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PubMed2005

Many worlds, one ethic: design and development of a global research ethics training curriculum.

The demand for basic research ethics training has grown considerably in the past few years. Research and education organizations face the challenge of providing this training with limited resources and training tools available. To meet this need, Family Health International (FHI), a U.S.-based international research organization, recently developed a Research Ethics Training Curriculum (RETC). It was designed as a practical, user-friendly tool that provides basic, up-to-date, standardized training on the ethics of human research. The curriculum can easily be adapted to different audiences and training requirements. The RETC was reviewed by a group of international experts and field tested in five countries. It is available in English, French, and Spanish as a three-ring binder and CD-ROM, as well as on the Web. It may be used as either an interactive self-study program or for group training.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1998

A review of preweighed, packaged die stone versus bulk die stone use in a dental school.

PURPOSE: This study compared the quantity of preweighed, packaged die stone use to bulk die stone use by dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Starting in September 1994, all the bulk die stone was removed from the dental clinic, and only preweighed packages of die stone (Silky-Rock, Whip Mix) were available to students. At the end of August 1995 and August 1997, the amount of preweighed die stone used by the students was determined and compared with the amount of bulk die stone (DieKeen, Modern Materials) used during the period of September 1993 to August 1994. RESULTS: Between September 1994 and August 1997, the students used 42% less per annum of the preweighed, packaged die stone than the previous annual use of bulk die stone. The laboratories were much cleaner when the preweighed packages were used, and fewer cleaning staff were required. The environment was also cleaner for the laboratory staff, who used to fill the bulk containers with gypsum products. CONCLUSIONS: Students used 42% less die stone per annum when using the preweighed packages.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed2004

The virtual advisor program: linking students to mentors via the world wide web.

BACKGROUND: Emergency medicine (EM) is a popular specialty for medical students choosing a career. Many attend medical schools without an affiliated EM residency and lack both the formal mentorship and informal guidance provided by medical school advisors (or faculty) involved in an accredited EM training program. Others desire specialized advice based on geographic or specific academic interest. OBJECTIVE: The authors describe user characteristics of a Web-based virtual advisor program that paired medical students with EM faculty advisors. METHODS: Prospective users access the system from a link on the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) home page. On the initial visit, demographic information is collected. Faculty and student guidelines are provided. Students desiring individual advice may register for a virtual advisor who can assess career goals and qualifications. Volunteer faculty mentors are assigned on the basis of the student's geographic and demographic preferences and career aspirations. Encounters rely primarily on electronic and/or voice correspondence to suit the needs of the pair. A frequently asked question (FAQ) section provides answers to common questions and does not require registration. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-four students (183 males, 75 females, 6 unspecified) from North American (87) and international (25) medical schools requested a virtual advisor. One hundred twenty-one faculty advisors from 56 U.S. medical schools participated (86 [71%] males; 35 [29%] females). Students indicated reasons they sought a virtual advisor. Qualitative feedback was generally positive from advisors and advisees. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the virtual advisor program enabled medical students to have access to experienced EM faculty career mentors.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1997

Student and staff opinion of electronic capture of data related to clinical activity.

OBJECTIVE: To seek the opinion of staff and students of a new electronic method for collection of data related to student clinical activity. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey. SETTING: Staff and students in the Department of Child Dental Health, Dental School, Cardiff, and staff in the Community Dental Service who undertake clinical supervision. METHOD: A questionnaire was circulated to all 2nd and 3rd clinical year dental undergraduate students seeking their opinion on a range of issues associated with the recently introduced bar code system of data gathering of their clinical activity and achievement. A similar questionnaire was circulated to staff who have responsibility for clinical supervision of these students. RESULTS: A total of 102 replies were received. With the exception of 2 aspects, there was no disagreement between staff and students. An overall majority preferred the use of bar codes to other methods of data collection; bar codes were perceived to be more accurate and reliable than other methods; students were satisfied with the method of quality assessment; staff were dissatisfied (P < 0.05). Staff were strongly in favour of extension of the use of bar codes to other clinics, whereas students were less strongly in favour (P < 0.001); there was little enthusiasm to extend bar codes for recording attendance at lectures, seminars and other such activity. CONCLUSION: The new system has been accepted by staff and students alike. It has proven to be satisfactory for its intended purpose. As a result of this survey, minor adjustments to procedures will take place, and the method of assessment of clinical work will be reconsidered.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

X-ray microtomography: 3-dimensional imaging of teeth for computer-assisted learning.

X-ray microtomography (XMT), a miniaturised form of computed tomography, has been used to generate 3-dimensional volume data sets of the X-ray absorption of human teeth in vitro, with a resolution of approximately 40 microns (cubic voxel sidelength). Examples are presented of images relevant to dental morphology, cariology, and cavity preparation and restoration. Applications of XMT imaging to dental education are discussed in the context of new approaches to visual learning through computer-assisted methods.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2006

The use of articulators in UK dental schools.

