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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Fabrication of one-piece all-ceramic coronal post and laminate veneer restoration: a clinical report.

The procedure used for the restoration of maxillary right and left lateral incisors with all-ceramic one-piece coronal post and laminate veneer restorations is described in this clinical report. The proposed treatment technique conserves the remaining tooth structure, reestablishes function, offers satisfactory esthetics, and represents an alternative to traditional restoration procedures with the use of adhesive bonding techniques.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2003

Proximal contour modifications for fixed partial dentures: a clinical report.

An often-neglected aspect of fixed prosthodontics is the contour of the tooth adjacent to the cast restoration. The adjacent surfaces should be surveyed to reveal compatibility with the path of insertion of the restoration. Adjacent contacts may have to be altered to permit the placement of the fixed partial denture and to ensure proper contact size/shape and embrasure size. The need for guide planes on teeth adjacent to fixed partial denture abutments in fixed prosthodontics is described.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMed2006

Optimizing resin cement removal around esthetic crown margins.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify luting cement at the crown-tooth interface of esthetic crowns fabricated using four different techniques and two methods of excess cement removal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four methods of crown fabrication were used: the feldspathic porcelain and platinum foil technique, the feldspathic porcelain and refractory die technique, the resin composite crown and CAD/CAM technique, and the feldspathic porcelain crown and CAD/CAM technique. Half of the cemented crowns were allocated to Group A: removal of excess cement by flicking-off with a plastic instrument 3 min after initial polymerization, or Group B: removal of excess cement using a wiping action with cotton pellets. Morphologic measurements, using non-destructive digital profilometry, were made of the volume of excess cement (mm(3)), mean maximum and mean depth of excess cement (microm), and surface area of excess cement (mm(2)). RESULTS: ANOVA and Duncan post-hoc tests revealed no statistical differences (p<0.05) between the four types of crown fabrication with respect to volume and mean depth of retained luting cement. There was a significantly greater volume, mean depth, and mean maximum depth of luting cement retained using the "flick off" method compared to the cotton pellet "wiping" method for excess cement removal, but no statistical differences in mean surface area between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: Following removal of excess luting cement, as judged clinically, using two methods, subclinical amounts of cement remained adherent to the tooth surface of all specimens at the crown-tooth interface.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Drug delivery strategies for common orofacial diseases.

There are many types of diseases associated with the oral cavity. As an adjunct to professional oral dental care, various drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the treatment or prevention of these diseases. In this manuscript, the current status of drug delivery strategies for these common orofacial diseases is reviewed. Biomineral-binding drug delivery and on-demand drug release are suggested to be considered in the future design of drug delivery systems for orofacial diseases. Apparently, this research field deserves much more attention from both pharmaceutical scientists and dental health professionals.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2003

Cleaning of the root canal using Nd:YAP laser and its effect on the mineral content of the dentin.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of root canal cleanliness with and without Nd:YAP laser and to assess the effect of the laser on the mineral content of the dentin. BACKGROUND DATA: A high degree of cleanliness of the canal when using the Nd:YAG laser has been shown while the laser is in contact with the canal wall. A new Nd:YAP laser has been studied recently, which is considered to be superior to the Nd:YAG with regard to antibactericidal ability due to its 1.34 micro m wavelength, which is in the infra-red range. This wavelength is absorbed better in water than that of Nd:YAG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen extracted single rooted premplars were divided into two groups. In group 1, canals were cleaned, instrumented, and shaped with K files. In group 2, initial preparation was done using K files and completed with a Nd:YAP laser. Teeth were then split longitudinally and submitted to scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The cleanliness of the laser-treated teeth was significantly greater than teeth treated with K files alone (p < 0.05). No difference in Ca and P content was detected when the use of K files was compared to the use of laser. CONCLUSION: It appears that the Nd:YAP laser improves the cleanliness of the root canal. However, since the Nd:YAP laser serves as an addition to K files, its clinical value for replacing conventional root canal instrumentation remains to be determined.

Calcium↗
PubMed2004

Cleaning of the root canal using Nd:YAP laser and its effect on the mineral content of the dentin.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of root canal cleanliness with and without Nd:YAP laser and to assess the effect of the laser on the mineral content of the dentin. BACKGROUND DATA: A high degree of cleanliness of the canal when using Nd:YAG laser has been shown while the laser had been in contact with the canal wall. A new Nd:YAP laser has been studied recently, which is considered to be superior to Nd:YAG with regard to antibactericidal ability due to its 1.34-mu wavelength, which is in the infra red range. This wavelength is absorbed better in water that of Nd:YAG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen extracted single rooted premplars were divided into two groups. In group 1, canals were cleaned, instrumented and shaped with K files. In group 2, initial preparation was done using K files and completed with a Nd:YAP laser. Teeth were then split longitudinally and submitted to SEM. RESULTS: The cleanliness of the laser treated teeth was significantly greater than teeth treated with K files alone (p<0.05). No difference in Ca and P content was detected when the use of K files was compared to the use of laser. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that Nd:YAP laser improves the cleanliness of the root canal. However, since Nd:YAP laser serves as an addition to K files, its clinical value for replacing conventional root canal instrumentation remains to be determined.

