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PubMed1996

The creative aspect of dynamic psychotherapy: parallels between the construction of experienced reality in the literary and the psychotherapeutic process.

Aesthetic experience and psychotherapeutic practice are compared. Beginning with the assumption that memories, imaginings and feelings are aesthetic categories, it is shown that aesthetic experience is elementary in the shaping and structuring of the experiences of human beings, both in psychotherapeutic communication and in the process of production and reception in literature. The aesthetic shaping of events into integrated experiences in the course of the therapeutic encounter might have a healing effect in its own right. To this extent, the therapeutic process should be regarded both as a joint process of creation and as a process of interpretation. As in writing and reading a literary work of art, the therapeutic process consists of special functions of productivity/poiesis, receptivity/aesthesis, and communicative interaction/catharsis. The psychic mechanism of projective identification may help us understand this emotional and cognitive interchange psychodynamically. Further graphic associations and visual imaginings that arise in the patient and in the therapist are considered, like literary works of art, to function as "transitional objects." These creations of patient and therapist, artist and recipient serve to consolidate formerly nonintegrated and therefore pathogenic experiences. A fruitful psychodynamic work is always situated in the tense relationship between the aesthetic shaping of emotions and the scientific interpretation of inner and outer facts.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Humor and creative life styles.

This paper is based upon the writings of William James in the late 19th century, and Alfred Adler and Sigmund Freud in the 20th, enriched by the contributions of later personality and role theorists. The self is defined as the unique organization of each person; a style is the self in action. Different life styles and their components are expressed in different situations. I posit that humor and positive thinking, combined with meaning and purpose, are vital components of all constructive life styles. The knowledge of life styles cuts through diagnostic labels to reveal our universal humanity. It can be fruitfully applied to patients and nonpatients alike and, I found, for the self-understanding of therapist. The clinical application of life styles is illustrated through numerous vignettes.

Creativity↗