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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Endotoxin contamination in wound dressings made of natural biomaterials.

Contamination by endotoxin of nine kinds of wound dressings made of natural biomaterials (calcium alginate, collagen, chitin, and poly-L-leucine) was examined with the use of water extracts. By applying the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test, high concentrations of endotoxin were detected in extracts from three kinds of products made of calcium alginate. These extracts evoked fever in rabbits and induced the release of a proinflammatory (pyrogenic) cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), from human monocytic cells (MM6-CA8). The effects disappeared when the extracts were treated with endotoxin-removing gel column chromatography or with an endotoxin antagonist, B464, confirming that the contaminating pyrogen was endotoxin. A noteworthy finding was that one of the endotoxin-containing extracts showed very weak IL-6-inducibility in human monocytic cells in contrast to its high pyrogenicity to rabbits. The discrepancy could be explained based on differences between humans and rabbits in sensitivity to the endotoxin, because the extract showed higher proinflammatory-cytokine (TNF-alpha)-inducibility in rabbit whole-blood cells (WBCs) than human WBCs. The results suggest that the LAL test is a useful method of detecting endotoxin contamination in wound dressings and the MM6-CA8 assay is a good supplement to the LAL test for evaluating pyrogenicity in humans accurately.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

An in vivo study of hydrogels based on physiologically clotted fibrin-gelatin composites as wound-dressing materials.

In this study we have reported the efficacy of three biomaterials: (a) physiologically clotted fibrin-gelatin composite (PFG), (b) PFG graft copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PFG-HEMA), and (c) PFG graft copolymerized with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (PFG-HPMA) as temporary wound-dressing materials using the rat as an animal model. Full-thickness excision wounds were made on the back of female rats weighing about 150 +/- 10 g. The dressings were applied on the wounds and changed periodically at an interval of 4 days with the respective materials. The wounds treated with PFG-HEMA healed completely on 15th day after wound creation, whereas those treated with PFG and PFG-HPMA resulted in complete healing on the 17th day. The concentrations of collagen, hexosamine, and uronic acid in the granulation tissue were determined. The PFG and its graft copolymers acted as hydrogels, thereby absorbing excess exudates, while still maintaining a moist environment at the wound site. The enhanced wound healing in the experimental animals was reflected in the increased rate of wound contraction. The results of the histological and mechanical studies of the experimental groups revealed that reepithelialization and remodeling of the skin have been achieved by providing a moist environment at the wound site by the biomaterials and thereby hastening the migration of keratinocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Medium (DMEM/F12)-containing chitosan hydrogel as adhesive and dressing in autologous skin grafts and accelerator in the healing process.

Autologous skin grafts are considered necessary for the treatment of extensive skin defects. However, skin graft by suturing is a time-consuming medical handling and rather stressful event for recipients. To that end, tissue adhesives have been suggested in skin grafts. Chitosan hydrogel is well known as a wound dressing and tissue adhesive material showing biocompatibility, anti-infective activity, and the ability to accelerate wound healing. In this report, we evaluated the application of the chitosan hydrogel as a tissue adhesive in skin grafts. Although chitosan hydrogel shortened the operation time and resulted in a high graft absorption rate in comparison with suturing, wound epithelization was rather retarded. On the other hand, chitosan hydrogel was found more biocompatible than the commonly used tissue adhesive octyl-2-cyanoacrylate. When the chitosan hydrogel was premixed with a serum-free tissue culture medium DMEM/F12, it was found to easily degrade and promote wound epithelization. Histological examination revealed that the medium (DMEM/F12)-containing chitosan hydrogel was associated with the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neovascularization. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was localized in the chitosan hydrogel degraded matrices. And infiltration of leukocytes determined the degradation activity with the D-glucose in the medium (DMEM/F12) suggested to play a central role in chitosan hydrogel degradation. Therefore, the medium (DMEM/F12)-containing chitosan hydrogel may become commonly accepted as a beneficial wound dressing and tissue adhesive in extensive wound management and skin grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

An active wound dressing for controlled convective mass transfer with the wound bed.

Conventional wound dressings-gauze, plastic films, foams, and gels-do not allow for spatial and temporal control of the soluble chemistry within the wound bed, and are thus limited to a passive role in wound healing. Here, we present an active wound dressing (AWD) designed to control convective mass transfer with the wound bed; this mass transfer provides a means to tailor and monitor the chemical state of a wound and, potentially, to aid the healing process. We form this AWD as a bilayer of porous poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and silicone; the pHEMA acts as the interface with the wound bed, and a layer of silicone provides a vapor barrier and a support for connecting to external reservoirs and pumps. We measure the convective permeability of the pHEMA sponge, and use this value to design a device with a spatially uniform flow profile. We quantify the global coefficient of mass transfer of the AWD on a dissolvable synthetic surface, and compare it to existing theories of mass transfer in porous media. We also operate the AWD on model wound beds made of calcium alginate gel to demonstrate extraction and delivery of low molecular weight solutes and a model protein. Using this system, we demonstrate both uniform mass transfer over the entire wound bed and patterned mass transfer in three spatially distinct regions. Finally, we discuss opportunities and challenges for the clinical application of this design of an AWD.