Calcium↗
PubMed1997

The carbon dioxide laser as an aid in apicoectomy: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: To achieve the required goal of optimally sealing the apical section and the root-canal when performing an apicoectomy, the authors decided to use the CO2 laser as an additional aid. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The CO2 laser has previously shown to have an excellent sealing effect on dentin surfaces. METHODS: In this in vitro study, the authors examined the effects of CO2 laser application in apicoectomies with the help of color penetration tests and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examinations. Sections and root canals were irradiated with low power (0.5 W) in continuous wave mode for totally 20 sec. The thermal stress for the adjacent tissues attaching thereto is moderate as shown by infrared-spectroscopy. RESULTS: A comparison with nonirradiated samples revealed that CO2 laser irradiation reduced color penetration at the section to a minimum. Also, irradiation of the root-canal wall resulted in satisfactory sealing of the surface. These findings were supported by the results of the SEM examinations. CONCLUSIONS: CO2 laser treatment optimally prepares the tooth for final intraoperative filling because of sealing of the dentinal tubules, the resultant elimination of niches for bacteria and the sterilizing effect of the laser.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed1998

Pulsed Nd:YAG laser application to one-visit treatment of infected root canals in dogs: a histopathological study.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation during root canal treatment of infected teeth were investigated histopathologically in dogs. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Effects of Nd:YAG laser on infected root canal treatment have not been reported in vivo. METHODS: One hundred thirty-five teeth with a single root, including incisors and premolars, in 15 healthy adult beagle-strain dogs were used in this study. After inducing infection in the teeth, each root canal was shaped with at least a # 40 K-file, then the canal was irradiated using the following parameters: 1 W, 30 pps for 1 and 2 sec; 2 W, 30 pps for 1 and 2 sec. Efficacy of debris removal and evaporation on the root canal walls at 2 weeks, and the degree of inflammation of the periapical region at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after laser irradiation were examined histopathologically by light microscopy. RESULTS: Effective debris removal was observed in all cases of the laser-treated groups. No evaporation was observed except at the conditions of 2 W for 2 sec. Inflammation of periapical region in the laser-treated groups was similar in the control group at 2 weeks, but was significantly less than that in the control group at 8 weeks (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pulsed Nd:YAG laser is useful for one-visit root canal treatment of infected teeth in dogs, if appropriate parameters are selected, and this is a potential therapy for human apical lesions of teeth.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Studies on the removal of debris near the apical seats by Er:YAG laser and assessment with a fiberscope.

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser to remove debris near the apical seats in root canals and to evaluate the efficacy of a fiberscope for the assessment of remnant debris on the root canal wall in vitro. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: There has been no report to evaluate residual debris in root canals after Er:YAG laser irradiation using a fiberscope. METHODS: After cleansing and shaping by a one step back method with the alternative irrigation of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite solution, 80 extracted single root human teeth with straight canals were randomly divided into four groups. The teeth of groups 1, 2, and 3 were irradiated by Er:YAG laser at the parameters of 1 W, 2 W, and 3 W, respectively. Group 4 was comprised of control specimens that were not lased. After laser irradiation, the remnant debris on the apical portions of all root canals was evaluated by fiberscopy. The teeth were then bisected longitudinally, and the specimens were observed by stereoscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degree of remaining debris on the apical seats was scored. RESULTS: The degree of remaining debris observed by fiberscopy coincided with the results by SEM. There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 4, and also between groups 2 and 4, but the remaining debris in group 3 was significantly decreased after Er:YAG laser irradiation compared with that in group 4 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Er:YAG laser irradiation is effective for removal of debris near the apical seats and that a fiberscope is useful for the evaluation of the remaining debris near the apical seats of intact teeth.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed2000

A simple method for the analysis of root canal preparation.

The purpose of this article is to present a simple and easy method for in vitro analysis of root canal instrumentation that permits one to observe and measure the diameter of a root before and after instrumentation, using the teeth themselves as control.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2000

Quality of root-end preparations using ultrasonic and rotary instrumentation in cadavers.

Prior investigations have demonstrated dentinal cracking and chipping during ultrasonic preparation of the root-end. This study compared the frequency of cracking and chipping in two groups, cadaver and extracted teeth, using an indirect resin technique. Preparations were performed using either a 33 1/2 inverted cone bur in a high-speed handpiece, or with ultrasonics using a CT-2 tip at either high or low intensity. After replication of the root-end in epoxy resin, all teeth were evaluated for cracking and chipping under scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis using a general contingency table or ANOVA with Scheffé post-hoc analysis (p = 0.05) revealed no significant difference between all groups in terms of root-end cracking. In extracted teeth (n = 15), rotary instrumentation produced less chipping than either ultrasonic technique. Varying the intensity was not significant. There was no significant difference between any instrumentation group in cadaver teeth (n = 10) related to the amount of chipping.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Furcation groove of buccal root of maxillary first premolars--a morphometric study.

