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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Basophil activation test using flow cytometry in Hymenoptera venom allergy].

The basophil activation test (TAB) clearly shows evidence to Hymenoptera venoms. Comparison of the TAB value with the clinical history allows fixation of a threshold that will anticipate the type of clinical reaction by the TAB value. For the technique of TAB 3 dilutions are used. The basophil activation values produce a threshold for each dilution. For the first dilution the threshold is 50% activation: below this threshold, 70% of patients would have a local or systemic reaction and above this threshold, 70% of patients would have a systemic allergic reaction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of novodrin and obsidan on the secretory activity of tissue basophils of the thyroid and parathyroid glands].

The task was to investigate secretory activity of sets of tissue basophils of the thyroid and parathyroids during administration of isoproterenol (novodrin) and propranolol (obsidan); 32 rats, divided into 2 groups, were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg of isoproterenol (the 1 st group) and 2.5. mg of propranolol (the 2nd group) with their subsequent decapitation with a 12-minute interval for 3 h. Six rats were controls. Increased tissue activity of tissue basophils was noted and interpreted as a result of elevated secretion of calcium regulating hormones developing under the influence of beta-adrenergic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis of membrane expression of the CD63 human basophil activation marker. Applications to allergologic diagnosis].

On the basis of the CD 63 bi-modal expression on the membrane of activated basophils, we set up a flow cytometric method for the analysis of human basophils activation by an anti-IgE and anti-CD 63 double labelling. We demonstrated that the statistical characteristics of the percentages of activation obtained by an anti-IgE stimulation allowed the use of this method for pharmacological studies. The percentages of activation were of the same order of magnitude than those obtained by histamine release. CD 63 expression was also observed for a low affinity allergen such as the sulfonyl-HSA conjugate used for sulfites hypersensibility diagnosis, healthy donors being negative. This method, which can be automatized may represent an interesting candidate in the field of hapten hypersensitivity which lacks of reliable diagnostical methods.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1994

TNF-alpha and IL-6 induce differentiation in the human basophilic leukaemia cell line KU812.

The basophilic leukaemia cell line KU812 can be induced to differentiate into basophil-like cells in vitro when exposed to supernatant from the Mo T-cell line. KU812 cells express affinity receptors for IgE, produce histamine and tryptase and have the capacity for IgE-mediated histamine release. In this study we have examined the cytokines, produced by the Mo cell line, which are responsible for the observed differentiation-inducing effect in the KU812 cell line. It was shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced differentiation in the KU812 cells and that these cytokines were responsible for the differentiation-inducing effect of the Mo supernatant. Other cytokines tested, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were without effect on the KU812 cells. KU812 was also shown to express receptors for both TNF-alpha and IL-6 after 3 days cultivation with conditioned media from the Mo T-cell line. Untreated cells showed no detectable levels of TNF-alpha or IL-6 receptors indicating induction of these receptors during differentiation. Spontaneous differentiation was shown to occur under serum-free conditions which may be the result of endogenous IL-6 production through an autocrine loop. The activity of TNF-alpha and IL-6 could be blocked by specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the respective cytokine.

Basophils↗
PubMed1996

A role for the sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+ ATPase) enzyme in degranulation of rat basophilic leukaemia cells.

