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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Application of standardized quality control procedures to open-path Fourier transform infrared data collected at a concentrated swine production facility.

Open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) spectrometry was used to measure the concentrations of ammonia, methane, and other atmospheric gases at a concentrated swine production facility. A total of 2200 OP/FT-IR spectra were acquired along nine different monitoring paths during an 8-day period between January 11 and 22, 1999. Standardized quality control (QC) procedures were applied to the archived OP/FT-IR spectra to verify that the instrument was set up and operating properly during the field study and to identify outliers in the concentration data. These QC procedures included measuring the random baseline noise, the signal strength, and the relative single-beam intensity in selected wavenumber regions; inspecting the archived spectra for wavenumber shifts, changes in resolution, and evidence of detector saturation; and examining time series plots of the target gas concentrations and the uncertainty values reported by the classical least-squares (CLS) analysis. Application of these QC procedures to the archived spectra identified 252 potential outliers. After a careful review of the original spectra, 41 of the 252 suspected outliers were designated as actual outliers. Of the QC criteria used during this study, the uncertainty values reported by the CLS analysis were the most reliable indicators of actual outliers.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1987

[Profile of a respiratory allergy department from computerized data collected between 1968 and 1984 (3962 cases)].

A prospective study of clinical, cutaneous and biological sensitivity to the common air-borne allergens was conducted over a 16-year period in a total of 3,962 patients who reported to a hospital consultation for respiratory allergy. The study confirmed certain widely recognized semiological features, but it did it on the basis of a real population with a large number of subjects and therefore was a true textbook of allergology with a live material. In addition, the study benefited from the major advantage of computer data processing: an accurate and rapid analysis. Yet some uncertainties and omissions remained concerning answers to certain questions, but such gaps are inherent in the natural subjectivity of allergic patients and their doctors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Interim report on clinic intake and safety data collected from 17 NIDA-funded naltrexone studies.

In 17 studies of naltrexone, a totoal of 1,536 patients had been logged in as potential study subjects as of February 29, 1976. Of these, 883 had been started on study medication, including 107 on placebo as controls. A relatively high rate of attrition was seen in all studies over the first two months of study medication; this attrition rate tended to flatten out at about the fourth month. Of the 883 subjects beginning study medication, 47 (5.3%) were subsequently terminated for medical reasons. The data available on 45 of these subjects indicate equivalent percentages, both with respect to the total number of dropouts in the two study medication groups (naltrexone: 39 of 676, or 5.0%; placebo: 6 of 107, or 5.6%) and to the number of dropouts which the clinic reported as "possibly drug-related" (naltrexone: 6 out of 676, or 0.9%; placebo: 1 of 107, or 0.9%). However, one of the "possibly drug-related" dropouts developed idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura after the administration of naltrexone for approximately 13 months during four separate treatment admissions. Statistical review of the data and subsequent analyses of the five double-blind, placebo-controlled studies administered by the National Academy of Sciences revealed no significant medication-group differences with respect to the physical/psychiatric or laboratory data. A review of the symptom data and analyses indicates that the frequency of occurrences of certain of the gastrointestinal tract symptoms recorded was somewhat higher in those subjects treated with naltrexone. Specific symptoms involved included "Loss of Appetite", "Abdominal Pain or Cramps", "Nausea or Vomiting", and "Constipation". However, the relative severity of these symptoms for all subjects experiencing any symptomatology was not statistically differentiable with respect to study medication group.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1999

A simple biofeedback digital data collection instrument to control ventilation during autonomic investigations.

Autonomic evaluation using the heart rate spectrum is sensitive to changes in breathing parameters, but few studies using this technique have controlled both the rate and depth of breathing. Fewer still have also measured or controlled inspiration and expiration times, or end-tidal carbon dioxide. This study describes the development of a digital instrument that can be used to alter tidal volume, ventilation rate and the time of inspiration and expiration with paced breathing visual templates displayed on a computer monitor. The digital instrument runs during data acquisition and displays the ventilatory signal from the subject superimposed on the paced breathing templates. Thus, adjustment of ventilatory parameters is achieved by matching the actual breathing signal to the target template. By regulating the ventilation rate and the tidal volume, end-tidal carbon dioxide could be increased or decreased in small increments. This instrument provided ventilatory control to investigate the effects on the heart rate spectrum of breathing depth, ventilation rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide and the time of expiration.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1992

Data collection for the evaluation of mental retardation prevention activities: the fateful forty-three.

