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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Automated recognition and identification of soft tissue landmarks in cephalematric analysis]

OBJECTIVE: To establish the automatic x-ray cephalometric analysis system to provide the convenient and reliable method for clinical cephalometric analysis. METHODS The graphics, image processing techniques and artificial intelligence was usedand the computer digital image processing and pattern recognition such as median filtering, histogram equalization, Laplacian and Canny edge detection were introduced. To provide the templates of the variable anatomical structures, which could automatically outline the contour lines of the hard and soft tissues. Thirty five cases were measured and analysied with the system. RESULTS: The computer measurements had the same consistency with hand measurements. The system could calculate more precisely and save more time and energy than other systems. CONCLUSION: The system can supply a more convenient and precise measurement for cephalometry.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2025

Multi-Omics and Integrative Analytics in Natural Products Discovery.

Natural products (NPs) have long been an essential source of new bioactive compounds for drug discovery; however, traditional methods for screening and isolating these compounds can be slow and often yield diminishing returns. Fortunately, advanced multi-omics and computational approaches present powerful solutions to these challenges. This review highlights innovative methodologies that integrate metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics with bioinformatics and analytical chemistry to accelerate NP discovery. For instance, untargeted metabolomics platforms like high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking allow for comprehensive profiling of new compounds, while targeted isotope-labeling strategies enhance this process. Additionally, genome and metagenome mining tools such as antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell (antiSMASH), Deep Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (DeepBGC), and Pipeline for Reconstructing Integrated Syntheses of Metabolites (PRISM) quickly identify biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in both cultured and uncultured organisms, often using heterologous expression to validate products. Transcriptomic analyses, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), co-expression networks, and fluxomics, help clarify how pathways are regulated, while quantitative proteomics techniques like tandem mass tags/isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (TMT/iTRAQ) and label-free methods, along with chemoproteomics approaches such as cellular thermal shift assay and thermal proteome profiling (TPP), uncover molecular targets and their mechanisms of action. This review also places significant emphasis on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in integrating multi-omics data, spanning activities from constructing gene-metabolite correlation networks to leveraging knowledge graphs and graph neural networks for data fusion and functional prediction. Finally, this review concludes by discussing the synergistic benefits of multi-omics for natural-product discovery, addressing current technical challenges, and exploring future directions toward high-throughput, intelligent data integration for next-generation NP research.

Biological Products↗
PubMed2006

Computational vision systems for the detection of malignant melanoma.

In recent years, computational vision-based diagnostic systems for dermatology have demonstrated significant progress. We review these systems by first presenting the installation, visual features utilized for skin lesion classification and the methods for defining them. We also describe how to extract these features through digital image processing methods, i.e. segmentation, registration, border detection, color and texture processing, and present how to use the extracted features for skin lesion classification by employing artificial intelligence methods, i.e. discriminant analysis, neural networks, and support vector machines. Finally, we compare these techniques in discriminating malignant melanoma tumors versus dysplastic naevi lesions.

Automation↗
PubMed2000

5-fluorouracil alone versus 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma: meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Innovative techniques in the field of artificial intelligence could help to resolve several methodological problems. A model taking into account all the parameters involved in a therapy can foresee the results of each type of treatment or therapeutic protocol on patients at different stages of a disease. We used a Computer Decision Support System in order to verify the reliability and efficacy of this method on chemotherapy of colorectal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 8 randomized clinical trials employing 5-fluorouracil alone (5-FU) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (FA) in the management of advanced colorectal carcinoma. Computer Decision Support System (CDSS) was used to perform four basic tasks: data acquisition and organization; data recruitment; combination of the various principles and specific data; user-friendly display of the analysis results and responses to treatment. RESULTS: In the majority of the studies examined, the death rates were lower in patients treated with 5-FU + FA than in those on 5-FU alone, even though the difference was not statistically significant. However, there were wide fluctuations in the efficacy/tolerability ratio between the two protocols investigated, depending on the patients' clinical status. Our data showed that a strong attack using 5-FU + FA is feasible whenever the patients' clinical conditions are not particularly severe, whereas a moderate attack using 5-FU alone is recommended as the patients' clinical condition worsens. CONCLUSION: The use of CDSS in the management of colorectal carcinoma indicates which therapy is the best in terms of efficacy, overall survival and incidence of side effects.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1989

Diagnostic reasoning.