BACKGROUND: A circulating inhibitor of the sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+ ATPase) enzyme has been described in allergic subjects. Recent studies have suggested that the Na+,K+ ATPase, enzyme may be involved in the signal transduction pathways of various cell types and that inhibition of its activity can modulate histamine release from basophils and mast cells. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if modulation of Na+,K+ ATPase activity alters degranulation in the 2H3 subline of rat basophilic leukaemia cells (RBL-2H3), a mucosal mast cell model bearing high-affinity Fc receptors for IgE. METHODS: Degranulation was measured by the release of both exogenous serotonin and endogenous histamine. Na+,K+ ATPase activity was assessed by ouabain-sensitive [86rubidium] uptake ([86Rb] uptake) and ex situ enzyme activity. RESULTS: Ouabain-sensitive [86Rb] uptake and degranulation increased in parallel and in a dose-response fashion with increasing Fc receptor cross-linking. Additionally, incubation with ouabain, a known inhibitor of Na+,K+ ATPase activity, decreased both anti-IgE and calcium ionophore-induced degranulation, but increased spontaneous degranulation, each in a dose-response manner. Moreover, the effect of ouabain on degranulation was reversed by rinsing and mimicked by other known inhibitors of Na+,K+ ATPase activity. Finally, in the absence of anti-IgE or calcium ionophore, stimulation of ouabain-sensitive [86Rb] uptake by the sodium (Na+) ionophore monensin was associated with a corresponding dose-response increase in ouabain-sensitive degranulation. These experiments demonstrate that ouabain-sensitive [86Rb] uptake increases following IgE receptor cross-linking in RBL-2H3, and that factors which modulate Na+,K+ ATPase activity in these cells may also regulate degranulation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest an important role for Na+,K+ ATPase activation in the signal transduction pathway of stimulated RBL-2H3.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

RANTES is a pro-inflammatory chemokine and chemoattracts basophil cells to extravascular sites.

RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T expressed and secreted) is another member of the intercrine beta subfamily which acts as a selective chemoattractant for human monocytes and CD4-positive lymphocytes and increases the adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells. In this work, the effect of RANTES was studied on rat skin injection sites. Rats were intradermally injected with 50 microliters of RANTES, at different concentrations, fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP), or LPS (positive controls) or PBS vehicle (negative control). The animals were then injected with 0.6 ml of Evans' blue in the tail vein in order to obtain a blue colour in the areas where the compounds were injected. After 4 h the rats were killed and the maximum diameter of the blue extravasation area was measured. The coloured areas were then excised and optical and electron microscopic studies were performed. In addition, in some of the excised tissue, a Northern blot analysis for histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA was performed along with an estimation of the amount of histamine generated in the tissue injection sites. In these studies it was found that intradermal injections of 5, 2.5, and 1.25 x 10(-5) M RANTES produced a strong inflammatory response with the accumulation of a great number of basophil cells compared with the PBS (50 microliters) negative control, or FMLP (10(-6) M/50 microliters) or LPS (10 ng/50 microliters) positive control, after 4 h. Moreover, 5, 2.5, 1.25 x 10(-5) M RANTES produced a dose-response stimulation of HDC mRNA in the tissues of skin injection sites. The increasing number of basophils in the RANTES inflamed tissues led to augmentation of histamine content, compared with the PBS control. In conclusion, the pro-inflammatory chemokine RANTES stimulates the generation of HDC mRNA in skin injection sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with basophilic differentiation and t(9,11)(p22,q23) in a child.

A 20-month-old child was treated for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with basophilic differentiation. His leukemic cells also had the cytogenetic abnormality of t(9,11)(p22,q23). Although immature blasts responded well to induction therapy with etoposide, the leukemic cells that were more differentiated toward basophils were quite refractory to the drug. However, complete remission was finally achieved with a conventional multidrug regimen.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

Flow cytometric evaluation of human basophils.

The expression of CD45 and IgE cell surface antigens on human leucocytes was studied by flow cytometry. More than 80% of sorted cells that expressed low CD45 (CD45dim) and high IgE (IgEbright) antigen site density were identified as basophils. Immunomagnetic depletion of the CD45dim-IgEbright cell subset by a biotin-coupled anti-IgE antibody and streptavidin-coated magnetic beads was greater than 90%, and more than 80% of cells binding significant numbers of beads exhibited the morphological characteristics of basophils. Interestingly, when the cell staining was performed in the presence of calcium and magnesium, we observed a significant increase of CD45 and an equivalent decrease of IgE cell surface expression, as well as an IgE concentration dependent diminution of the number of CD45dim-IgEbright cells.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1993

Chronic myelogenous leukemia-derived basophilic granulocytes express a functional active receptor for the anaphylatoxin C3a.