A schema for measuring the effects of prevention programs in mental retardation was presented using items that are quantifiable, accessible, and pertinent to disability outcomes. These elements relate to interventions in the prenatal, perinatal, and childhood periods. They also reflect improvements in agency systems. The items were classified as service indicators, risk indicators, and incidence/prevalence information. The list is called "The Fateful Forty-Three" because of its intimate alliance with the stakes for children now and in the future. Representative data were given for these components, as were the sources for gathering such information. The inventory was proposed to be used as a program checklist and a base for discussion and planning.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1995

Postoperative delirium. A review of 80 primary data-collection studies.

We conducted an on-line search and manual searches for 1966 through 1992 to determine the incidence, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of postoperative delirium. Of the 374 citations found, 277 articles were excluded after criteria of relevance were applied. After methodologic criteria for validity were applied to the remaining 80 articles, 26 studies were retained for the final information synthesis. The incidence of postoperative delirium was 36.8% (range, 0% to 73.5%). Primary reasons for this disparity were insufficient sample size and inconsistent application of numerous diagnostic tools. One study provided statistically significant data that demonstrated that postoperative delirium is underdiagnosed by physicians and nurses. Four of the articles that met the established criteria provided risk factor data. Although age, preoperative cognitive impairment, and the use of anticholinergic drugs were significantly associated with postoperative delirium, gender, type and route of anesthesia, and sleep deprivation were not. Two studies demonstrated a decreased incidence of postoperative delirium when patients underwent preoperative psychiatric counseling or participated in a structured perioperative program. These findings indicate a need for (1) accurate incidence data with further definition of risk factors and (2) studies that address the diagnosis and treatment of this common postoperative problem.

Delirium↗
PubMed1978

Proem to a quantum leap in audiometric data collection and management.

A revolution began in 1961 when Weiss first mated a minicomputer to an audiometer. Today's technology offers a number of aids to the audiometrist in standardizing stimulus presentation patterns, objectifying and validating responses, computing HTL from a response pattern, computing significant threshold shifts from baseline audiograms, computing percentage binaural hearing impairment for a person, etc. Audiometers can be made which self-calibrate and are fail-safe. Furthermore, a revolution has occurred in replacing an audiogram written record, for example a card, with a system in which the audiometer transfers HTL data directly into computer storage without the possibility of transcription error. A group of turnkey and interlocking terminals allows the audiometric data of any individual serviced to be retrieved and/or updated from any terminal in the system. This paper lists commercial models simulating standard manual audiometry, models computerizing Bekesy audiometry, and some experimental models on yet other principles. Psychometric methods and methods for response validation suitable for audiometry are discussed, and out of many possible suggestions a few are offered for audiometric paradigms which may go beyond simulation of ASHA guidelines and ANSI specifications for manual threshold audiometry in order to take advantage of the power available from the computer as a tool in audiometry. For example, a computer can scan the responses of as many as 32 subjects simultaneously, offer each an adaptive program based on his response, and printout HTL's in conventional audiometric format.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Banking biological collections: data warehousing, data mining, and data dilemmas in genomics and global health policy.

While DNA databases may offer the opportunity to (1) assess population-based prevalence of specific genes and variants, (2) simplify the search for molecular markers, (3) improve targeted drug discovery and development for disease management, (4) refine strategies for disease prevention, and (5) provide the data necessary for evidence-based decision-making, serious scientific and social questions remain. Whether samples are identified, coded, or anonymous, biological banking raises profound ethical and legal issues pertaining to access, informed consent, privacy and confidentiality of genomic information, civil liberties, patenting, and proprietary rights. This paper provides an overview of key policy issues and questions pertaining to biological banking, with a focus on developments in specimen collection, transnational distribution, and public health and academic-industry research alliances. It highlights the challenges posed by the commercialization of genomics, and proposes the need for harmonization of biological banking policies.

