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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Genetic variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 within three species of Progamotaenia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from macropodid marsupials.

Sequence variation within 3 morphologically defined species of the anoplocephalid cestode genus Progamotaenia (P. ewersi, P. macropodis and P. zschokkei) was investigated using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. The magnitude of genetic variation detected within each morphospecies suggests that, in each instance, several cryptic species are present. Within P. ewersi, 5 genetically distict groups of cestodes were detected, 1 shared by Macropus robustus and M. parryi in Queensland, 1 in M. agilis from Queensland, 1 in Petrogale assimilis from Queensland, 1 in Macropus fuliginosus from South Australia and 1 in Wallabia bicolor from Victoria. In P. macropodis, cestodes from M. robustus from Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory, M. parryi from Queensland and M. eugenii from South Australia were genetically distinct from those in Wallabia bicolor from Queensland and Victoria and from M. fuliginosus from South Australia. P. zschokkei consisted of a number of genetically distinct groups of cestodes, 1 in Lagorchestes conspicillatus and L. hirsutus from Queensland and the Northern Territory respectively, 1 in Petrogale herberti, P. assimilis and M. dorsalis from Queensland, 1 in Onychogalea fraenata from Queensland, 1 in M. agilis from Queensland and 1 in Thylogale stigmatica and T. thetis from Queensland. In general, genetic groups within each morphospecies were host specific and occurred predominantly in a particular macropodid host clade. Comparison of genetic relationships of cestodes with the phylogeny of their hosts revealed examples of colonization (P. zschokkei in M. agilis) and of host switching (P. zschokkei in M. dorsalis).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Medium-term temporal stability of the helminth component community structure in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from the Mazury Lake District region of Poland.

The structure of helminth communities in wild rodents is subject to seasonal variation, and is dependent on host age within years. Although between-year variation has been monitored, seldom has it been assessed rigorously by appropriate multifactorial analysis with potentially confounding factors taken into account. In this study we tested the null hypothesis that despite seasonal, host age and sex effects, helminth communities should show relative stability between years. Over a period of 3 years (1998-2000) we sampled bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) populations (total n = 250) at 2 points in the year: in spring, at the start of the breeding season, and in autumn, after the cessation of breeding. In spite of seasonal differences and strong age effects, the between-year effects were surprisingly small. Measures of component community structure (Berger-Parker dominance index, the dominant species, S. petrusewiczi) did not vary, or varied only slightly from year to year. The majority of measures of infracommunity structure [Brillouin's index of diversity, prevalence of all helminths combined, prevalence and abundance of H. mixtum (the most prevalent helminth), mean species richness] did not differ significantly between years when other factors such as age, sex and seasonal variation had been taken into account. Some between-year variations were found (at the component community level, Simpson's index of diversity; at the infracommunity level, prevalence and abundance of S. petrusewiczi and abundance of all helminths combined), but even these were modest in comparison to seasonal and age differences, and were primarily attributable to S. petrusewiczi. We conclude that despite dynamic within-year fluctuations, helminth communities in bank voles in this region of Poland show relative stability across years. The sporadic occurrence of individual platyhelminths at low prevalence, makes little difference to the overall structure, which is largely maintained by the key roles played by the dominant intestinal nematodes of bank voles and the rarer species collectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Development of monogenean communities on the gills of roach fry (Rutilus rutilus).

The formation and development of monogenean communities on the gills of roach fry was followed in 1992 from early June to October (size range 9 to 47 mm). Roach fry (n = 291) were sampled weekly from the small, humic River Rutajoki in central Finland. A further 209 roach fry were reared in a fish farm supplied by water from the river. Four Dactylogyrus species were found: D. nanus, D. crucifer, D. micracanthus and D. suecicus. Other species found on the gills were Gyrodactylus sp. and Paradiplozoon homoion. The first Dactylogyrus juvenile occurred on a 12 mm long fish fry in late June and the first adult (D. nanus) 1 week later in Tank 1. D. nanus was also the most common parasite in the river. Young fry had high numbers of Gyrodactylus sp. on the gills compared with adult roach in previous studies. Signs of site preference were found; D. nanus and D. micracanthus preferred the 2nd gill-arch and Dactylogyrus juveniles the outmost one. Abundances of monogenean infracommunities increased until the middle of August when, on average, 1.9 species and 3.7 worms per fry were noted and decreased then as the water temperatures fell. A lack of competition between species is suggested; for example, D. crucifer appeared on the gills at that time when abundance of D. nanus was at its highest. The roach fry hatched and reared in the fish farm revealed that larvae of the most common dactylogyrid species were able to disseminate and colonize over 120 m from the river to the farm. Influence of change colonization events was shown by the appearance and development of Gyrodactylus sp. population on roach fry in only 1 of the 2 tanks at the farm.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Tritiated thymidine ([3H]-TdR) and immunocytochemical tracing of cellular fate within the asexually dividing cestode Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti).