Research in cognitive science, decision sciences, and artificial intelligence has yielded substantial insights into the nature of diagnostic reasoning. Many elements of the diagnostic process have been identified, and many principles of effective clinical reasoning have been formulated. Three reasoning strategies are considered here: probabilistic, causal, and deterministic. Probabilistic reasoning relies on the statistical relations between clinical variables and is frequently used in formal calculations of disease likelihoods. Probabilistic reasoning is especially useful in evoking diagnostic hypotheses and in assessing the significance of clinical findings and test results. Causal reasoning builds a physiologic model and assesses a patient's findings for coherency and completeness against the model; it functions especially effectively in verification of diagnostic hypotheses. Deterministic reasoning consists of sets of compiled rules generated from routine, well-defined practices. Much human problem solving may derive from activation and implementation of such rules. A deeper understanding of clinical cognition should enhance clinical teaching and patient care.

Cognition↗
PubMed1990

Impact of technology in health care and health administration: hospitals and alternative care delivery systems.

Applications as outlined above and many more that have not yet even been identified--but that will be invented and developed--will have an enormous impact on the health care industry. Clearly, capital requirements to purchase this technology will go up and thus exert further pressure for the reduction of personnel. Computers and robots will replace a significant percentage of health care personnel; overall health care costs as a percent of gross national product will nevertheless probably continue to rise in spite of improvements in productivity. Added costs will be offset in part by the use of technology in areas that will impact efficiency. Because of these accelerating uses of sophisticated technology, future administrators will have a greater appreciation for what technology can offer. Practical uses of robotics, expert systems, and artificial intelligence will require administrators to be technologically proficient.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Robotics: a way to link the "islands of automation".

This article looks at what the natural evolution of robots can do for the clinical testing industry, from performing simple functions to becoming the prime labor force of the clinical laboratory. Until now, robots have been applied to instrument processes as somewhat of an upgrade to accomplish a variety of laboratory tasks. Over the next 10 years, however, robotics development will respond to the internal and external influences expected to challenge the industry. A limited supply of human workers and the increased demands of testing volumes and cost-effectiveness will herald a new phase of robotics to link, as well as develop, technological capabilities. Since science fiction was invented, robots have teased the imagination-alternately as mindless automatons or as clones of their inventors endowed with minds of their own. The appeal in the first case was the seemingly infinite capacity for performing menial tasks too boring, complex, or dangerous for mankind. The appeal in the second was the fantasy of artificial intelligence. In both cases, the fictional concept has become reality--and, by the 21st century, should even be commonplace. Financial encouragement of robotics development might even be a mission for laboratories themselves, as they prepare for potential competition from even more complex technology.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1997

ARMEDA: accessing remote medical databases over the World Wide Web.

We have created a computer system to access medical information located at remote databases over the World Wide Web, for epidemiological ad health services research. We made a preliminary prototype where a specific database model could be searched and information be retrieved. We are currently working on a new component-based architecture, where different databases scheme from various sites can be used to create a unified model, giving users a "virtual" vision of a single, local database. Different software engineering and artificial intelligence methods are used to access, integrate, filter and deliver information to users.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1985

Office management: increasing productivity in the workplace.

Healthcare managers are seeking new ways to increase productivity in the workplace. New technologies, such as word processing, electronic mail, electronic conferencing, calendar management, data base management systems, artificial intelligence, decision support systems, and local area networks, are being developed to help the healthcare manager make the workplace more productive. The challenge therefore is to implement these systems smoothly and address the organizational issues associated with implementation.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1988

A clinical tool for nursing.

