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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Ultrasound and electromagnetic radiation in hyperthermia--a historical perspective.

An account is given of the historical developments of ultrashortwave, microwave and ultrasonic diathermy techniques, for which bio-physical and bio-engineering principles were developed mainly after the Second World War. Topics included in this survey are: electric and acoustic properties of tissues, penetration depth and focusing ability for ultrasound (US) and electro-magnetic (EM) radiations, heat deposition patterns in complex tissue layers, hot-spot formation, temperature elevations in local areas of elevated heat deposition (SAR), and thermoregulatory responses. The present possibilities of placing spatially defined increases in temperature in tissue by either ultrasound or radio frequency radiation are summarized.

Diathermy↗
PubMed1981

[Present clinical status of hyperthermia associated with radiotherapy (author's transl)].

Improved techniques for inducing heat: ultrasound, microwaves, diathermy with different application modalities, capable of producing localized superficial or deep, regional or total body hyperthermia have been responsible for the multiplication of clinical trials. These studies have confirmed the tumoricidal effect of hyperthermia alone, or more especially when combined with radiotherapy, and the good tolerance of normal tissues to localized temperatures of 42 to 43.5 degrees C even in previously irradiated cases. Localized heating does not seem to increase the incidence of metastasis. Enhancement ratios and therapeutic gain with respect to normal tissues are not yet well documented. Many problems, including the heterogenicity of tissues to be heated, difficulties with temperature monitoring, and selection of appropriate sequential scheduling of radiation and hyperthermia remain unsolved and further investigations are required.

Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion↗
PubMed1982

Pressure profile of ophthalmic surgical procedures: an experimental study on the rabbit eye.

A balloon sensor was implanted in the posterior wall of the rabbit eye, and pressure fluctuation during several surgical procedures was monitored. Temporary IOP increase during digital massage sometimes reached near 100 mm Hg. Pressure increase during incision on the cornea was quite high, while corneal suturing, lens extraction, iridectomy, and open-sky vitrectomy induced minor fluctuating pressure on the posterior wall. Diathermy coagulation and scleral incision during simulated retinal detachment surgery increased IOP, exceeding 50 mm Hg and sometimes reaching 100 mm Hg.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Hyperthermia main techniques (author's transl)].

Superficial tumours with a small thickness can be correctly heated by various techniques. Some difficulties arise for a uniform heating across tumours several centimeters thick; they are considerably increased for deep located tumours. The possibilities of various methods of diathermy are discussed with consideration of blood flow and controlled surface cooling. A peculiar attention is devoted to conductive methods using electrodes supplied by 1 MHz current generator, and placed in contact (tubes, plates) or inside (needles) the tumour.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Interventional bronchoscopy].

The field of bronchoscopy has considerably expanded in recent years. The rigid and flexible bronchoscope are both used for diagnostic and increasingly for therapeutic procedures; for the therapeutic procedures the term 'interventional bronchoscopy' has been coined. Apart from the more traditional indications for interventional bronchoscopies, such as aspiration of secretions and removal of foreign bodies, the treatment of inoperable stenoses of the central airways--benign or malignant--has moved to the center stage of interventional endoscopies. This review focuses on the technique and indication of the following procedures: bronchial toilette, foreign body removal, dilatation, diathermy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser resection, brachytherapy and the insertion of stents (endoprostheses).

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationship between results of retinal detachment surgery and method of attachment].

Basing on the clinical material of the years 1984-1991 the authors have compared the results of retinal detachment surgery in two groups of patients, depending on the method of adhesion. Diathermy was used in 182 eyes (group I) and cryosurgery in 274 (group II). Retinal attachment was achieved in 69% of the eyes in group I and in 74% in group II. Inadequate closing of the breaks was the cause of failure in 22.8% of the cases in group I and in 30.6% in group II. Various changes of the macula were observed in 31% of the eyes in group I and in 24.5% in group II. Statistically significant relationships were found between method of adhesion and: development of PVR (p < 0.05), appearance of pigmentary changes in the eye ground (p < 0.01) and cicatrization of the breaks (p < 0.01). Stronger cicatrization was observed after cryosurgery as well as the pigmentary changes in the fundus which have not influenced the results. The studies revealed that no significant differences depending on the method of adhesion were found in results of retinal detachment surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Role of colposcopy in the diagnosis and outpatient treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

One hundred and seventy nine women with abnormal smears referred for colposcopy to the Samaritan Hospital were studied. After confirming CIN on repeat smear, colposcopy and histology, cone biopsy was carried out. One hundred and twenty one patients (68%) had treatment either with electrical loop diathermy under local anaesthesia (105 patients, 59%) or laser excision of transformation zone under general anaesthesia as a day case (16 patients, 9%). Cone biopsy was done in 121 patients (32%). We conclude that colposcopy is a valuable tool in combination with cytology and histology for diagnosis and delineating the extent of CIN, thus avoiding unnecessary cone biopsies particularly in women of child bearing age. The majority of patients were treated by an outpatient procedure, which is easy to learn, safe, effective and inexpensive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[On the therapy of tractional retinal detachment without hole formation (author's transl)].

