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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Depersonalisation disorder: clinical features of 204 cases.

BACKGROUND: Depersonalisation disorder is a poorly understood and underresearched syndrome. AIMS: To carry out a large and comprehensive clinical and psychopathological survey of a series of patients who made contact with a research clinic. METHOD: A total of 204 consecutive eligible referrals were included: 124 had a full psychiatric examination using items of the Present State Examination to define depersonalisation/derealisation and 80 had either a telephone interview (n=22) or filled out a number of self-report questionnaires. Cases assessed were diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS: The mean age of onset was 22.8 years; early onset was associated with greater severity. There was a slight male preponderance. The disorder tended to be chronic and persistent. Seventy-one per cent met DSM-IV criteria for primary depersonalisation disorder. Depersonalisation symptom scores correlated with both anxiety and depression and a past history of these disorders was commonly reported. 'Dissociative amnesia' was not prominent. CONCLUSIONS: Depersonalisation disorder is a recognisable clinical entity but appears to have significant comorbidity with anxiety and depression. Research into its aetiology and treatment is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The use of hypnosis with dissociative disorders.

The dissociative disorders are characterized by difficulties in the integration of memory and/or identity. Typically this is manifested by amnesia and either the development of alternate identities or an estrangement from one's own identity. Spontaneous and self-generated dissociative states and phenomena sharing much in common with those that can be induced with hypnosis are thought to play a major role in their development, symptomatology, and perpetuation. Medical heterohypnosis offers a powerful tool to reestablish a functional continuity of memory and identity in many such cases. The application of hypnotic interventions in the treatment of such conditions will be discussed, explored, and illustrated with clinical vignettes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1964

DEPERSONALISATION.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Depersonalization↗
PubMed1992

[How does the schizophrenic nuclear syndrome arise? Results of the Bonn transition series study and Anglo-American models--a comparison].

The value of neurobiological theories of schizophrenia depends in the long run on their usefulness when the genesis of diagnostically relevant features is to be made plausible. That is why in recent Anglo-American research on schizophrenia more and more subtly differentiated models have been developed to explain even highly complex psychotic changes of experiences in terms of neurobiologically founded cognitive deficits. Empirical testing, however, was hardly possible, since there did not exist any studies dealing with the hypothesized connections between psychosis and psychological deficit. This situation has now changed with the Bonn study of sequences of transition from experiences of deficiency to first rank symptoms. Its overall result permits an empirically based assessment of the genesis of all elements constituting the schizophrenic nuclear syndrome according to the "Present State Examination". In the present contribution the results concerning the genesis of thought insertion, -withdrawal, -broadcasting, and first rank verbal hallucinations are singled out and compared to the corresponding Anglo-American models. The summary results in a sweeping confirmation, yet it also reveals the insufficiency of a simply "rationalistic" view of the symptom genesis.

Arousal↗
PubMed1992

New epidemiologic findings about insomnia and its treatment.

This paper examines several clinical concerns about the shorter half-life benzodiazepine hypnotics from an epidemiologic perspective. It draws on data from (1) 1979 and 1990 comprehensive probability-based U.S. national household surveys of the medical use of psychotherapeutic medications; (2) a 1990 four-city community-based volunteer call-in survey of the beneficial and adverse effects of hypnotics; and (3) an analogous random-digit dialing telephone survey in the general population. The issues addressed are abuse liability, rebound, depersonalization/derealization, paranoid feelings, accidents/injuries, and the unexamined consequences of the target illness in assessments of benefit-risk. In populations representative of everyday outpatient practice, we found that (1) the abuse liability of benzodiazepine hypnotics with shorter and longer elimination half-lives was generally low and comparable; (2) prevalence rates for rebound were low and not differential for flurazepam, temazepam, triazolam, and OTC sleeping pills; (3) reports of a single or an occasional experience involving depersonalization/derealization or paranoid feelings were fairly frequent in normals, in insomnia patients prior to treatment, and in persons with untreated insomnia; (4) treatment-emergent rates of occurrence for these same symptoms were low and not drug-specific; (5) past-year prevalence rates for serious accidents/injuries were much higher for chronic untreated insomnia than for normal controls and most groups treated with psychotherapeutic medications. A high proportion of past-year users of hypnotics were satisfied with their medication and would take it again.

Accidents↗
PubMed1992

[Reflections of a child psychiatrist on the diagnosis and hospitalization in psychiatry of adults: an experience of David Rosenhan].

In the 1970s, David Rosenhan and seven other persons were hospitalized in twelve different psychiatric hospitals, pretending having heard voices uttering such words as void, hollow, thud. They were immediately hospitalized with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and, for one of them, of bipolar condition. Right after entering hospital, they reversed to normal behavior. None of them had a psychiatric history. Nevertheless, they were released after a time lapse of 7 to 52 days with a mean of 19 days. Release diagnosis was the same as the admission with the adjunct "in remission". D. Rosenhan points out the contextual and incertain aspect of the diagnosis and underlines the fact that it is apparently impossible to consider as being normal a person who has been admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric labels stick to the skin. D. Rosenhan describes the pervasive boredom in a psychiatric hospital and the general set which leads to de-personalization. C. Chiland gives some precisions on what lead D. Rosenhan to undertake such an "experiment". She analyzes the reactions of the American psychiatric community which felt attacked in it's knowledge to the point of entirely rejecting the message. Indeed the criticism concerned the contextual aspect of diagnosis in the framework of the Gestaltpsychology and called to a necessary awareness of what is experienced by a hospitalized patient. Instead of seeking solutions to ward off the negative effects of the psychiatric hospital, effects that are inherent to any total institution, the community has rejected Rosenhan's experiment as being based on faking. Should a child psychiatrist feel securely innocent? The danger of labelling does exist for the children and their parents. Although a one-way choice in the dynamic contradiction between segregation and integration is not possible, one nevertheless has to remain vigilant regarding the institutions, even in day-care ones, so as to avoid imprisoning the child in rejection or stagnation attitudes.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

[Burn out syndrome in oncology].

SEPS or burnout syndrome was described among health care workers. Oncology care givers--physicians and nurses--can be concerned. Burnout is a chronical stress reaction. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation are more prevalent than low personal accomplishment. Burnout is essentially assessed by questionnaires. Oncologists report an higher level of burnout, than AIDS medical or palliative care staff. Causes of burn out are numerous: insufficient personal time, sense of failure,... followed by poorly management and difficulties in staff or institution relationships. Prevention and therapy of burn out can be considered on three levels: personal, (psychotherapy, advices on health way of life), team (improvement in communication) and institution (support meetings and talking groups).

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed2005

[Chronic depersonalisation following cannabis use].

A 19-year-old patient had developed a depersonalisation disorder following the use of considerable amounts of cannabis for several weeks two years before. The symptoms decreased sharply after treatment with a serotonergic antidepressant. In cases of persistent or recurrent symptoms of depersonalisation, both psychiatric and somatic causes should be looked for. In cases of primary depersonalisation, the use of (soft) drugs should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Various forms of pharmaco- and psychotherapy seem to be able to reduce the symptoms. However, the effectiveness of no treatment has yet been proven.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The coexistence of the intermetamorphosis and Foley syndromes: an interhemispheric disconnection or a limbic hyperconnection?].

The case of a patient with both, the intermetamorphosis and the Foley syndromes is studied. Both of these syndromes are extremely infrequent and their coexistence in a single patient points up to a common etiopathogenic mechanism. The relevant literature is discussed and a limbic hyperconnection syndrome is proposed to explain the clinical findings as well as the positive response to valproic acid.

Adult↗