The background of this software tool stretches back nearly 20 years to original systems techniques developed within an area of computer science called artificial intelligence. Research reflects efforts to capture the reasoning processes of healthcare experts.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1999

Continuing medical education and the anesthesiologist.

There are a large variety of scheduled activities and courses available to meet the continuing medical education (CME) needs of anesthesiologists. The presentation of CME material varies in format and delivery style. The reasons for attending CME activities include licensure requirements, participation in state and national societies, keeping current with technology, review of old subject material, participation as a lecturer, and other personal reasons. Funding occurs via personal funds, employer support, commercial support, or by research grants. External bodies, such as the American Council of Continuing Medical Education and the American Medical Association, have imposed guidelines in these areas. Methods to evaluate CME activities include retrospective needs analysis based on exit interviews, prospective needs assessment, focus groups, and complex systems such as the CRISIS criteria. Self-directed CME can be evaluated by data collection that identifies how quickly information is received and by the effect of this data on measurable outcome. In the future, CME will increasingly utilize simulators and multimedia computers. Multimedia can bring CME to the physician as opposed to the physician traveling to a CME site. Virtual reality and artificial intelligence are on the horizon and may interface well with the field of anesthesiology due to the technical nature of the discipline and the increasing use of computers and electronic data collection already occurring in clinical practice.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1999

Medical narratives and patient analogs: the ethical implications of electronic patient records.

An electronic patient record consists of electronically stored data about a specific patient. It therefore constitutes a data-space. The data may be combined into a patient profile which is relative to a particular specialty as well as phenomenologically unique to the specific professional who constructs the profile. Further, a diagnosis may be interpreted as a path taken by a health care professional with a certain specialty through the data-space relative to the patient profile constructed by that professional. This way of looking at electronic patient records entails certain ethical implications about privacy and accessibility. However, it also permits the construction of artificial intelligence and competence algorithms for health care professionals relative to their specialties.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1999

[Expert systems in medicine].

Expert systems are software systems developed using different techniques of artificial intelligence that can act parallel to the "human" experts. The main role is consultative These are intelligent information systems that use more then 2000 different rules and that are capable to explain their decisions. Databases of such systems can contain huge number of data about different diseases and therapy modalities. In development of Medical Expert systems the rule of human experts is crucial. The teams of such experts are developing expert system considering the changes in medicine. Several modes of work are available. Consultation mode is used in cases when the diagnosis and treatment is uncertain. The human enter data about symptoms and signs of some medical disorder and computer creates a list of possible diagnosis and additional diagnostic test. Therapy for condition is also suggested. Simulation mode can simulate virtual patient and allows students and doctors to learn mode about some medical conditions. Some expert system as HEPAT can make "Decision Tree" for new-born jaundice. Similar expert system will be available in future for other fields in medicine. Some of expert systems are described in article.

Expert Systems↗
PubMed2000

[Computer-assisted cardiotocogram analysis--from descriptive to perinatal expert system].

The interpretation of cardiotocograms is essentially for perinatal management, it remains labour intensive and depends on training and experience. With the development of modern analysing systems with conventional classification techniques, it seems possible to introduce expert systems and neuronal networks for a better interpretation and classification of cardiotocograms. Techniques of artificial intelligence are powerful tools and should be integrated in future systems. Because CTG-analysis--as a single procedure--is only of limited value for sufficient fetal prognosis, we conclude that computer aided CTG-analysis in combination with additional fetal parameters, for example partial oxygen pressure, will allow the development of future sufficient perinatal expert systems. Nothing should hinder future integration of computerized cardiotocogram analysing systems into everyday clinical routine and to connect it to obstetrical databases.

Cardiotocography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

PAPNET-assisted primary screening of conventional cervical smears.