The receptor for the inflammatory peptide C3a has scarcely been examined on human cells. This work demonstrates that human tumor-derived basophilic granulocytes express C3a receptors, and presents parts of the hitherto unknown C3a-signal transduction. When incubated with IL-3, these cells specifically liberated histamine on C3a stimulation. Independent from IL-3, 240,000 +/- 100,000 receptors per cell with a Kd of 5.6 +/- 0.9 nM were determined. [Ca2+]i increased from 120 +/- 35 nM to 300 +/- 80 nM after a C3a challenge, as measured by digital imaging fluorescence microscopy, and rested at its basal level in the presence of C3a-desArg, the immediate catabolic product of C3a in vivo. This [Ca2+]i increase could be completely desensitized homologously by C3a as well as inhibited by up to 75% by pertussis toxin. Thus, tumor-derived basophils are suitable for cloning of the human C3a receptor.

Anaphylatoxins↗
PubMed1987

Effect of the mi allele on mast cells, basophils, natural killer cells, and osteoclasts in C57Bl/6J mice.

The osteopetrotic, microphthalmic (mi/mi) mouse lacks functional osteoclasts and has also been reported to be deficient in mast cells and natural-killer (NK) cells. The later deficiencies could be secondary to the osteopetrotic marrow, or a direct result of the mi allele. Therefore, heterozygotes were examined for these cell types, since these mice do not exhibit osteopetrosis. Adult +/mi animals have approximately 50%, and mi/mi animals examined by histologic techniques or tissue histamine levels have 0-10%, of the peritoneal, dermal, and intestinal mast cells compared with that of +/+ animals. Leukocyte histamine, indicative of the number of basophils, demonstrates the same pattern. Histamine content per mast cell in +/+ and +/mi animals is identical. The number of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) in splenic leukocyte preparations from +/mi animals is 50% that of +/+ animals, and these cells are undetectable in preparations from mi/mi mice. NK activity against YAC-1 cells paralleled the number of LGL present. The resorptive response of neonatal calvaria to parathyroid hormone was delayed in the case of cultured +/mi bone compared with that of +/+ bone, but the final rate of calcium release was identical. These data indicate that 1) the presence of one mi allele can affect the development of four distinct cell types, and 2) osteopetrosis alone does not account for the lack of mast cells, basophils, and NK cells in mi/mi mice.

Alleles↗
PubMed1998

Desensitization of IgE-mediated IL-4 release from human basophils.

Previous studies demonstrated marked differences in the time course of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and histamine release, implying different mechanisms of desensitization. To explore this possibility basophils were desensitized with anti-IgE antibody by treating the cells for various periods of time in the absence of extracellular calcium (Ca[e]). The basophil response following addition of Ca(e) was assessed by measuring IL-4 or histamine release by measuring the cytosolic calcium response ([Ca2+]i). The kinetics of desensitization for IL-4 and histamine release did not differ; 50% desensitization occurred at 37+/-8 and 29+/-16 min for IL-4 and histamine release, respectively. The kinetics of desensitization as assessed by the [Ca2+]i response was found to be biphasic; an initial enhancement of the [Ca2+]i response after 5-15 min of desensitization was followed by a rapid decrease so that by 30 min the amount of desensitization was equivalent to that observed for histamine release. Other than this initial period of enhanced calcium response, desensitization kinetics were unexpectedly similar for all measured endpoints. These results suggest that, during stimulation in the absence of Ca(e), there is a down-regulation process that influences all events on a similar time scale. Because the time scales for secretion of histamine, LTC4 or IL-4 or the [Ca2+]i response markedly differ (i.e., stimulation in the presence of Ca(e), these results also indicate that down-regulatory processes differ depending on the presence or absence of Ca(e).

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Requirements for effective IgE cross-linking on mast cells and basophils.

This article reviews the characteristics of high affinity IgE receptors (FcepsilonRI) and their role in the response to allergenic proteins. The requirements for successful cross-linking of FcepsilonRI on basophils and mast cells and subsequent degranulation by allergenic proteins will be explained in detail. Methods for in vitro analysis of allergen-induced mast cell and basophil degranulation will be described and issues/problems in applying these methods will be discussed. Finally, implications for manipulation of protein allergens will be discussed.

Allergens↗
PubMed1975

Studies of the responses of basophil and eosinophil leucocytes and mast cells to the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. I. Observations during the expulsion of first and second infections by guinea-pigs.

