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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Helminth remains from prehistoric Indian coprolites on the Colorado Plateau.

Examination of coprolites excavated from archaeological sites in the Americas demonstrates excellent preservation of helminth eggs and, in some cases, larvae. To gain an understanding of helminth parasitism in prehistory on the Colorado Plateau of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, 319 coprolites from 5 archaeological sites were analyzed. Helminth eggs and larvae were recovered after the coprolites were rehydrated, screened, and sedimented. At a sixth site, soils excavated from 5 rooms used as latrine areas were processed with palynological techniques. The results indicate that all but 1 of the prehistoric populations examined were infected with intestinal worms. The helminths implicated are Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, cf. Ascaris lumbricoides, cf. Trichostrongylus sp., cf. Strongyloides sp., taeniid cestodes, and hymenolepidid cestodes. The study suggests that prehistoric hunter-gatherer peoples carried fewer helminth parasites than agriculturalists. At 1 site, it appears that increased helminth parasitism preceded abandonment of the village.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Parasites in East Germany. 8. Helminths of Ondatra zibethica].

In 1984/85 80 muskrats have been investigated by helminthological autopsy. Helminth infection was established in 72 animals. Altogether 4 trematodes, 7 cestodes and 2 nematodes were found. 2 cestodes were detected for the first time in the muskrat. Relations between parasite fauna and biotope are recognizable.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Causative agent of human diphyllobothriasis--Diphyllobothrium klebanovskii sp. n].

A new cestode species, Diphyllobothrium klebanovskii sp. n., is described on the basis of experimental examination and morphological study of 51 specimens expelled from men in lower part of the Amur river and 18 specimens expelled from golden hamsters. The larval stage of this cestode is plerocercoid of type F, which is localized in muscles of Oncorhynchus keta and O. gorbuscha. D. klebanovskii sp. n. is a marine species, it differs from D. latum and other species of the genus Diphyllobothrium.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Characteristics of the effect of exometabolites of the cysticerci of the cat tapeworm Hydatigera taeniaeformis on fibroblasts in organ cultures].

The influence of the cestode H. taeniaeformis cysticercus exometabolites on the fibroblasts of their capsule in organ culture was studied. Half of explants were cultured in the presence of cestodes (the ratio between the parasite body weight and the cultural medium volume being 1:10 g/ml). After 2-30 days of cultivation the explants were examined by histological, histoautoradiographic and electron microscopic methods. The influence of cysticercus exometabolites on the culture resembled that of the growth-stimulating factors. The young, actively proliferating fibroblasts were mainly observed in the explants of the capsules cultured in the presence of cysticerci. Among the mature cells, fibroblasts with the predominance of the fibroclastic function were noticed rather than with the function of collagen biosynthesis. It is suggested that the change in the differentiation ways of fibroblasts may be due to some biologically active substrates of the cysticercus to be directed on slowing down the maturation of the connective tissue capsule.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Parasitic helminths of flying starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.) in their nesting area].

1.150 flying starlings and 226 pulli have been necropsied and their helminth parasites collected. Localities where the birds has been captured are given in table 1 and the map. Flying birds are parasited in the proportion of 97.1%. There are three trematodes species, eight cestodes, six nematodes and one acanthocephalan (table 2). Differences are noted according with the locality, the season and the age of the bird. Pulli are parasited by 47% with a very important difference between the two places. The number of parasitic species is lesser: one trematode, two cestodes and three nematodes. The helminthological fauna of belgian starlings seems common but more important and much varied that in the birds hibernating in North Africa.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Collembola--possible intermediate hosts of Avitellina arctica (Cestoda, Anoplocephalata)].

A brief description of larvae of cestodes of A. arctica at their different developmental stages in experimentally infected collembola Onychiurus (Protaphorura) taimyrica and O. (P.) furcifer is given. Developed cysticercoids were observed 70 days after the infection. Collembola under natural conditions are supposed to be intermediate hosts of cestodes of A. arctica, parasites of reindeer.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Parasites present in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) of the province of Forli].

