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Results for “Tuberculosis, Lymph Node”

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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Induction of direct antimicrobial activity through mammalian toll-like receptors].

Drosophila, the toll gene controls a powerful innate defense system against bacteria and fungi. Conserved through evolution, the mammalian innate immune system retains a family of homologous Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are activated by microbial ligands to release cytokines that instruct the adaptive immune responses. Here we show that TLR2 activation leads to killing of intracellular Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis in both mouse and human macrophages. In mouse macrophages, bacterial lipoprotein activation of TLR2 leads to a nitric oxide-dependent killing of intracellular tubercle bacilli. In human monocytes and alveolar macrophages, bacterial lipoproteins similarly activated TLR2 to kill intracellular M. tuberculosis, however by an antimicrobial pathway that is nitric oxide independent. TLR2+CD14+CD68+ macrophages were detected in human lesions of tuberculous lymphadenitis within granulomas and surrounding foci of necrosis. These data provide evidence that mammalian TLRs have retained not only the structural features of Drosophila Toll that allow them to respond to microbial ligands, but also the ability directly to activate antimicrobial effector pathways at the site of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Role of computed chest tomography (CT scan) in tuberculous retinal vasculitis.

AIM: To compare computed chest tomography (chest CT) and routine chest X-rays for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with presumed tuberculous retinal vasculitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case reports. RESULTS: Three patients underwent a detailed workup for uveitis. Routine chest X-rays showed normal lung fields in all cases with abnormal hilar shadows in one case. Chest CT revealed the presence of active tuberculous mediastinitis in all three patients. CONCLUSIONS: Chest CT revealed the presence, dimensions, and activity of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy which routine chest X-rays were unable to detect. Thus, chest CT may be the preferred modality for pulmonary evaluation in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Tuberculosis presenting as epitrochlear lymphadenitis.

Epitrochlear lymphadenitis is an uncommon presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in an immunocompetent host. This case report describes the third case in the literature and provides a review of the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Chest radiography in ambulatory children with acute lower respiratory infections: effective tuberculosis case-finding?

A study was performed to determine the proportion of ambulatory children with acute lower respiratory infections in whom clinical management was changed by findings on routine chest radiography that suggested tuberculosis. The children studied were aged between 2 and 59 months and met the World Health Organization's case definition for pneumonia. They lived in an area with a very high prevalence of tuberculosis. Exclusion criteria included a cough of more than 14 days' duration and a history of a current household contact with active tuberculosis. Twelve (4.4%) of 273 children had radiological findings suggesting tuberculosis, nine of which were suspected mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Eight children were further investigated for tuberculosis: seven of them did not require treatment for tuberculosis and one was lost to follow-up. It is concluded that chest radiography in ambulatory children with acute lower respiratory infections of less than 14 days' duration and not in contact with active tuberculosis does not result in a meaningful increase in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Miliary hepatic tuberculosis not associated with splenic or lung involvement. A case report.

Miliary hepatic involvement is a frequent finding on autopsy in patients with disseminated tuberculosis. Imaging studies may reveal hepatosplenomegaly and/or parenchymal inhomogeneity and, in a minority of cases, focal lesions, invariably associated with miliary lung disease. An unusual case of disseminated tuberculosis with manifestations of miliary hepatic involvement, abdominal and neck lymphadenopathy on US and CT without any evidence of active disease in the lungs, spleen or other organ, is described.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2002

Conventional and diffusion-weighted MR imaging of intracranial tuberculomas. A case report.

Intracranial tuberculoma is a rare form of central nervous system tuberculosis. We here report on conventional and diffusion-weighted cranial MR images of a non-immunocompromised patient with multiple intracranial tuberculomas, tuberculous lymphadenitis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Conventional MR imaging revealed multiple ring-enhancing mass lesions. At follow-up MR, appearances of both edema and number and size of nodules were decreased. Diffusion-weighted MR was normal and normal ADC values were found in this case of tuberculomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for tuberculosis: a critical reappraisal of the literature.

An extensive, although largely forgotten, literature addresses the utility of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in the management of tuberculosis. Corticosteroid therapy probably improves neurological outcomes of, and decreases mortality due to, tuberculous meningitis of moderate severity. Although therapy for tuberculous pericarditis is simplified (with less need for operative intervention) by adjunctive corticosteroid administration and there are fewer deaths, the incidence of subsequent constriction is not changed. The signs and symptoms of typical reactivation tuberculous pneumonia, tuberculous pleurisy, and probably primary tuberculous disease (with lymphadenopathy) seem to decrease rapidly with corticosteroid therapy, although no differences in final outcomes have been observed. Corticosteroid regimens used in most studies varied greatly in duration and dosage and generally caused significant side effects. Corticosteroids do not appear to diminish the efficacy of adequate antimycobacterial therapy. Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy appears to offer significant short-term but (other than for tuberculous meningitis and effusive pericarditis) minimal long-term benefit for patients with tuberculosis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in an immigrant society: clinical and demographic aspects of 92 cases.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 33% of all new cases of tuberculosis identified at the Soroka Medical Center in Beer Sheva, Israel, during a 10-year period. The most common types of extrapulmonary infection diagnosed were genitourinary tuberculosis (54% of patients), lymphadenitis (13%), pleural tuberculosis (9%), and tuberculosis of bones and joints (8%). Of 92 patients, 51% were Jews of Ethiopian origin, 29% were Jews of non-Ethiopian origin, and 20% were Bedouins. Thus, extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains a significant problem for Israel's heterogeneous population.

Ethiopia↗
PubMed1994

Transient exacerbation of tuberculous lymphadenitis during chemotherapy in patients with AIDS.

We describe three men with disseminated, drug-sensitive tuberculosis and advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease (CD4+ lymphocyte count, < 50/mm3) who had flares of tuberculous lymphadenitis with suppuration during the initial weeks of successful chemotherapy. Bactericidal drugs may kindle these transient exacerbations, which involve neutrophils but apparently do not require normal helper T cell function. In patients with AIDS, as in immunocompetent individuals, treatment-related flares of lymphadenitis are usually not an adverse sign, provided that drug resistance and nonadherence have been excluded.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium africanum associated with involvement of the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin, and mucosa.

Cutaneous tuberculosis is rarely seen in industrialized countries and is usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We report a case of cutaneous tuberculosis with bilateral nodular scleritis, nasal sinus invasion, and nasal septum perforation (confirmed by computed tomography scans of the sinuses), associated with pulmonary infiltrates and mediastinal adenopathy, in an African woman. Mycobacterium africanum was recovered from the sputum after 8 weeks of culture in Löwenstein-Jensen medium. To our knowledge, this is the first description of M. africanum associated with cutaneous tuberculosis and nasal sinus invasion.

Adult↗