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PubMed2001

[The development of a respiration and temperature monitor].

This paper introduces the design of a monitoring system to measure the respiration and temperature of a body with an 8Xc196 single-chip microcomputer. This system can measure and display the respiration wave, respiration frequency and the body temperature in real-time with a liquid crystal display (LCD) and give an alarm when the parameters are beyond the normal scope. In addition, this device can provide a 24 hours trend graph of the respiration frequency and the body temperature parameters measured. Data can also be exchanged through serial communication interfaces (RS232) between the PC and the monitor.

Body Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computers and vision.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed2001

[On-screen work and visual fatigue and its course after ophthalmologic management].

INTRODUCTION: The number of staff subjected to significant amounts of on-screen work with visual complaints is currently increasing. OBJECTIVE: This epidemiological study aimed to observe the influence of changes in working conditions and an ophthalmological treatment on vision and eye complaints due to on-screen work. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This comparative study included a transversal initial study on the visual symptoms and function as well as a longitudinal follow-up of the efficacy of the recommendations given by the company medical officer. The studied subjects were be exposed to screen irradiation for at least 4 hours a day during the study. The control group was selected according to the age, sex, and education level of the investigated group. RESULTS: We examined 814 subjects under investigation and 325 control subjects. The subjective signs of visual fatigue with on-screen work (burning or stinging eyes, diplopia or blurred vision after work, tearing, globe heaviness and fatigue, and headaches, the latter particularly in female subjects) were significantly more frequent in the exposed group than in the control group. A statistically significant correlation was found with the following factors: poor working conditions, frequent keyboard data entry, far vision optic correction, far vision significantly more often corrected to less than 10/10 at least in one eye, and, finally, near vision exophoria more than 7 diopters. We re-examined 465 exposed and 139 control subjects 1 and 2 years after consultation with the company medical officer. Following the recommendations proved to be effective in 50.5% of the employees. Improving vision by changing the optical correction showed the strongest statistical relation with the decrease in visual fatigue complaints. Organizational and material improvements also led to positive effects on functional discomfort. DISCUSSION: The far vision of those exposed to screen irradiation was significantly worse than in those who were not exposed. The people from the exposed group had vision correction significantly more often. The probable relation between progressive myopia and on-screen work is not excluded, but further investigation is needed. The proposed measures were effective for preventing visual fatigue. However, 49.5% of the study group had persistent visual symptoms, probably because of not following the recommendations, not having an ergonomic correction, or because modifications of blinking, tear film, and the ocular surface were ot taken into account. CONCLUSION: The coordination between the occupational medicine and ophthalmology departments during this study has significantly reduced visual fatigue. Nevertheless, there is still a considerable number of people from the exposed group with persistent symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Short-term effects of workstation exercises on musculoskeletal discomfort and postural changes in seated video display unit workers.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In recent years, a number of exercise programs have been developed for computer operators in order to promote movement and to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort. Tests of the effectiveness of these exercise programs, especially in field trials, are rare. The authors tested the hypothesis that doing regular, short-term (<10 days) exercises while at a workstation would decrease musculoskeletal discomfort and increase in-chair movement (ICM). SUBJECTS: Eleven directory assistance operators (8 female, 3 male) with no recent history of musculoskeletal problems volunteered. METHODS: In-chair movement was measured by tracking the center of pressure at the buttock-chair interface as subjects sat on a pressure-sensitive mat. Musculoskeletal discomfort was rated through the use of the Body Part Discomfort Scale (BPDS) and a body map. We used a revised Dataspan exercise program. Operators were tested for 2 hours, on 2 occasions: before and after doing exercises for 3- to 5-day shifts. During each test, ICM was measured during three 15-minute periods at the start of the test and at the end of hours 1 and 2. Subjects rated musculoskeletal discomfort per body part using the BPDS at 30, 60, and 120 minutes of each test. The effects of exercises on ICM and BPDS ratings were examined with a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with day (2) x time (3) designs. RESULTS: When subjects were doing their exercises, ICM was higher at the start and hour 1, and perceived discomfort was lower during each test period (start, hour 1, and hour 2). When not exercising, subjects' musculoskeletal discomfort increased over time and was higher during all test periods. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Exercises done by video display unit operators while at a workstation resulted in short-term decreases in both musculoskeletal discomfort and postural immobility. These results suggest that workstation exercises may be beneficial.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Visual function study in work with computer].

This investigation searched for the relationship between amount of nearwork, asthenopic symptoms and visual function, in a group of office workers engaged in telemarketing. Phoria, monocular accommodative facility with +/- 2 lens flippers and near point of convergence were measured in 100 office workers (mean age 21 +/- 2.6 years) whose uncorrected visual acuity was 20/30 or better. Daily hours of reading hard-copy and of computer use, and the level of asthenopic symptoms, were measured using a questionnaire. In this sample, telemarketers were involved 5.84 +/- 2.02 daily hours in computer use, and 2.87 +/- 2.13 daily hours in reading. The following asthenopic symptoms were present twice or more times in a week: headaches 16%, pain in the eyes 17%, red eyes 18%, blurred vision 10%, double vision 3%, burning eyes 19% and watery eyes 19%. An association was found between the amount of hours using computers and red eyes (chi 2 = 4.4, p = 0.0359) or blurred vision (chi 2 = 8.35, p = 0.0038). And also between deficit of convergence and headaches (chi 2 = 4.3313, p = 0.0374) or red eyes (chi 2 = 3.6416, p = 0.0564). No other associations could be found between the accommodative facility test results, the near point phoria, and the amount of nearwork or the asthenopic symptoms. In conclusion, computer use in telemarketing is associated with few asthenopic symptoms. Near point of convergence should be routinely measured, as it is associated with some asthenopic symptoms.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2002

Digital mammography.

Digital mammography, using novel detector technology, has been shown to be at least as sensitive as screen-film mammography for detecting early breast cancer. However, there are barriers to overcome, particularly in soft-copy display, workstation design, and equipment cost. These problems are actively being addressed and are solvable, eventually allowing digital mammography to assume a "prime time" role.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

The gap between exposure and implementation of computer workstation ergonomics in the workplace.

The population of people using computers is increasing in home, school and work environments [20,21]. Research suggests that more computer usage may lead to increased incidence of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorder (UECTD) and other work related musculoskeletal injuries [8]. Yet, proper computer workstation ergonomics training is not readily available. This pilot study attempts to better understand the gap between ergonomic interventions and the initiation of work-practice change. The pilot study used self-report through an anonymous Internet survey to explore university faculty and staff training in computer workstation ergonomics, assess UECTD and other computer-use related symptoms, and learn about the respondents' success implementing their knowledge of computer workstation ergonomics. The 55 respondents ranged in age from 21 to 65, and spent an average of 5.3 hours at the computer during a typical workday. Over 70% of respondents experienced symptoms associated with excessive computer use. Although 60% of respondents had exposure to computer workstation ergonomics information, less than 10% reported implementing their knowledge of computer workstation ergonomics in their tasks. This paper looks at organizational and individual issues preventing the implementation of computer workstation ergonomics in the workplace. The Transtheoretical Model for Health Behavior Change [25,27] is used to further evaluate effectiveness of ergonomic interventions. Recommendations for interventions and future evaluations are presented.

Adult↗