In the period March 1983 - March 1984 a parasitological survey was carried out on 103 foxes killed in the Forli province (Italy). The parasites identified were: Toxocara canis (45.6%); Uncinaria stenocephala (14.6%); Mesocestoides lineatus (9.7%); Dipylidium caninum (2.9%); Taenia crassiceps (2.9%); Trichuris vulpis (2.9%). Out of all the cestodes found in 7 animals the authors identified only genus Taenia since their preservation conditions were not optimal. Other 13 subjects contained many cestodes similar to T. hydatigena, but considerably shorter in the mean length (20 cm vs 200). In a fecal sample the authors found a species of coccidium whose features do not correspond to any of those described in foxes, therefore it was called Eimeria sp. Finally, the autopsies' results were compared with coprological ones in order to asses their reliability.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Studies on sylvatic echinococcosis. V. Factors influencing prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart 1863, in red foxes from North Dakota, 1965--1972.

A total of 1,153 red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, was examined for strobilae of Echinococcus multilocularis from 2 geographic regions in North Dakota during 1965 through 1972. Echinococcus multilocularis was found in 184 (16%) of these foxes. The data including date and location of collection, age and sex of the host, and presence or absence of the cestode were used to assess the relative influence of collection interval (sampling period), climatic season, geographic location, and age and sex of the host on the prevalence of the adult cestode. The rate of infection varied significantly with collection interval, which was probably attributable to annual changes in the overall environment. Seasonally, the highest prevalences were observed during summer (32.4%) followed by spring (25.3%), autumn (13.7%) and winter (6.4%). Differences in prevalence between adult and juvenile foxes and that between male and female foxes were not significant. A 3-factor analysis of variance showed the order of importance of the significant variables to be collection interval, season, and the interaction of collection interval and season. A 4-factor ANOVA, which in addition to the above variables included geographic location, showed that the collection interval-location interaction had significant effects on prevalence. Also, evidence is presented that suggests that density of the definitive host may in part be responsible for annual fluctuation in prevalence.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of cobalamin receptor sites in brush-border plasma membranes of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides.

The interaction of receptor sites in microtriches (brush-border) membranes isolated from the sparganum (larva) of the cestode (tapeworm) Spirometra mansonoides with [57Co]cyanocobalamin (CN-[57Co]Cbl) has been characterized on the basis of the following criteria: time dependence, reversibility, high-affinity binding, finite binding capacity, and ligand specificity. The association of CN-[57Co]Cbl to isolated microtriches membranes at 22 degrees C reached equilibrium in approximately 90 min. The initial rate of association follows second order kinetics with an association rate constant (ka) of 1.1 X 10(6) M-1 S-1. In the presence of an excess of unlabeled CN-Cbl, the receptor CN-[57Co]Cbl complex dissociated according to first order kinetics with a dissociation constant (kd) of 4.4 X 10(-4) S-1. An equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 0.4 nM was calculated on the basis of rate constants (KD = kd/ka). Scatchard analysis of equilibrium-binding data revealed a single class of high affinity binding sites with a KD of 0.3 nM and a maximum binding capacity for CN-Cbl of 221 fmol/mg of membrane protein. The stereo-specificity of CN-Cbl binding to receptor sites in isolated microtriches membranes was determined using various Cbl analogs. Receptor-site binding affinity was lowered by the following modifications: deamination of the b-, d-, and e-propionamide side chains to the corresponding monocarboxylate derivatives; modification of the B pyrrole ring to lactam or lactone; substitution of the benzimidazole moiety by a purine; modification of the benzimidazole; or deletion of the entire nucleotide moiety. On the basis of the action of trypsin and pronase, this CN-Cbl receptor may contain a relatively exposed membrane protein. The physiological role of this CN-Cbl receptor in the binding, internalization, and metabolism of Cbl is discussed in relation to cestodes and their mammalian hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Changes in germinative cell frequencies in the germinative region of Hymenolepis diminuta during development.