During expulsion by guniea-pigs of both first and second infections with the intestinal nematode parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis, increased numbers of basophils and eosinophils were present in the bone marrow and blood. In addition, increased numbers of basophils, mast cells and eosinophils, many possessing reduced numbers of cytoplasmic granules, accumulated at the sites of infection. Blood eosinophil counts, however, did not show significant changes during the early part of a first infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Studies of the responses of basophil and eosinophil leucocytes and mast cells to the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. II. Changes in cell numbers following infection of thymectomised and adoptively or passively immunised guinea-pigs.

The role of the immune response in the generation of the basophilia and eosinophilia found during expulsion of the intestinal nematode parasite, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, by guinea-pigs was investigated by studying cell numbers in animals whose immune responsiveness had been modified by thymectomy and adoptive or passive immunisation. Basophilia, but not eosinophilia, was depressed in thymectomised guinea-pigs. Bone marrow basophil numbers were significantly increased in T. colubriformis-infected guinea-pigs following the infection of mesenteric lymph-node cells from both normal and T. colubriformis-immune syngeneic donors. Bone marrow basophil counts were also increased following the injection of immune lymph-node cells into uninfected recipients. Small intestine eosinophil numbers in adoptively immunised guinea-pigs showed a pronounced increase following infection with T. colubriformis. A smaller increase followed infection of passively immunised guinea-pigs. These results, and other work with this system, suggest that basophilia and eosinophilia during T. colubriformis infection, although associated with the immune response, might not be fully explained as direct consequences of the interaction of parasitic antigens and sensitised lymphocytes or antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Studies of cell adhesion and flow cytometric analyses of degranulation, surface phenotype, and viability using human eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells.

Products derived from eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells are considered critical to the development of allergic diseases. Studies of the selective recruitment, accumulation, and/or activation of these cells during human allergic inflammatory reactions in vitro and in vivo have been facilitated by a wide variety of methods. Some have been developed to identify and isolate these cells from a variety of sites, including blood, airway secretions, and surgical or autopsy tissues. Once enriched in purity, assays of cell adhesion to endothelium, epithelium, matrix proteins, and purified, immobilized counterligands for integrins, selectins, or immunoglobulin gene superfamily structures can be performed in vitro under both static and flow conditions. Techniques involving flow cytometry, utilizing characteristics of cellular light scatter and immunofluorescence, have permitted the elucidation of cell surface phenotype and have aided in quantification of cellular degranulation and viability. These approaches have yielded new information on the function of human eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells and have suggested unique cell-specific pathways of cell recruitment, activation, and survival that may contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1998

Mast cells and basophils in innate immunity.

Mast cells and basophils are primarily associated with the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. Considering that these cells have been preserved through evolution they must serve a valuable function. Intrinsically, mast cells are ideally placed and well endowed with inflammatory mediators to play a critical role in immune surveillance. Recent studies have shown that mast cells and basophils can bind various bacteria even in the absence of opsonizing antibodies. The resulting interaction caused release of a variety of inflammatory mediators and, in the case of mast cells, also uptake of bacteria. Among the mediators released by these inflammatory cells, TNF-alpha appears critical as it potentiates the early neutrophil responses to bacteria. Observations in mutant mice that are deficient in mast cells has provided further evidence for the specific role of mast cells in host defense against bacteria. We believe that there is now sufficient evidence (at least for mast cells) to propose a multi-faceted and significant role for these cells in the host's innate immune response to infectious agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Basophilic inclusions in sporadic juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study.

This report concerns immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies on the basophilic inclusions in two cases of sporadic juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The inclusion had a globular, irregular-shaped, or sometimes fragmented appearance. Ultra-structurally, the inclusions consisted mainly of thick filamentous structures associated with granules. Focal neurofilamentous accumulations were occasionally observed among the granulofilamentous structures. The basophilic inclusions occasionally showed granular reaction product deposits with an antibody to ubiquitin. The inclusions did not react with antibodies to phosphorylated neurofilament and to tau protein.

Adult↗