This report documents the presence of an active thymidine kinase (TK) system within Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia as quantified by tritiated thymidine ([3H]-TdR) incorporation using liquid scintillation counting. A 100-fold increase in [3H]-TdR incorporation was observed at 37 degrees C when compared with its incorporation at 0 degrees C. Thymidine's competitive analogue, BrdU, competed for sites within newly replicated DNA. Immunohistochemical trials performed here using antibodies against BrdU identified cells that have entered and passed through S-phase. Positively stained nuclei were most numerous at the anterior tip of tetrathyridia especially within the ganglia, lesser numbers of these cells occurred along the growing commissure and amongst surface tegumental cytons suggesting that stem cells do not exist in one region but are found throughout the entire body. As M. vogae has no internal organ systems the major sites for cell proliferation are those exhibiting maximal cell recruitment and undergoing tissue repair. These results show that it is possible to monitor changes in the cell recruitment pattern within this cestode. Thus use of BrdU and immunohistochemistry demonstrates how spatial arrangement and cellular reorganization can be successfully traced within M. vogae.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Studies in potential filaricides. 18. Synthesis of 2,2'-disubstituted 5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketones and related compounds as potential anthelmintics.

A series of 2,2'-disubstituted 5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketones and related compounds have been synthesized of which 2,2'-bis(carbomethoxyamino)-5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketone exhibited a broad spectrum of anthelmintic activity in experimental animals. At doses of 10-50 mg/kg given intraperitoneally, 5 killed 100% of the adult worms of Litomosoides carinii, Dipetalonema viteae, and Brugia malayi. By the oral route the macrofilaricidal efficacy of 5 was 97-100% at 100-200 mg/kg X 5 days. The treated animals showed gradual disappearance of microfilariae and before autopsy they became amicrofilariaemic. Some of the compounds also showed 100% efficacy against the human hookworms and tapeworm, Ancylostoma ceylanicum in hamsters, and Hymenolepis nana in rats at a single oral dose of 50-250 mg/kg. Compound 5 was also effective against Syphacia obvelata in mice at a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg and was found to be well tolerated by mice up to an oral dose of 2500 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Paranoplocephala maseri n. sp. (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae), a parasite of sagebrush voles Lemmiscus curtatus (Rodentia) in the USA.

Paranoplocephala maseri n. sp. is described from Lemmiscus curtatus (Cope) in the USA. The new species is related to Paranoplocephala omphalodes (Hermann, 1783), P. caucasica (Kirschenblat, 1938), P. kirbyi Voge 1948, P. microti (Hansen, 1947) and P. macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915) sensu Genov et al. (1996). P. maseri n. sp. differs from P. omphalodes in the position of the genital pores, testes and cirrus-sac; from P. caucasica, in which there is an unarmed cirrus, in both the distribution and larger number of testes; from P. kirbyi in the distribution of the testes, the position of the genital pores and egg dimensions; from P. microti in the distribution and smaller number of testes, the smaller egg dimensions and the position of the genital pores; and from P. macrocephala in the position of genital pores and cirrus-sac.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Palaearctic species of the genus Confluaria Ablasov (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae): a redescription and synonymy of C. capillaris (Rudolphi, 1810).

The types of Confluaria capillaris (Rudolphi, 1810) from Podiceps auritus in (?) Germany and the types of C. capillaroides (Fuhrmann, 1906) from Podiceps dominicus in Brazil are redescribed. C. capillaroides is recognised as a junior synonym of C. capillaris (new synonymy). Data on specimens of the same species from P. cristatus and P. grisegena in Bulgaria are also presented. The previous records of the two nominal species are critically analysed in view of the present redescriptions. The host range of C. capillaris includes only grebes of the genus Podiceps, i.e. P. auritus, P. cristatus, P. grisegena, P. dominicus and P. nigricollis; the records in other hosts (Gaviiformes, Charadriiformes and Passeriformes) are considered erroneous or doubtful. The geographical range includes Europe, Central Asia and northern South America.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Palaearctic species of the genus Confluaria Ablasov (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae): redescriptions of C. podicipina (Szymanski, 1905) and C. furcifera (Krabbe, 1869), description of C. pseudofurcifera n. sp., a key and final comments.

Redescriptions are provided of Confluaria podicipina (Szymanski, 1905) (specimens from Podiceps nigricollis and Tachybaptus ruficollis from Bulgaria) and C. furcifera (Krabbe, 1869) (syntypes from P. grisegena from Denmark and specimens from P. grisegena, P. nigricollis and T. ruficollis from Bulgaria). C. pseudofurcifera n. sp. is described from P. cristatus from Switzerland and Bulgaria. The previous records of C. furcifera from P. cristatus in Switzerland (Joyeux & Baer, 1950), Poland (Jarecka, 1958; Korpaczewska, 1960), Czech Republic (Rysavy & Sitko, 1995) and Baltic Coast (Galkin, 1986) are recognised as belonging to C. pseudofurcifera. Confluaria Ablasov in Spasskaya, 1966 is recognised as a valid genus and Dimorphocanthus Maksimova, 1989 is confirmed as its synonym. A key to the Palaearctic species of Confluaria is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Description and morphometric variability of Paranoplocephala serrata n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) in collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx spp., Arvicolinae) from Arctic Siberia and North America.

