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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Hydrogen sulfide-producing Citrobacter diversus. A re-emphasis of the potential ability of all Enterobacteriaceae to manifest this quality.

Among 68 strains of Citrobacter diversus isolated in a community hospital in a year and a half, six were characterized by late H2S production in iron-agar slants, while otherwise typical. Although not recorded in standard tabulations, the potential for Enterobacteriaciae to develop this quality by plasmid transfer appears to be virtually unlimited, and dictates caution in the use of failure to produce H2S as a criterion for exclusion. In the present group, the use of the adonitol reaction as a means of distinguishing these organisms from more typical H2S producers is emphasized.

Citrobacter↗
PubMed1985

Reliability of cefaclor, cefazolin, cefamandole, and cephalothin disks to predict susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus species, and Haemophilus influenzae.

Interpretive zone-size standards currently used for cephalothin and cefamandole disk tests also may be applied to tests with disks containing 30 micrograms of cefaclor or cefazolin. Against 627 representative isolates, susceptibility to cefaclor and cefazolin could be predicted by testing cephalothin. However, cefazolin is more active than cephalothin against isolates of Escherichia coli with a TEM beta-lactamase plasmid. The expanded spectrum of cefamandole continues to necessitate separate testing. Against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, cefaclor disks were more reliable than cephalothin or cefamandole, but false-susceptible results were seen with all four disks. For testing Haemophilus influenzae, the cefazolin disks were not reliable; cephalothin or cefaclor disks could predict susceptibility to either drug.

Cefaclor↗
PubMed1976

Inter- and intralaboratory variability in antibiotic susceptibility tests with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae.

A two-phase collaboratice study was designed for definition of the extent to which results of disk diffusion tests can be reproduced. Two currently recommended techniques, the Kirby-Bauer method and the agar overlay method, were used. Of special concern were tests of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with moderate susceptibility to carbenicillin; gentamicin, tobramycin, polymyxin B, and colistin were also tested with P. aeruginosa as well as with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus species. The agar overlay method tended to give zones that were somewhat smaller than those given by the Kirby-Bauer method. Both disk methods demonstrated an excellent degree of reproducibility, being at least as reproducible as the standard agar dilution technique for measurement of minimal inhibitory concentrations. Slight changes in carbenicillin disk potency affected the zones of inhibition around P. aeruginosa more than those around susceptible E. coli. This fact suggests that a standard strain of P. aeruginosa would be advantageous for quality control of carbenicillin disk tests.

Carbenicillin↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of the efficacy of nalidixic acid and cephalexin in bacteriuric women and their effect on fecal and periurethral carriage of enterobacteriaceae.

Eighty-one women were randomly selected for treatment with nalidixic acid (1 g four times a day) or cephalexin (500 mg four times a day) as therapy for 131 episodes of bacteriuria localized using the antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test. Bladder infections were treated for three days and renal infections for 14 days. Rates of cure were not significantly different between treatment groups in each drug regimen. However, significantly more relapses occurred in the patients with ACB-positive infections treated for 14 days with cephalexin than in those treated for 14 days with nalidixic acid. More early reinfections occurred in the cephalexin-treated group after both three and 14 days of therapy. Resistance to nalidixic acid developed in the infecting bacteria in the urine during therapy with nalidixic acid in 3% of women after three days and in 16% of women after 14 days. Simultaneous resistance appeared in the urine, periurethral area, and fecal flora of these patients.

Antibody-Coated Bacteria Test, Urinary↗
PubMed1983

In-vitro activity of cefotetan and other cephalosporins against multiresistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae.

The activity of cefotetan against multiresistant strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes was comparable with that of cefotaxime and ceftazidime, the mean MICs being 0.11 and 0.06 mg/l, respectively. Multiresistant strains of Enterobacter cloacae showed a high level of resistance to cefotetan in common with other cephalosporins such as cefuroxime, cefamandole and cefoxitin, but were sensitive to ceftazidime and cefotaxime.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