The authors describe 6 cases of tractional retinal detachment without hole formation--five as a result of intraocular metal splinter injuries and the sixth after scleral perforation following windshield injury which was overlooked. Splinter extraction was performed twice through the perforation and three times though the pars plana from the ouside. The time between the injury and appearance of the retinal detachment varied between four months and nine years. In every case there was a diffuse falt detachment without obvious tent formation. Reattachment was successful in five cases by release of the traction from the outside by cerclage with folding of the point of traction in the vitreous body and diathermy with drainage of the subretinal effusion. This method described gives relief only when vitreous strands traverse the whole bulbus crosswise. The follow-up period is up to the present three months to a year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Experimental nonpenetrating transscleral cyclodiathermy in rabbits.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acute and long-term effects of contact transscleral cyclodiathermy (CTCD) were studied in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the acute phase, three evenly spaced applications were placed at the limbus in each of four quadrants using the Ophthalmic Diathermy TR4000 (MIRA, Inc., Waltham, MA). Each quadrant of 17 eyes of 13 Dutchbelted rabbits was treated with radio frequencies (RFs) of 1.0 to 4.5, for times of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 to 3.0, and 4.0 to 10.0 seconds. Eyes were then immediately enucleated and fixed in Karnovsky's solution after the rabbits had been sacrificed with 3 ml of pentobarbital sodium. In the longitudinal phase, four groups of six rabbits each were treated with 20 evenly spaced applications at the limbus at one of four settings: 1.5 RFs/4 seconds, 2.0 RFs/3 seconds, 2.5 RFs/2 seconds, or 3.0 RFs/2 seconds. Intraocular pressures were measured on alternate days for 1 week prior to treatment and for 4 weeks after treatment, following which the eyes were enucleated and fixed in Karnovsky's solution. RESULTS: Gross examination of the acute phase eyes revealed blanching of the ciliary processes at RF settings of 2.5 and higher with exposure times of 1.5 seconds or longer. Gross and light microscopic studies showed that levels of destruction correlated positively with RF settings and exposure times. Higher RF levels resulted in scleral coagulation necrosis on light microscopy. In addition, there was coagulation necrosis of the pigmented and nonpigmented ciliary epithelium and stroma. Longitudinal phase study showed a significant decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) in the four groups of rabbits treated over the 4-week follow-up period (P = .005, multivariate analysis of variance [MANOVA]). Rabbits treated at higher RF levels sustained a greater IOP-lowering effect (P = .025, MANOVA). Gross and light microscopic examination revealed focal atrophy, fusion, and fibrosis of the ciliary processes. CONCLUSION: Nonpenetrating CTCD results in focal destruction of the ciliary body in rabbits. The authors found that significant reduction in IOP was possible over the 4-week follow-up period in the Dutch-belted rabbits treated, with greater IOP and tissue effects at higher RF settings.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic surgery in the developing world. An overview of the Indian scene.

We present experience of laparoscopic surgery commencing in 1972 with diagnostic laparoscopy in a Surgical Unit in Bombay. By 1990 we had completed 2800 diagnostic laparoscopies with no mortality, 0.08% complication rate, 85% positive diagnosis and an instrument cost of about Rs. 35 (US $ 1.2) per patient. We have over the past 5 years performed 890 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) with no mortality, no blood transfusion, and one CBD injury. With reusable equipment, monopolar diathermy and selective cholangiography, LC is cost-efficient in a developing country. Over this period over 60 laparoscopic appendectomies were performed, with the use of catgut ligatures and self-made endo-loops. laparoscopic appendectomy is cost-effective under our conditions. We have done 46 hernia repairs, and by contrast find it far more expensive and with inferior results to standard hernia repair. Advanced laparoscopy for ulcer and reflux disease, bowel resection, retroperitoneal and thoracic laparoscopy are being given a trial in several centres in the developing world.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1996

Introduction to different approaches to intrabronchial treatment.

The field of bronchoscopy has considerably expanded in recent years. The rigid and flexible bronchoscope are used both for diagnostic and increasingly for therapeutic procedures. For the therapeutic procedures, the term "interventional bronchoscopy" has been coined. Apart from the more traditional indications for interventional bronchoscopies, such as aspiration of secretions and removal of foreign bodies, the treatment of early lung cancer and of inoperable stenoses of the central airways - benign or malignant-has moved to the centre stage of interventional endoscopies. This review focuses on the technique and indication for the following procedures: dilatation, diathermy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser resection, brachytherapy and the insertion of stents (endoprostheses).