Changes in the frequency of germinative cells were measured daily during prepatent development in five-worm infections of Hymenolepis diminuta as well as at regular intervals during patency in five- and 20-worm infections. Frequency changes of this cell were found to correlate closely to the normal growth pattern of this cestode during prepatent development. Significant changes were also seen to occur during patency. However, the pattern of these changes appeared to be modified as the number of worms per host increased. By 90 days postinfection, cestodes recovered from 20-worm infections could be divided into two populations of distinctly different sizes. Significant differences in germinative cell frequency also occurred between these two populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Hyperplastic gastropathy in the rat due to Taenia taeniaeformis infection: parabiotic transfer and hypergastrinemia.

Development of the cestode parasite Taenia taeniaeformis in the liver of rats results in gross hyperplastic changes in the stomach and small intestine. In this study we investigated the mechanism by which these lesions are induced. Acutely infected rats were joined surgically to syngeneic noninfected partners in parabiosis. When hyperplastic gastropathy developed in those rats with heavy hepatic infections with cestodes, it also occurred in the uninfected partners of the parabiotic pairs. Gastric changes were usually more severe in the uninfected partner. Duodenal mastocytosis developed in both partners, even when parasite burdens were light in the infected rats. intact chronically infected rats with hyperplastic gastropathy developed markedly elevated serum levels of the hormone, gastrin (approximately 30-fold greater than normal). When rats were antrectomized 24-48 h after infection, gastric hyperplasia still developed, but hypergastrinemia was prevented or was of only moderate degree. There was no correlation between serum gastrin levels and the degree of gastrointestinal change in the intact rats, but hypergastrinemia never developed in infected animals which did not show hyperplasia in the stomach or intestine. When infected rats were bled serially over the first 100 days of infection, hypergastrinemia developed abruptly between 50 and 60 days after infection. These results suggest that the alterations in serum gastrin levels were secondary to the development of hyperplastic changes in the gastrointestinal tract of infected rats. The primary stimuli for both the hyperplasia and the hypergastrinemia remain unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Parasites of Austrian birds of prey (Falconiformes)].

During the examination of 158 birds of prey -- Buteo buteo (85), Falco tinnunculus (30), Accipiter gentilis (19), Accipiter nisus (18), Circus aeruginosus (2), Circus pygargus (1), Pandion haliaetus (1), Pernis apivorus (1), Falco subbuteo (1) and faeces samples of Falco tinnunculus 4 protozoan species, 1 trematode species, 2 cestode species, 13 nematode species, 2 acanthocephalan species and 5 mallophaga species could be detected. In the buzzard, kestrel and goshawk a new species of Capillaria could be found and described as Eucoleus suppereri spec. nov. A new species of Synhimantus, Synhimantus (Dispharynx) falconis spec. nov. was diagnosed. The infestation frequency of endo- and ectoparasites was relatively high, whereas the infestation intensity was small or mediocre on an average. The highest rate of infestation was found with trematodes and cestodes. The significance of the analysis of crop- and stomach-cntents as a guarantee of diagnosis "psuedoparasitism" was pointed out.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tapeworm fauna of gallinaceans (Galliformes) of Vietnam].

131 specimens of 3 species of Galliformes from Vietnam were investigated (Gallus gallus dom., G. g. jaboruillei, Francolinus pintadeanus and Lophora nycthemerus). In them 9 species of cestodes were found as follows: Davainea proglottina (Davainea, 1860), Cotugnia digonopora (Pasquale, 1890), Raillietina tetragona (Molin, 1858), R. echinobothrida (Megnin, 1880), Skrjabinia cesticillus (Molin, 1858), Paroniella tinguiana Tubangui et Masilungan, 1937, Amoebotaenia cuneata (Linstow, 1872), Echinolepis carioca (Magalhaes, 1898), Dilepidoides bauchei (Joyeux, 1924). In domestic hens there were found all 9 species of cestodes while in wild Galliformes--only 7, which are mentioned for them for the first time.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parasitic infection of Camelus dromedarius from Iran.

