal salt to give a white or black precipitate. The literature reports that it is possible identifying latent fingerprints with cyanoacrylate fuming procedure, after drying the surface, but you cannot always do it. In the present report we want to show a casework that can concern a find completely dust covered.

Carbonates↗
PubMed2005

Determination of the hand from single digit fingerprint: a study of whorls.

In this investigation 400 bilateral rolled fingerprints of Punjabi Jat males have been examined for the determination of the hand from single digit fingerprint from whorl patterns. Direction of the flow of the apex ridges, rotation of centrally circular ridges, angles between the core and the delta, ridge tracing, ridge counting and the position of the perpendiculars drawn between the delta and the core are useful for establishing in most of the cases the hand and finger involved from the fingers having whorl pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Rapid identification of stress-related fingerprint from whole bacterial cells of Bifidobacterium lactis using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Whole cells of Bifidobacterium lactis were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Characteristic and reproducible mass spectra were obtained in the mass range from 6 to 19 kDa. After several days of bacterial cell storage at 4 degrees C (D0, D2, and D6), only minor signal differences were observed. Under identical and reproducible conditions, fourteen relevant diagnostic ions were identified. Moreover, control- and stress-related fingerprints were rapidly obtained using MALDI-TOFMS by comparison of protein patterns obtained from non-stressed (control) versus stressed cells (addition of bile salts during growth). After quantitative validation of the MALDI-MS data by a statistical approach, two and eight signals were assigned as control- and stress-specific ions, respectively. This work provides the evidence that MALDI-TOFMS can be used for the identification of stress-related fingerprint of B. lactis bacterial cells and could have a high potential for the assessment of the physiological status of the cells.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed2005

Algorithm for accurate similarity measurements of peptide mass fingerprints and its application.

We present a simple algorithm which allows accurate estimates of the similarity between peptide fingerprint mass spectra from matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) spectrometers. The algorithm, which is a combination of mass correlation and intensity rank correlation, was used to cluster similar spectra and to generate consensus spectra from a data store of more than 100,000 spectra. The resulting first spectra library of 1248 unambiguously identified different protein digests was used to search for missed cleavage patterns that have not been reported so far and to shed light on some peptide ionization characteristics. The findings of this study could be directly implemented in peptide mass fingerprint search algorithms to decrease the false positive error rate to <0.25%. Furthermore, the results contribute to the understanding of the peptide ionization process in MALDI experiments.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Qualitative and quantitative proteomics by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, peptide mass fingerprint and a chemically-coded affinity tag (CCAT).

The chemically-coded affinity tag (CCAT) method combines standard electrophoresis protocols with MALDI-TOF-MS analysis to identify and quantify protein abundances in complex samples in one step. This method is designed to fit into the workflow of SDS-PAGE or two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) only requiring basic proteome laboratory equipment. Prior to electrophoresis two protein samples are separately labelled with a heavy or a light version of the CCAT reagent via reduced cysteines in the proteins. Equal amounts are then combined and electrophoretically separated. Proteins can then be excised from the gel to obtain their peptide mass fingerprint by mass spectrometry. This fingerprint enabled not only identification, but also quantification by comparing relative peak intensities of CCAT-labelled peptides. In this article, we display how the CCAT method can be used to analyse two protein samples in one gel and that the peak intensities of labelled peptides reflect the abundance of a protein in it.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed2005

The study of fingerprint characteristics of the emanations from human arm skin using the original sampling system by SPME-GC/MS.

An efficient and noninvasive method consisting of an original sampling device, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to analyze volatile organic emanations from the skin of human arms. The emanations were sampled by SPME connected with the active sampling device for 30 min and transferred into GC-MS immediately for the consequent analysis. The sampling projects for 15 candidates were scheduled in both winter and spring with the same optimized conditions. Thirty-five compounds were finally identified according to various degrees of certainty. Different emission behaviors specified with principal component analysis (PCA) and similar fingerprint characteristics were observed clearly by comparisons of chromatograms of different seasons. Top ten emanations contributing to characteristics in different seasons were attempted to be described using comparisons based on common model strategy. The large amounts of experimental data were all handled by the corresponding chemometrics strategies with the homemade chromatographic data processing system. The results suggest that the analysis based on fingerprint characteristics of human skin emanations could provide useful and important clues to reveal biomarkers among the mixture of human skin emanations.

Alcohols↗
PubMed2006

The study on the chromatographic fingerprint of Fructus xanthii by microwave assisted extraction coupled with GC-MS.