The increasing complexity of many restorative procedures often involves articulation of study and working casts to ensure accurate fabrication of restorations. Correct selection and use of articulators can be crucial to successful restoration. The aim of this paper is to determine which articulators are recommended for various restorative procedures in UK dental schools, for use by undergraduate students. A questionnaire-based study of all UK dental schools was carried out, with a 100% response rate. Recommended articulator application for specified procedures was established from the literature and questionnaire results were compared with this. The results indicated that dental schools in the UK generally teach appropriate articulator use for most procedures. However, there are some limited areas of what may be argued to be inappropriate recommendation in some establishments.

Dental Articulators↗
PubMed2000

Clinical assessment in dental education: a new method.

Among the many challenges that face modern dental schools is the development of appropriate assessment systems. The more litigious nature of modern education makes it important that the systems developed are transparent and can withstand the processes of legal challenge. Coupled with this demand for robust assessment is a growing demand from universities and health providers for dental schools to keep rigorous records of student clinical productivity. This brief review outlines a system developed at the School of Oral Health Sciences at the University of Western Australia. The system integrates both qualitative and quantitative assessment and uses criterion-based assessment as its foundation. Detailed analysis and real-time reporting mechanisms using a suite of personally written software tools is now possible. The system provides both students and staff with effective data to enhance the learning process.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

E-Learning systems: promises and pitfalls.

OBJECTIVE: This review examines the use of e-learning systems in psychiatric education. METHOD: The authors review the Instructional System Design process, focusing on ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The authors also report on two representative teaching projects, discussing the planning, work, and assessment required. RESULTS: The basic operations of these education software systems are relatively easy to learn. The real work is the project preparation which precedes software use and final implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Internet-based learning software is another tool in the educator's armamentarium. Educators must still utilize sound educational pedagogy to create effective learning instruments.

Education, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Online resources for assessment and evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Liaison Committee on Medical Education have mandated the transition from written global evaluation methods to competency-based assessments in resident and medical student training. Assessment of competency requires analysis of performance data from numerous sources. This article reviews characteristics of Web-based evaluation and assessment systems and recommends areas for further development. METHOD: The authors review functions common to a variety of online evaluation and curriculum management systems with attention to their adaptation for competency documentation and assessment. Details of online global assessments, examination methods, electronic portfolios, procedure/case logs, and survey systems are provided along with a list of Internet resources. RESULTS: Online evaluation and assessment systems not only provide data on trainee competence but can provide valuable feedback on faculty teaching, curriculum quality, and the learning environment. Suggestions for future development, legal ambiguities that could become obstacles, and the need to clarify the responsibility for funding this work are discussed. Web-based performance assessment and evaluation are seen in the larger context of moving toward competency assessment of practicing physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Online assessment systems offer advantages over paper systems in allowing robust data analysis, reporting, and flexibility. A national online procedure/case log tracking system would facilitate gathering data that could provide one type of experiential benchmark for determining competency.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personal digital assistants in psychiatric education.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the various administrative and clinical applications for PDA use in psychiatric care and review the process for implementation in an academic medical center. METHOD: The authors reviewed the psychiatric literature and tested various hardware and software products. RESULTS: The literature describes various uses of the PDA as a reference tool, in clinical care, and in training documentation. CONCLUSIONS: The PDA is capable of numerous vital roles in medical education.

Computers↗
PubMed2005

Twenty-five years of advances in vascular access: bridging research to clinical practice.

Vascular access has become a key component for a multitude of IV therapies, including parenteral nutrition. Access of the central venous system has been long recognized for its associated complications of infection, thrombosis, and occlusion. Over the past 25 years, clinical practice based on research and innovation has attempted to decrease complication rates and therefore improve the safety of vascular access. This article highlights the research and its influence on catheter care procedures, technology, and education that has led to advances in vascular access. An improved understanding of the pathophysiology associated with catheter-related complications and an ongoing evaluation of new treatment modalities has provided clinicians today with new options for improved patient care and the ability to preserve vascular access options for patients.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2003

Flexible endoscopy simulators.

Training in flexible endoscopy is becoming increasingly complex. In an effort to improve the efficiency of endoscopic education, physicians are turning to simulation technology to provide a platform for training away from the endoscopy suite. The concept of medical simulation is not new, but the recent addition of powerful computer-generated virtual reality simulation has revolutionized the field. These compact computers are now able to generate a simulated environment that not only mimics the movement of the endoscope, but also recreates the sounds of the endoscopy suite, the feel of the movement of the scope, the reaction of intestinal tissue, and the response of a patient experiencing discomfort. Within this life-like simulated environment, a wide variety of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures can be performed. This article reviews the history of flexible endoscopy simulators and details the most advanced models currently available. The literature supporting the use of these simulators is also presented, and issues involving the incorporation of simulation technology into endoscopic education and credentialing are discussed.

Animals↗