25 intestinal tract, 30 oesophagus and respiratory organs and 47 liver of arabian camel were examined. 35 species of Nematodes two species of Cestodes one immature Trematode one cestodes larvae, one Diptera larvae, one Microfilaria of lung worm and two external parasites were found. This is a first report of helminths in camel from Iran. The Nematodes: Physocephalus sexalatus, Ascarops strongylina, Haemonchus contortus, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus oratianus, Nematodirella longissimespiculata, Trichostrongylus axei and Gongylonema pulchrum are reported for the first time from Camel.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Inquiry of veterinarians in Niedersachsen concerning the occurrence of parasitic diseases and their control in small animals].

A questionnaire was sent to all veterinarians in Lower Saxony (approximately 3500). The regular occurrence of parasitic infections in small animals, problems with particular parasites, the routine application of diagnostic and therapeutic measures, and the significance of Echinococcus multilocularis were asked for. Due to the disappointing low number of filled-in questionnaires sent back by the practitioners (n = 68) a statistical analysis of the data was not applicable. Nevertheless, certain trends could be recognized. Cestodes and ascarids are stated as regularly occurring parasites of dogs (92.1% and 94.1%) and cats (94.1% and 95.6%) by most veterinarians. Cestodes are most frequently regarded as parasites causing problems in dogs (16.2%) and cats (17.5%). Pyrantel and praziquantel are the anthelmintics preferred by the majority of the practitioners for the treatment of parasitic infections in dogs (86.7% and 63.2%) and cats (47.1% and 75.0%). Coproscopical methods are performed by most veterinarians (92.6%) and they are generally regarded as adequate diagnostic tools (86.8%). To date, Echinococcus multilocularis is not noticed as a major problem in Lower Saxony by the practitioners, although sporadically veterinarians are asked for advice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Development of early larval forms of Moniezia expansa under laboratory conditions].

Three species of oribatid mites: Scheloribates latipes, Pergalumna nervosa and Ceratozetes sp. were experimentally infected with Moniezia expansa eggs or oncospheres. The intermediate hosts were kept under constant laboratory conditions at 27 degrees C and 80% relative humidity. Three species of oribatid mites became infected and completely developed cestode cysticercoids were found. The early part of life cycle of M. expansa was studied in S. latipes. The mites were examined on 20th, 24th and 29th day after cestode oncosphera invasion. A fully formed cysticercoid of M. expansa was observed on 29th day after infection. The mean of intensity of infection was 1-5 cysticercoids per mite. The infected and living oribatid mites could be kept under laboratory conditions for 7 months. The cysticercoids which had been recovered from S. latipes after this time were able to infect sheep.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The systematic position of Hymenolepididae (Cestoda) from Australian marsupials].

A review of Hymenolepididae from Australian Marsupialia is given. These cestodes are transmitted out of the genus Hymenolepis, into which they were previously included. 3 species of them are transmitted to the genus Rodentolepis, and 7 species are arranged as a new genus Potorolepis. The diagnosis of Potorolepis and a list of species included are given. Possible phylogenetic relations of the genus Potorolepis with nearest groups of cestodes are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reactive changes in hemopoiesis in hymenolepiasis].

Signs of hypoplastic anemia in experimental hymenolepiasis become manifest when immature cestodes develop and gain severity at the stage of mature cestodes. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils acquires an undulating pattern. Dehelminthization of mice with fenasal (1000 mg/kg/day) or asinox (75 mg/kg, daily) made hypoplastic processes in the bone marrow reversible and precluded routine undulation of phagocytosis.

Animals↗