Databases, Nucleic Acid↗
PubMed2002

An analysis of telephone interview data collected in 1992 from 820 women who reported problems with their breast implants to the food and drug administration.

How health care providers deal with concerns and feelings of women who have problems with their breast implants affects the women's satisfaction with their breast implants, yet in 1992 little was known about the concerns and feelings of these women. A qualitative analysis of in-depth telephone interviews conducted in 1992 with 820 women from all regions of the United States who reported problems with their breast implants to the Food and Drug Administration and responded to an invitation to be interviewed provided data. Respondents were primarily 40 to 69 years of age at the time of interview, Caucasian, married, and educated beyond high school. The sample was almost equally divided in reason for breast implants, with 65 percent being dissatisfied with their breast implants. Nearly all of the women had heard of problems with silicone gel-filled implants. Their main sources of information were television, newspapers, and magazines rather than their physicians or the breast implant manufacturers. Some women tried to avoid hearing the reports, and many tried to put the reported problems out of their minds. However, a majority (88.7 percent) wanted more information. The women expressed feelings of anger, regret, and worry, and repeatedly said they needed more information. Women who contacted the Food and Drug Administration about breast implant problems needed accurate and honest information from health care professionals. They wanted their physicians to explore their symptoms, fears, and concerns.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Evaluating the reliability of multi-item scales: a non-parametric approach to the ordered categorical structure of data collected with the Swedish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and the Self-Efficacy Scale.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of a rank-invariant non-parametric method with that of kappa statistics to evaluate the reliability of the Swedish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and the Self-Efficacy Scale by identifying systematic and random disagreement. The aim was, further, to compare 2 different statistical approaches to obtain a global value from multi-item scales. DESIGN: A test-retest study. SUBJECTS: A total of 46 patients with whiplash-associated disorders were enrolled and 39 (85%) completed the test-retest assessment. METHODS: Data from the multi-item scales were summarized using both sum and median scores. Paired data were evaluated with a rank-invariant statistical method to identify systematic and random disagreement. Data were also evaluated with kappa statistics. RESULTS: The non-parametric approach demonstrated that the Swedish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and the Self-Efficacy Scale are reliable for patients with whiplash-associated disorders. In contrast to the rank-invariant method, kappa statistics provided no information on disagreement between the 2 test occasions. Median scoring improved reliability due to lack of disagreement while the sum scores method was characterized by random individual disagreement. CONCLUSION: This study has increased understanding of the advantages and limitations of 2 non-parametric statistical methods and, it is hoped, will contribute to the development of reliable measurements.

Fear↗
PubMed1993

Interpretation and utilization of effect and concentration data collected in an in vivo pharmacokinetic and in vitro pharmacodynamic study.

The effect (E) of some drugs may be monitored in vitro using the plasma drug concentration (C) following the in vivo dosing of drug. When using a specific analytical assay, counterclockwise hysteresis in the E vs C relationship can be explained only by the presence of an agonistic metabolite (MA); the extent of hysteresis will depend upon the pharmacokinetics and relative "potency" of C and MA. If a nonspecific assay is used, plots of E vs C may actually relate to E vs total agonist (C + MA), and unusual hysteresis may be observed, e.g., clockwise hysteresis when C is more "potent" than MA. Here, we simulate data for three models of relative C and MA pharmacokinetics. The E vs C and E vs MA data are simulated for both linear and noncompetitive agonist Emax models. When C and MA are equally potent, hysteresis will not be observed in a plot of E vs C + MA. However, when C and MA are of differing "potencies," hysteresis will be observed (the direction of hysteresis is dependent on the relative potency of C and MA). By appropriately "weighting" a respective agonist (C or MA), hysteresis will "collapse" and the relative potencies of C and MA can be estimated.