Alginates↗
PubMed1989

An easy and safe way to dress limb flaps in the dog.

When a flap is elevated in a human, the patient is usually managed with bed rest. The same conditions are impractical in dogs. Sometimes a flap in the dog must be protected from the dog itself by applying a special cast or a bucket on the head. An easy, safe, inexpensive, and quick method to dress the dog, by simply applying hot pepper into the dressing, is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Physiological and subjective responses to thermal transients of exercising subjects dressed in cold-protective clothing.

In cold conditions variations in the physical activity of clothed individuals and rest periods in a moderate temperature may result in a disturbance of heat balance and thermal comfort of the individual, in particular when sweating occurs. The purpose of the study was to examine thermal responses in persons dressed in winter clothing during changes of exercise intensity (high to low) and ambient temperature, and to investigate whether there were any effects on these responses due to fibre material (wool and synthetic). Two types of transient condition were studied, an exercise level transient (E) and a temperature transient (T). Ten healthy male subjects dressed in multi-layer winter clothing ensembles with different levels of total insulation walked on a treadmill at an ambient temperature of -10 degrees C. The garments were manufactured from wool, giving insulations of 2.6 clo, in T only and otherwise of 3.2 clo, or synthetic fibres, giving insulations of 2.4 clo in T only and otherwise of 3.1 clo. In E the subjects exercised at a high intensity for 50 min followed by 60 min walking at low intensity. In T they walked at a moderate speed for 90 min in ambient temperature of -10 degrees C, rested in temperatures of +22 degrees C for 30 min and walked in the cold climatic chamber for another 45 min. The skin temperature, sweating responses and thermal sensations were higher/warmer with increasing insulation during exercise. The wool fibre material resulted in a slightly higher mean skin temperature (about 0.3 degree C) during exercise, but no differences in subjective responses were found. The rest period had only a small influence on the subsequent thermal responses. The interindividual variations in thermal responses were large.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Glove-finger dressing in paediatric hypospadias.

Dressing post-operative hypospadias using a glove finger is technically easy to apply, inspect, and remove; gives uniform compression; is cheap and easily available; prevents contamination; and does not slip like ordinary dressings.

Bandages↗
PubMed1977

Use of fresh amnion as a burn dressing.

Thirty-seven children with second and third degree burns dressed with amnion were compared to seventy-three children treated with Furacin (Eaton Labs, Norwich, N.Y.) dressing. Amnion was found to be as easy to use as Furacin. Fewer split thickness skin grafts were needed in amnion treated children and these patients required fewer days of hospitalization. Bacterial culture data suggests that amnion is as good as and possibly superior to nitrofurazone in decreasing the number of organisms on the burn wound. No adverse reactions to amnion were noted. The use of amnion is supported by this preliminary study and is deserving of further investigation and clinical use.

Amnion↗
PubMed1980

A resilient trnasparent custom maxillofacial surgical dressing.

A new modality in postsurgical wound care to improve the quality of life in the extraoral maxillofacial surgical oncology patient has been described. This approach to protecting wounds of the face has the potential of being used for almost any external part of the body. The dressing has the advantages of sterility, durability, transparency, versatility, conformability, resiliency, comfort, protection, and economy. Maxillofacial surgeons can utilize the many positive advantages of this new type of dressing which is available through the maxillofacial prosthodontist.

Bandages↗
PubMed1996

Use of total of Escherichia coli counts to assess the hygienic characteristics of a beef carcass dressing process.

Swab samples were obtained from 3 sites on the surfaces of beef carcasses passing through a high speed dressing process, with 24 samples from each site being obtained at each of 4 points in the process. The aerobic microflora recovered from each swab after incubation at 25 degrees C was enumerated and characterized, and numbers of coliforms and Escherichia coli were determined. The data on aerobic flora indicated that skinning results in similar contamination of all 3 sites, that further deposition of bacteria at the brisket site occurs after skinning, and that trimming and washing achieve modest decontamination of the neck and brisket site, and extensive decontamination of the rump site. Changes in flora compositions during processing were too limited to much affect the assessment based on the aerobic flora total counts alone. The E. coli data indicated that during skinning the rump site was more heavily contaminated with faecal organisms than the other sites, that contamination of the brisket site is little altered between skinning and carcass splitting, although there is an extensive redistribution of E. coli at the neck site and sporadic, limited decontamination of the rump site, and that trimming and washing do not decontaminate the neck or rump sites, but that the rump site is extensively decontaminated by trimming. There was good correlation between E. coli and coliform counts, but weak correlation between E. coli and aerobic, 25 degrees C, counts. The findings suggest that assessments of beef carcass dressing processes for Hazard Analysis: Critical Control Point (HACCP) purposes should be based on enumerations of E. coli, or perhaps coliforms, rather than of the aerobic flora, to avoid important misunderstandings of the hygienic effects of the various operations in a process.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects on wound healing of zinc oxide in a hydrocolloid dressing.