The PAPNET System is the only device with a neural-network-based-artificial intelligence to detect and show the images of abnormal cells on the monitor to be evaluated in an interactive way. We effectively used the PAPNET in rescreening of conventional cervical smears and we detected its advantages and its disadvantages. In this paper, we report our results from PAPNET-assisted primary screening performed on 20,154 conventional smears. The smears were classified as Negative or as Review. The Negative cases were rapidly rescreened mainly near the coverslip edges, which are the slide areas not analyzed by automated devices because of focusing problems. The Review cases were fully reanalyzed by the optic microscope. In summary, 140 positive smears were detected: 57 cases showed changes due to HPV, 63 LSIL, 15 HSIL, and 5 carcinomas. Therefore, the PAPNET System was confirmed as useful in primary screening of conventional cervical samples as well as rescreening.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Utterance-based proposed spot diagnostic system of vocal tract malfunction.

It is not surprising that speech recognition by machine, has received a great deal of attention through the techniques of artificial intelligence (AI), like expert systems to support decisions in various intended fields. One proposal that is based on the expert system paradigm is to diagnose a malfunction of the vocal tract during uttering recommended utterances for this purpose. The choice of these utterances is achieved according to the position and the manner of articulation. Four important features of acoustic analysis of speech are, fundamental frequency, F0, Formants, (F1-F5), amplitude, and the harmonic structure (tone vs. noise). The most Candidate features in the proposed diagnostic system are both fundamental frequency and/or the formants. These are considered to be the Core of the intended work. The throat, mouth and nose as the resonating champers will support this attitude and will affect, negatively, the range of the mentioned frequencies when they are out of the anatomical and/or physical functions. The discrete speech (isolated words) as the most recognizable utterances. Will be considered to put aside the difficulties of both connected and continuous word-based recognition. In a diagnostic systems, the generality is an essential issue, that is to consider "Speaker independent" recognizer which needs more efforts during the system training phase. The paper presents a rough (initial) spotting diagnostic system to be the base for a future detailed system for specific defects of precised organs belonging to the vocal tract. Arabic Vowels as well as some Consonants would be the target, taking into account the age range, that is (20-25) years-aged matures. Different recommended utterances, Arabic segmented alphabetic, focused on various points through the vocal apparatus. Speech related waveforms, as well as the associated fundamental frequencies and formants have been considered in the normal and the Corresponding abnormal Cases. The deviations that appeared in the frequency pattern have indicated the defected articulator that is dominant in the intended utterance production. The results illustrated, would be the base for designing a dedicated hardware unit, which may be reliable for the physicians interesting in this field. Human beings communicate with one another primarily by speech, and speech brings human beings closer together speech sounds travel through the air at the rate of about 330 meter per second, whereas impulses travel a long nerve pathways in the body at a rate of about 60 meter per second. The time it takes for a spoken word to be heard and understood by a listener may be shorter than the time it takes as a neural message to travel to the brain, [1]. Speech not only for human Communication, but it also has many applications in different fields. Some of these applications are machine control commands base systems, speech-to-text, and Text-to-speech systems, natural language-based systems, and medical diagnosis systems for vocal tract malfunction, the issue of this paper. One difficulty of speech based-systems is the fact that not everyone speaks the same way, even those who supposedly speak the same language at the same way. The term dialect is used to refer to this variability and is emphasized in case of uttering with different languages. The above discussion is concerning with the social and emotional variability which can be modified with reasonable efforts. The great variabilities, which are difficulty to be manipulated, are belonging to the inheritance and anatomical aspects. So it is worthy and to propose a methodology that can be used globally inspite of different social communities.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Emerging concepts of self-organization and the living state. Special issue.

This special issue present papers that examine the concept of self-organization in the origin of life. Concepts explored include chaos and order in open systems, the origin of biochemical organization, non-cellular phases of life on clay, biodynamics necessary for the emergence of energy consumers, molecular evolution, order in self-oscillators, self-organization of semi-conductor physics, self-organizing behavior of microtubules in the cytoskeleton, biogenesis and physics, perceptive funcion, and an overview of the experimental realization of artificial intelligence.

Biophysics↗