SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Chronic alcoholic intoxication was found to result in changes in trace elemental structure of human hair and mongrel white rat hair. Reliable increase of iron, zinc, copper and manganese in hair of alcoholic patients and tendency to increase iron content in rat hair were detected.
The authors recently compiled and reviewed the literature for minor and trace elements in human bones and teeth as a part of an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) study. Various aspects of elemental composition, analytical methodologies, quality assurance and quality control methods for hard tissue analysis were evaluated. Important data on selected radiologically important elements (Cs, Pu, Ra, Sr, Th, and U) in calcified tissue from various countries are discussed. The results of this compilation study suggest a need for new reference materials with matrix properties similar to bones including one with separated cortical and trabecular segments.
The associations between toenail levels of five trace elements and breast cancer risk were studied among a cohort of 62,641 US women who provided toenail clippings and were free from diagnosed breast cancer in 1982. Among 433 cases of breast cancer identified during 4 years of follow-up and their matched controls, the odds ratios comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles and adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors were as follows: for arsenic, 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-1.91); for copper, 0.91 (95% CI 0.59-1.42); for chromium, 0.96 (95% CI 0.61-1.52); for iron, 0.89 (95% CI 0.56-1.40); and for zinc, 1.09 (95% CI 0.70-1.70). Among postmenopausal women, a marginally significant positive association was observed between toenail chromium levels and breast cancer risk (odds ratio = 1.71, 95% CI 0.87-3.35) (p for trend = 0.07). However, the association between chromium and breast cancer risk was inverse among premenopausal women. Although data on the validity of toenail levels of certain of these elements are limited, these results do not provide evidence for an important effect of arsenic, copper, chromium, iron, or zinc on breast cancer risk.
The concentration and distribution of some trace elements were determined in stomach contents, excreta and feathers of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding at Edmonson Point (Terra Nova Bay-Antarctica). In these materials obtained by non-destructive methods, concentrations of mercury, cadmium and lead measured were used to establish natural levels of these metals in the penguins' diet. An intake-excretion hypothesis was formulated.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The effect of a widely used trace element preparation (Béres-Drop Plus, BDP) on the liver metastasis forming potential of 3LL-HH tumor was studied. The daily, oral administration of BDP caused a decrease in the number of liver metastases, irrespective of the presence or absence of the primary spleen tumor. It is suggested, that the zinc component of BDP is responsible, at least partly--for the inhibitory action.
By definition, every essential trace element must have a range of intakes safe from toxicity but adequate enough to meet nutrition requirements. That range is part of the total dose-response curve and its lower and upper limits are delineated on the basis of nutrition and toxicology data, respectively. Close coordination of activities to set these limits is necessary to avoid recommendations that are either impractical (narrow zones of safe and adequate intakes) or contradictory (overlapping limits, i.e., no zones of safe and adequate intakes).
In order to obtain objective information from estimations of trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Li, Mn, Hg, Ni, Se, Zn) on deficiency or intake beyond the toxic limit it is necessary to pay attention among others also to preanalytical safeguarding, i.e. obtain all relevant information on the patient, ensure proper selection of material and sampling time, proper sampling and safeguarding the sample before the estimation proper. If the above rules and principles are respected, possible significant distortion on the results, which can be caused e.g. by contamination of the sample, can be prevented.
The concentration of 10 trace elements in samples of normal and diabetic whole blood were investigated by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Instrumental NAA (INAA) was used for determination of Co, Cr, Hg, Rb, Se, and Zn, whereas NAA with radiochemical separation (RNAA) was employed for determination of Al, Cu, Mg, and Mn. The results for normal blood compare well with literature values. Co, Cr, Se, and Zn show lower values in diabetes than in the normal blood samples.
The relationship of trace elements to arteriosclerotic heart disease (AHD) was assessed. Samples of water supplies in the Houston area were analyzed periodically for cadmium, lithium, iron and zinc. Mortality data for each of the sampling areas, delineated according to boundary of water service, were used to compute average annual age-adjusted death rates for white males aged 35 to 64 during the years 1969 to 1971. Linear regression analyses were performed on the chemical constituents for the age-adjusted death rates due to AHD. Positive correlation coefficients for lithium and zinc were found to be statistically significant at the 0.05 probability level.
The effect of trace element combination, Béres Drop Plus (BDP) on the immune response of rats following single treatment with cytostatic drug (5-fluorouracil, 5-FU) was tested. Animals were treated with 5-FU and SRBC simultaneously, but separately. Rats were pretreated with BDP for 21 days. The body and spleen weight, furthermore the number of spleen cells and antibody producing cells were determined. The antibody titres in blood serum were also measured. The immune system of rats, 5 days following the 5-FU treatment, showed considerable regeneration. Pretreatment of rats with BDP had a beneficial effect on all parameters investigated.
The present paper reports the determination of twelve trace elements in Wuling San and its extracts in simulated gastric fluid by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The experimental result shows that among these elements the extraction rate of K, Na and Mn is higher in extracts of Wuling San, and that of the other nine elements differs greatly from each other between 4-89%.