We describe Paranoplocephala serrata n. sp. (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae) from collared lemmings Dicrostonyx torquatus and D. groenlandicus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) in Arctic Siberia and North America. The new species was recorded from the Yamal Peninsula (type-locality), Yana Delta, Kolyma Delta, Wrangel Island, Alaska and Victoria Island/Kent Peninsula (Northwest Territories). P. serrata n. sp. is characterised by a long, ribbon-like strobila, distinctly serrated segments, a small scolex, unilateral or infrequently alternating genital pores and testes confined to the antiporal part of the segment. It differs from the related species (Andrya bairdi, Parandrya feodorovi and Paranoplocephala manseri) by several morphological features, including the distribution of testes (several testes antiporal to ventral longitudinal osmoregulatory canal), structure of the cirrus-sac and vagina, and large eggs (0.053-0.068 mm in the type-material). The material of P. serrata n. sp. from North America differs from the Siberian material by the shorter cirrus-sac, smaller dimensions of the female reproductive organs, larger seminal receptacle and larger eggs. However, the statistical differences in the dimensions of reproductive organs mainly reflect the larger size of mature segments in Siberian specimens compared with North American specimens. The main diagnostic features, i.e. the size and form of scolex and suckers, number and distribution of testes, position of female glands, vagina/cirrus-sac ratio and morphology of reproductive organs, do not differ markedly between the Palaearctic and Nearctic specimens. According to the structure of the early-stage uterus, A. bairdi Schad, 1954 belongs to the genus Paranoplocephala. Parandrya Gulyaev & Chechulin, 1996 is probably a synonym of Paranoplocephala. A redescription is provided for Paranoplocephala bairdi n. comb.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Morphological and molecular analyses of the genera Peltidocotyle Diesing 1850 and Othinoscolex Woodland 1933, and a morphological study of Woodlandiella Freze, 1965 (Eucestoda, Proteocephalidea), parasites of South American siluriform fishes (Pimelodidae).

Morphological studies of type-species of the genera Peltidocotyle Diesing, 1850 and Othinoscolex Woodland, 1933 showed that these genera are synonyms. We therefore redescribe the type and fresh material of Peltidocotyle rugosa Diesing, 1850 and P. lenha (Woodland, 1933) [= Othinoscolex lenha Woodland, 1933], which appears to constitute two distinct species. They differ in the number and number of layers of testes, the diameter of the metascolex and the field occupied by the vitelline follicles. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial DNA sequences of 16S rDNA, 5.8S-ITS2 and 28S rDNA support these results. P. lenha and Woodlandiella myzofer (Woodland, 1933) are considered conspecific following a thorough morphological examination. With regard to host-parasite relationships, P. lenha has been reported from two host species, which is unusual as South American proteocephalideans generally display an oioxenous type of host-specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Wardium canarisi n. sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) parasite of Arenaria melanocephala (Aves: Charadrii) of Alaska.

The authors describe and illustrate Wardium canarisi n. sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), an intestinal parasite of Arenaria melanocephala (Aves: Charadrii) from Alaska, characterised by a strobila 20-40 mm long, 10 aploparaksoid hooks 19-21 microm long, a short cylindrical cirrus (40 microm) covered with very minute spines (0.2 microm), and a short (8-18 microm) and extremely narrow (1 microm) copulatory vagina. These characters have no equivalent, even approximate, among the 27 species of Wardium parasitic in the Charadrii which are reviewed. The genus Debrosia Spassky, 1987 appears to be justified.

Alaska↗
PubMed2000

[Wardium longosacco (Joyeux & baer, 1939) n. comb. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) parasite of Charadrius marginatus (Aves: Charadrii) of South Africa].

The authors describe and illustrate Wardium longosacco (Joyeux & Baer, 1939) n. comb. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) collected from Charadrius marginatus from South Africa. The species with a strobila 7 cm long is characterised by one crown of ten aploparaksoid hooks 27-30 microm long, a simple genital atrium, a long evaginated cirrus (120 microm) which is glabrous, regularly cylindrical and slender (12-6.5 microm in diameters) and a simple, tubular, membranous vagina. The species Hymenolepis clandestina sensu Deblock (1964) nec (Krabbe, 1869) is a synonym of W. longosacco (Joyeux & Baer, 1939) n. comb.

Animals↗