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Gas explosion during colonic surgery.

Explosions of the colon as a result of the use of diathermy in the presence of gas mixtures of oxygen, hydrogen and/or methane have been previously described in the literature. This danger is present during colonoscopic polypectomy as well as during colonic surgery. The following case is presented to alert to the potential hazards of bowel gas during electrosurgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Hemorrhoids--etiology, symptoms and therapy].

Hemorrhoids are a very widespread disease causing pain by thrombosis, fear by bleeding and be a burden by weeping and pruritus. The different treatments show the different interpretations of physicians and patients. This paper will give a view of the most common and standardized procedures. Rubber band ligation is the most effective procedure in treating 1st and 2nd grade hemorrhoids. Surgical procedure is best in 2nd and 3rd grade disease. Recurrency is between 0.5 and 5% only. Technical development in surgical practice was leading to less pain in postoperative period by using diathermy, non-traumatic technique and avoiding of tampons. Using these principles hemorrhoidectomy allows a short hospital stay according to the individual needs of the patient. Special care should be given on urinary retention, the most common complication in anorectal surgery.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1986

Four-port bimanual vitrectomy.

A further subdivision of functions during vitrectomy surgery has been enabled. By means of a separate, suture-secured fiberoptic endoilluminator and a modified infusion cannula located in the inferior quadrants, two superior sclerotomies are kept free for the use of a variety of simple and complex instruments, alone or in combination. Included among these are vitreous scissors, forceps, picks, spatulas, diathermy probes, and endophotocoagulators.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

New instrument for vitreoretinal membrane surgery.

We have designed a new instrument that dissects and cuts complex vitreoretinal membranes. It is a modified hook with a wedge-shaped front end. An anvil-like platform serves as a "chopping block." An oscillating knife, housed in the hollow shaft of the hook, is driven against the anvil to cut the membrane. The instrument is powered by compressed air and controlled by a multifunctional, portable console and universal pedal. We evaluated the system in 125 cases of complicated retinal detachment and found it to be effective, safe, reliable, and durable. The console and pedal can also serve to activate other instruments used in all intraocular microsurgical procedures, including vitrectomy and cataract surgery, and to interface with diathermy, cryosurgery, endolaser, and phacofragmentation machines.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1987

New instrumentation and technique for epiretinal surgery.

A multifunctional probe for vitreous surgery, which combines fiberoptic endoillumination, microforceps, bipolar diathermy, and infusion/aspiration, has allowed the development of an original technique for the peeling of very adherent preretinal membranes.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1994

A fiberoptic pick-manipulator for vitreoretinal surgery.

We have developed a new multifunction instrument for use during bimanual vitreoretinal surgery. The pick-manipulator provides the functions of a vitreoretinal pick, fiberoptic illumination, bipolar diathermy, and irrigation-aspiration of fluids and tissues in a single 19- or 20-gauge instrument.

Fiber Optic Technology↗
PubMed2000

Postoperative tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients: electrocautery (hot) vs cold dissection and snare tonsillectomy--a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the method of tonsillectomy on postoperative pain in pediatric patients. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: A university pediatric hospital in Aberdeen, Scotland. PATIENTS: A volunteer sample of 54 children, aged 3 to 12 years, with recurrent tonsillitis or symptomatic adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Two patients withdrew consent. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty-six children underwent a nonelectrical (ie, cold) dissection tonsillectomy with cold steel instruments, 5 of whom also had adenoidectomy by curettage. Monopolar diathermy forceps were used for tonsillar bed hemostasis. Twenty-four children had electrocautery (ie, hot) dissection tonsillectomy, 7 of whom underwent adenoidectomy by curettage without a suction coagulator. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative analgesic consumption, time to regain normal diet and activity levels, and complications. RESULTS: Patients who underwent hot dissection tonsillectomy showed no difference in time to first drink or analgesic use within the first 24 postoperative hours compared with children undergoing cold nonelectrical dissection tonsillectomy. The hot dissection tonsillectomy group took 7.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1-14.1) more doses of analgesics than the cold dissection group over the next 12 days (P<.05). The hot dissection tonsillectomy group took 2.5 more days than the cold dissection tonsillectomy group to regain normal diet (P<.05). Thirteen children (54%; 95% CI, 34-74) in the hot dissection tonsillectomy group and 6 (23%; 95% CI, 7-39) in the cold dissection tonsillectomy group sought outpatient care for throat pain, otalgia, poor diet, pyrexia, and/or bleeding (P<.05). Throat pain delayed in onset or of prolonged duration affected 9 children (38%; 95% CI, 19-57) in the hot dissection tonsillectomy group as opposed to 3 children (12%; 95% CI, 0-24) in the cold dissection tonsillectomy group (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Hot dissection tonsillectomy increases morbidity in pediatric patients in the recovery period following hospital discharge.

Adenoidectomy↗