Models, Theoretical↗
PubMed2001

A case-control study to investigate the relation between low and moderate levels of physical activity and osteoarthritis of the knee using data collected as part of the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is being recommended as an intervention for seemingly almost universal improvements to health. A potential concern with this recommendation for increased exercise is that some believe increased levels of activity may lead to increased incidence of osteoarthritis of the knee (knee OA), as a result of accelerated "wear and tear" of the major joints. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that the occurrence of knee OA may be related to the duration of participation in some forms of sport and active recreation. METHODS: The relation between habitual exercise, reported by a cross section of people surveyed in England, and self reported knee OA was investigated. Data were derived from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey (1990-91). A matched retrospective case-control design was used and a new exposure classification system which categorised different grades of activities for different time periods for each subject's lifetime participation in regular physical activities was developed. Additional data on knee injuries sustained and bodily composition were also included in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: From 4316 people originally interviewed, 216 eligible cases (66 men, 150 women) were identified (mean age 57.1). Each case was matched to four controls. When habitual sport/exercise participation were examined during a subject's life, only exposure to regular long walks and being physically active between the ages of 20 and 24 suggested any association with developing knee OA later in life. The only strong association found was a greatly increased risk of knee OA having previously sustained a knee injury (p<0.01, odds ratio 8.0 (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 32.0)). CONCLUSIONS: There was little evidence to suggest that increased levels of regular physical activity throughout life lead to an increased risk of knee OA later in life. Previous knee injury was associated with an increased risk of knee OA. Additionally, most injuries were caused through participation in physical activities. Hence, when deciding on participation in activities, it is worth taking the likelihood of joint injury into consideration, as the chance of injury is greater in some activities than others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A strategy for electron tomographic data collection and crystallographic reconstruction of biological bundles.

Structures of highly ordered biological bundles have unique features which call for special experimental and computational methods in electron cryomicroscopy. They can be considered as three-dimensional quasi-crystals and reconstructed using a crystallographic approach. However, they are neither "infinitely" large with respect to the borders of the bundle, nor are they a single unit cell in thickness along the viewing direction. Also, because of their shape, bundles do not generally have a preferred azimuthal orientation, which poses challenges for orientation estimation and refinement. We developed a strategy for recording and processing electron cryomicroscopic images that differs from classical two-dimensional crystalline reconstruction techniques. These developments allowed us to merge data from tomographic tilt series of ice-embedded acrosomal bundles. The goal is to determine accurately amplitudes and phases at the diffraction maxima in terms of hkl indices, and compute a three-dimensional map from the diffraction data.

Acrosome↗
PubMed2000

Crystallization of Escherichia coli beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III and the use of a dry flash-cooling technique for data collection.

beta-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (FabH) is a condensing enzyme active in the fatty-acid biosynthesis pathway of bacteria. The enzymes of this pathway provide a set of targets for the discovery of previously unknown antibiotics. FabH from Escherichia coli has been crystallized in two crystal forms using the sitting-drop vapor-diffusion technique. The first form crystallized in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 63.1, b = 65.1, c = 166.5 A; the second form crystallized in the tetragonal space group P4(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 72.7, c = 99.8 A. A flash-cooling technique using no cryoprotectant was utilized in obtaining data from the second type of crystals.

3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase↗
PubMed2001

X-ray and neutron structure of 1,8-(3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,11-diyldioxy)-9,10-dihydro-10,10-dimethylanthracene-9-ol (P326); some pitfalls of automatic data collection.

The structure of the crown ether 1,8-(3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,11-diyldioxy)-9,10-dihydro-10,10-dimethylanthracene-9-ol, C(24)H(30)O(6).H(2)O (1), code name P326, the parent compound for a series of derivatives, has been determined by both X-ray diffraction at room temperature and neutron diffraction at very low temperature. The unit cells are very similar at both temperatures and in both cases the crystals exhibit P2(1) symmetry with Z = 4 (two molecules, A and B, respectively, per asymmetric unit) and pseudosymmetry P2(1)/c. The higher symmetry is broken mainly by the two independent water molecules in the unit cell, some reflections which would be absent in P2(1)/c having strong intensities in both the X-ray and neutron data. In both molecules A and B hydrogen bonds involving the water molecule stabilize the macrocyclic ring structure, one involving the macrocyclic O(9) as a donor. Close contacts between the water and macrocyclic O atoms in each molecule also suggest the presence of two bifurcated hydrogen bonds, involving water HW2 to both O(16) and O(18), and water HW1 to both O(18) and O(20), respectively, with considerable variation in the geometry being present. Both molecules A and B exhibit very close pseudosymmetry across a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane and through atoms C(9) and O(18), and in addition are predominantly planar structures. The X-ray analysis failed to reveal one H atom per water molecule, each being subsequently included after location and refinement in the neutron analysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