Plasma concentrations of 6 essential trace elements were measured in undialyzed and hemodialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in healthy volunteers by tube-excited X-ray fluorescence analysis and atomic absorption analysis. The influences of hemodialysis on plasma concentrations of Al, Zn, Cu and Br were also studied. High plasma concentrations of Al and Cu and low concentrations of plasma Zn were found in nondialyzed patients with CRF. Plasma concentrations of Al and Cu increased and Zn and Br decreased in the hemodialyzed patients with CRF. An elevated concentration of plasma Al may be primarily caused by permeation from dialysate across the dialyzer membrane. The use of water produced by reverse osmosis will prevent the elevation of plasma Al concentration in patients with CRF.
The concentrations of trace elements in three different types of blood cells--erythrocytes, thrombocytes and neutrophils--were determined by nuclear microprobe analysis in 11 children with Down's syndrome (DS) and compared with those in 13 controls. The median concentration of copper in all three types of blood cells and that of calcium in erythrocytes were significantly higher in DS children than in controls. In contrast, the median levels of zinc in erythrocytes, of manganese and iron in erythrocytes and neutrophils, and of magnesium in erythrocytes and thrombocytes were significantly lower in DS than in control children. In 10 of the 11 DS children, detectable erythrocyte levels of titanium were found, which is remarkable, since this was not observed in any of the cells from the control children.
The variations of trace element availability was examined with 6 adult male sheep (Texel) maintained in metabolic crates. They received cocksfoot cut each morning during the first vegetation cycle and offered ad libitum (10 % refused food), for 6 day periods. It appears from the resulting data that: -- The stage of cocksfoot development has a strong influence upon the digestibility and the retention of copper, zinc and manganese. --There is an almost perfect parallelism between the variations of manganese digestibility and retention and those of cocksfoot manganese content. -- For copper, the beginning of the first vegetation cycle (young grass highly digestible) is as poorly digestible as the flowering (strawy hay of poor quality). This last result would indicate that the low copper digestibility generally observed with young grass depends on specific factors related to the characteristics of forage at the early vegetation stage. Zinc behaves similarly.
This is a comparative survey of hair trace elements of 69 schizophrenics matched with normals, the result of which is summarized as follows: It was found that the hair Cu Fe Mg in all patients and Mn in females had significantly lower quantities than normals, in addition to which no significant difference of CU/ZN ratio was found between the patients and the normals and there were no significant differences of hair Cu Fe Mn Zn Mg in schizophrenics before and after chlorpromazine treatment. The hair Fe Mn in recovered group were significantly higher than the improved group, it was probably related to the former had more patients with extrapyramidal symptoms than the later. That was coincident with the hair Fe was increased significantly in the patients with extrapyramidal symptoms of study group after Chlorpromazine treatment. The authors suggest the need for further study on the theory of Parkinson-like Syndrome could probably be related to free-radical formation.
Trace element contents of scalp hair from randomly selected, ethnically homogeneous subjects of Darjeeling (India) were compared with those of the residents of San Diego, California (U.S.A.). The differences between mean concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cu, Na and Cd in the two groups were not significant, and the concentrations of K, Fe, Mn and Zn were significantly higher (P less than 0.01), and that of Al was significantly lower (P less than 0.01), in hair of the residents of Darjeeling. Concentrations of lead in four of the Darjeeling hair samples were very high (greater than 30 micrograms g-1) and in the remaining samples the mean concentration was similar to San diego hair samples. In two mentally retarded Darjeeling subjects, abnormally high values of aluminum (50 and 70 micrograms g-1) and iron (155 and 196 micrograms g-1) were observed. The mean aluminum concentration (2.4 micrograms g-1) in the remaining Darjeeling hair samples was significantly lower than the mean aluminum concentration (10.6 micrograms g-1) in the San Diego hair samples (P less than 0.01). The mean manganese concentration in Darjeeling hair was 20 times higher than the mean manganese content in San Diego hair samples.
Lack of coherence in the results of trace element (TE) analyses produced by various laboratories has been such as to necessitate much needed technical improvements and more detailed control over sample preparations. For too long, except for a few praiseworthy researchers, the importance of sampling conditions has been underestimated as a source of erroneous TE results. Many of the precautionary procedures for previously studied TE collection materials have proven to be so cumbersome that they cannot be applied in a hospital setting. This report deals with sampling material and conditions from a workday standpoint; a rigorous description of the contaminating roles of ambient air and routine handling of specimens places emphasis on the practical. While some metals, including cobalt, copper, iron, and selenium, present no significant risk of contamination, others, such as aluminum, cadmium, chromium, manganese, and nickel, pose quite a significant risk. They warrant attention with respect not only to the sampling itself but also the selection of the material to be used. Drawing on our hospital experience, we propose a critical approach toward the collection of samples of biological fluids (blood, urine, dialysis fluids). Needles, catheters, tubes (open and evacuated systems), and anticoagulants on the market are likewise assessed in terms of their contaminative roles. For each one elementary rules as well as realistic choices of materials and methods for a hospital environment are proposed.