The chromatographic fingerprint of Fructus xanthii, a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), was studied by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The optimized conditions of MAE were examined. The method of MAE was evaluated in contrast to heat reflux extraction (HRE) method and by the validation tests of precision and repeatability. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of retention time and peak area of each component were less than 0.2% and 6%, respectively. Twenty-five different batches of samples collected from different producing areas and the toasting process of F. xanthii were studied. The characteristic differences in the producing areas and the chemical variances in the toasting process were obtained and studied by principal components analysis (PCA) and similarity analysis. The trends of main varying components were attempted to be described in order to specify the related pharmacology and toxicology in crude and toasted samples. The results suggest that the chromatographic fingerprint developed by MAE coupled with GC-MS provides useful information to reveal the quality of F. xanthii and evaluate the quality changes in the producing process.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗
PubMed2004

Proteomic fingerprinting of HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages: a preliminary report.

Mononuclear phagocytes (MP; blood monocytes, alveolar, lymph node, and brain macrophages and microglia) are vehicles for dissemination and principle target cells for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Notably, viral persistence in macrophages occurs despite ongoing phagocytic, intracellular killing, innate and adaptive immune responses. To assess potential pathways for how HIV-1 may bypass antiviral MP responses, we used proteomic tests to evaluate protein fingerprints of HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages 7 days after viral infection. By using weak cation exchange chips, 58 proteins were found up- or down-regulated after HIV-1(ADA) infection. Several of these proteins were identified by microsequencing. It is probable that cellular proteins identified by proteomic fingerprinting could assist in unraveling how persistent viral infection occurs in MP lineage cells. Moreover, this evolving technology can be utilized to unravel changes in immune activities initiated by interactions between virus, environmental cues and drugs of abuse.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2005

Chemical fingerprinting of Isatis indigotica root by RP-HPLC and hierarchical clustering analysis.

The aim was to establish a method for extraction and chemical fingerprinting of extracts of Isatis indigotica roots ("Ban-Lan-Gen") and to apply the method developed to 18 Ban-Lan-Gen samples. RP-HPLC with gradient elution was performed on authentic reference standards of powdered I. indigotica roots, indigotin and indirubin purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (NICPBP) of China. Eighteen "Ban-Lan-Gen" samples (including the reference powdered herb) were bought from Singapore and different regions in China. Comparisons of the chromatograms showed that the samples can be divided into three groups. The chromatograms of the extracts of five samples were found to be similar to that of the extract of the authentic sample. Eight other samples had similar peaks as the authentic sample but the intensities of the peaks were generally lower, except for the peaks between retention times of 10-40 min. Peaks in these regions were more intense than those found in the extract of the authentic sample. Forty-five characteristic peaks could be found in the extracts of all the above samples. Peaks at retention times 52 and 53 min were determined to be indigotin and indirubin, respectively. The remaining four samples had similar chemical fingerprints to each other but were different from that of the authentic sample. Hierarchical clustering analysis gave similar results as the visual comparison. The RP-HPLC method developed allows simple identification and comparisons of I. indigotica roots. This is the first report of hierarchical clustering analysis of I. indigotica root.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2005

GC-MS fingerprint of Pogostemon cablin in China.

Pogostemon cablin, originating in Malaysia and India, is cultivated in southern China including Guangdong and Hainan Province, which was called GuangHuoXiang to differentiate it from the HuoXiang of the north, the species Agastache rugosa, that it resembles. Essential oil of P. cablin mainly contributes to the pharmacological activities and the therapeutic properties of the essential oils are directly correlated with their qualitative and quantitative composition. For controlling the quality, standard fingerprint of P. cablin collected from different regions was developed by using GC-MS. Nine compounds including beta-patchoulene, caryophyllene, alpha-guaiene, seychellene, beta-guaiene, delta-guaiene, spathulenol, patchouli alcohol and pogostone were identified among 10 main peaks in P. cablin. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on characteristics of 10 investigated peaks in GC profiles showed that 18 samples were divided into three main clusters, patchouliol-type, pogostone-type and an interim-type, which was the one between the two chemotypes. The simulative mean chromatogram for the three types P. cablin was generated using the Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation System. The fingerprint can help to distinguish the substitute or adulterant, and further assess the differences of P. cablin grown in various areas of China.

China↗
PubMed2005

A novel fingerprint map for detecting SARS-CoV.

Spike (S) protein is the most important membrane protein on the surface of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). It associates with cellular receptors to mediate infection of their target cells. Inspired by such a mechanism, an in-depth investigation into the genome sequences of S protein of SARS-CoV and its receptor are conducted thru a mathematical transformation and graphic approach. As an outcome, a novel method for visualizing the characteristic of SARS-CoV is suggested. An extensive comparison among a large number of genome sequences has proved that the characteristic thus revealed is unique for SARS-CoV. As such, the characteristic can be regarded as the fingerprint map of SARS-CoV for diagnostic usage. Moreover, the conclusion has been further supported in a real case in Guangdong province of China. The fingerprint map proposed here has the merits of clear visibility and reliability that can serve as a complementary clinical tool for detecting SARS-CoV, particularly for the cases where the results obtained by the conventional methods are uncertain or conflicted with each other.

Algorithms↗