[Chromaffine tumours: diagnosis and catamnestic features based on the data collected at the Institute of Experimental Therapy between 1949 and 1974 (author's transl)].

From 1949 to 1974, urine samples of 1669 patients with unclarified arterial hypertension were tested for non-conjugated catecholamines. Chromaffine tumours--among them one pheochromoblastoma and two families with inherited forms--were found in 1.1% of all cases. With the procedure applied, adrenergic alpha- and/or beta-mimetic actions on the circulation of cats can be identified when the excretion of total catecholamines is increased by the factor 1.5 to 2.0. Hence, chromaffine tumours with smaller excretion rates (about 200 mug/24 h) are also detectable, so in one case where the excretion of vanillyl-mandelic acid was normal. Thus all prerequisites concerning sensitivity and specificity of a screening method are fulfilled. The large variety of symptoms of chromaffine tumours becomes obvious from the catamnestic data of 19 patients indicating problems which may arise in differential diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

in children. Its results were drawn with limited sample size obtained after a short phase of data collection. A further study should be conducted to get more precise and valid results that may be useful for preventing UTI among children.

This hospital-based case-control study was conducted from September 1998 to January 1999 in Metro Manila, Philippines. General objective of the study is to determine the association between selected hygiene behavior and urinary tract infection (UTI) among children aged 6-12 years. Specifically, the study is designed to examine the relationship between UTI and urination, defecation, washing and bathing habits. Twenty-three cases of children with UTI and an equal number of controls were recruited in four tertiary hospitals. The study association was determined by using odds ratio, the chi-square test and the Fisher exact test, where appropriate, in simple analysis. Furthermore, exact logistic regression analysis was applied to overcome the problem of small sample size. The data suggested that bathing habit less than daily, holding of urination during daytime, and washing habit after defecation might have risk effects on UTI. There was not enough evidence of significant association between UTI and other study exposures. Among extraneous variables, age group or school enrollment of children had a borderline significant association with UTI after adjusted simultaneously for selected variables. This study served as a pilot of the Preventive Nephrology Project (Department of Health, Philippines) in determining selected risk factors of

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2002

European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): study populations and data collection.

The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is an ongoing multi-centre prospective cohort study designed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and cancer, with the potential for studying other diseases as well. The study currently includes 519 978 participants (366 521 women and 153 457 men, mostly aged 35-70 years) in 23 centres located in 10 European countries, to be followed for cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality for several decades. At enrollment, which took place between 1992 and 2000 at each of the different centres, information was collected through a non-dietary questionnaire on lifestyle variables and through a dietary questionnaire addressing usual diet. Anthropometric measurements were performed and blood samples taken, from which plasma, serum, red cells and buffy coat fractions were separated and aliquoted for long-term storage, mostly in liquid nitrogen. To calibrate dietary measurements, a standardised, computer-assisted 24-hour dietary recall was implemented at each centre on stratified random samples of the participants, for a total of 36 900 subjects. EPIC represents the largest single resource available today world-wide for prospective investigations on the aetiology of cancers (and other diseases) that can integrate questionnaire data on lifestyle and diet, biomarkers of diet and of endogenous metabolism (e.g. hormones and growth factors) and genetic polymorphisms. First results of case-control studies nested within the cohort are expected early in 2003. The present paper provides a description of the EPIC study, with the aim of simplifying reference to it in future papers reporting substantive or methodological studies carried out in the EPIC cohort.

Adult↗