BACKGROUND: Zinc oxide incorporated in gauze enhances healing of chronic wounds in humans and experimental pig wounds. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of zinc oxide added to a hydrocolloid dressing on the healing of surgical wounds in domestic pigs. METHODS: Forty partial-thickness wounds (2.2 x 2.2 cm and 400 microns deep) were treated with different zinc oxide concentrations, and epithelialization was evaluated morphometrically in a total of 320 histologic sections. Wound closure, bacterial growth, and inflammation were studied in eight full-thickness wounds (2.5 x 4.5 cm). The level of serum zinc was determined before and after treatment. RESULTS: In partial-thickness wounds, concentrations of zinc oxide at or below 1.0% (wt/wt) inhibited epithelialization, whereas no effect was observed at zinc oxide concentrations from 2% to 6%. In full-thickness wounds, zinc oxide (6%) reduced bacterial growth by about 2 log units and increased the inflammatory response in the granulation tissue, but had no effect on healing when compared with control (hydrocolloid alone). Serum zinc levels remained unchanged throughout the treatment period. CONCLUSION: Apart from inhibiting bacterial growth, no additional beneficial effects on wound healing in nutritionally balanced pigs were found by supplementing a hydrocolloid dressing with zinc oxide.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Improvements in medicated tulle dressings.

The antibacterial activity of four new medicated tulle dressings was determined by a modified zone inhibition method. Six different test organisms were used and from the results of the investigation, it was concluded that although the dressings differed in their duration of action and the rate at which the medicaments were released from their individual formulations, they all possessed significant antimicrobial activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Change of central venous catheter dressings twice a week is superior to once a week in patients with haematological malignancies.

Thirty-two consecutive patients with haematological disorders, in need of a permanent central venous catheter (CVC) were randomly allocated to have their CVC bandages (Tegaderm) changed once (OAW, n = 20) or twice (TAW, n = 19) a week. The two randomization arms were balanced in respect of age, sex, and underlying disease. The exit site of the CVC was inspected daily through the transparent bandage and erythema was noted. If severe erythema occurred, daily wet gauze dressings were applied. Samples for bacterial cultures were taken from the exit site of the CVC at every change of bandages. There was no difference in complications leading to removal of the CVC between the two groups (7/20 OAW vs. 7/19 TAW) or in CVC survival-time (P = 0.4). However, the OAW group had more positive CVC tip cultures (OAW 11/14 vs. TAW 2/9; P < 0.05) and a tendency to: (i) more extra dressings (P = 0.08); (ii) more cultures from the exit skin site showing high numbers of colony forming units (P = 0.07); (iii) shorter time to first exit site infection (P = 0.09); and (iv) more Gram-positive septicaemias (P = 0.08). Both clinical and bacteriological data in this study indicate that changing transparent polyurethane CVC bandages twice a week is superior to once a week.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The influence of closure or dressing of third molar sockets on post-operative swelling and pain.

This study compares the influence of complete closure as opposed to partial closure and dressing of lower third molar sockets on post-operative pain and swelling, and on healing. These closure techniques were used on opposite sides of the mouths of each of 70 patients undergoing bilateral third molar surgery. The comparison of the two techniques within each individual patient showed that complete closure resulted in more pain and swelling post-operatively in a significant number of patients, but that the use of a dressing delayed satisfactory healing in a few patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Tissue response to a haemostatic alginate wound dressing in tooth extraction sockets.

Kaltostat is a new haemostatic wound dressing composed of non-woven sodium calcium alginate fibres, and was originally developed to cover exposed wounds of the skin. A histopathological study was undertaken to determine the tissue response to Kaltostat in healing tooth sockets, to obtain a comparison with oxidised regenerated cellulose (Surgicel). Tooth sockets filled with blood clot acted as controls. The results showed that both biomaterials delayed wound healing in the early phase (1-4 weeks), giving rise to foreign body reactions. At 12 weeks there was little difference between the control sockets and the sockets containing the test materials, although remnants of retained dressing materials were identified. Healing of the tooth sockets was complete at 24 weeks.

Alginates↗
PubMed1985

Pain associated with an adherent polyurethane wound dressing.

Patient ratings of pain associated with autograft skin donor sites covered by an adherent polyurethane film dressing (Op-Site, Smith & Nephew) were collected using a modified Visual Analogue Scale. Analyses were undertaken to examine differences between pain levels under conditions of rest and activity, and with variations in application technique. It was found that with proper application and with at-rest patients, Op-Site-covered donor sites could be maintained relatively pain free. However, both specific conditions of application and increases in patient ambulation could result in the patient experiencing donor-site pain of an intensity comparable to concurrent burn-wound pain. To utilize fully their potential for pain control, the polyurethane film dressings must be appropriately applied and maintained, and their use coupled with an adequate analgesic regimen.

Adhesives↗