Furcation grooves on the palatal aspect of the buccal roots of 35 maxillary first premolars, randomly selected, were assessed and found to exist in 97% of the sample. The buccal roots were sectioned into slices, 1 mm thick, and morphometric horizontal and vertical measurements were taken by a Toolmaker Microscope. The slice with the deepest invaginations served as the reference plane. The deepest invaginations were found to be at a mean distance of 1.18 mm from the bifurcation, with a mean depth of 0.4 mm. The canal had a kidney-shaped appearance in cross-section, and the mean distance from the invagination to the canal wall was 0.81 mm. It is thus hazardous to use rotary instruments for flaring these roots and any circular-shaped post space preparation at this level is contraindicated. The outcome of such procedures might be root thinning, perforation, or vertical root fracture, thus causing a poor prognosis.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2000

Retrograde seal in ultrasonically prepared canals.

The sealing ability of various retrofilling materials was compared. The root canals of 85 single-rooted teeth were cleansed and obturated with gutta-percha without sealer using lateral condensation. The apical 3 mm of the roots were resected and divided into positive control, negative control, and five experimental groups. The experimental teeth received root-end cavity preparation to 3 mm depth using an ultrasonic retroprep tip. The retrocavities were dried and divided into five groups to receive the following materials: amalgam with varnish, amalgam with Clearfil Liner Bond II, thermoplasticized gutta-percha (TGP) with sealer, Ketac-fil, and Super-EBA. After immersion in India ink for 7 days, the roots were demineralized, cleared, and evaluated for dye leakage under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis showed that Super-EBA, Ketac-fil, and TGP with sealer demonstrated less leakage than amalgam with varnish and amalgam with Clearfil Liner Bond II (p < 0.05). Super-EBA also leaked significantly less than Ketac-fil or TGP sealer (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between Ketac-fil and TGP or between the two groups filled with amalgam (p > 0.05).

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed2000

Frequency of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary molars as determined by use of an operating microscope: a clinical study.

Operating microscopes have recently been introduced to facilitate treatment of surgical and nonsurgical endodontic cases. The aim of this study was to determine in an in vivo clinical study if the use of an operating microscope would increase the number of second mesiobuccal canals located and obturated in maxillary first and second molars. Two hundred maxillary first and second molars treated with the aid of a microscope were evaluated. The number of second mesiobuccal canals that could be negotiated and obturated within 4 mm of the apex was recorded. Thirty percent of all maxillary molars had a negotiable second mesiobuccal canal. Evaluated separately, 33.1% of the maxillary first molars and 24.3% of the second molars had a negotiable second mesiobuccal canal. Results indicated that use of a surgical microscope did not increase the number of second mesiobuccal canals located, compared with those reports where access preparations were modified and the microscope was not used.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed2001

Frequency of overinstrumentation with an acceptable radiographic working length.

The aim of this in vitro study was to determine how frequent a seemingly accurate working length ending radiographically 0 to 2 mm short of the radiographic apex resulted in an instrumentation beyond the apical foramen. Under simulated clinical conditions working lengths of 169 root canals were radiographically determined in 91 extracted teeth. In all cases the measuring files adjusted to the final working length (Iwork) were located 0 to 2 mm short of the radiographic apex. Iwork was subsequently compared with the actual reference length (Iref) representing the distance between the apical foramen and the coronal reference. Instrumentation beyond the apical foramen (Iwork > ref) occurred in premolars in 51% (95% confidence interval: 36%; 66%) of the cases, in molars in 22% (95% confidence interval: 14%; 30%), and in anterior teeth in no case. These results suggest that in premolars and molars a radiographically working length ending 0 to 2 mm short of the radiographic apex provides, more often than expected, a basis for unintentional overinstrumentation.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2001

Operating microscope improves negotiation of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary molars.

This in vitro study investigated the prevalence, location, and pathway of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB-2) in 45 first and second maxillary molars using the operating microscope (OM). Initially location and negotiation of MB-2 were attempted without magnification. Teeth in which MB-2 was not located or could not be negotiated were further explored under OM. Roots where MB-2 could not be negotiated even with OM were cross-sectioned and inspected microscopically. Morphometric measurements were performed to map the location of MB-2. Without magnification an apparent MB-2 orifice was located in 42 teeth and the canal negotiated in 31 (69%). With OM one additional apparent MB-2 orifice was located, and five previously identified canals were negotiated (total 80%). The root cross-sections confirmed the absence of MB-2 in all nine teeth where it was not negotiated. Location of MB-2 varied randomly. In conclusion MB-2 can be negotiated in 80% of maxillary molars, although an orifice is apparent in 96% of the teeth. Ability to negotiate MB-2 is facilitated by OM.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed2001

Effect on the healing of periapical perforations in dogs of the addition of growth factors to calcium hydroxide.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and insulin-like growth factor-I to calcium hydroxide in the repair of apical perforations in dogs. Fifty-one premolar teeth of four beagle dogs were used. After developing periapical lesions root apices were artificially perforated. The teeth were divided into the three groups: group 1, the apical perforations were not sealed; group 2, the perforated areas were obturated with calcium hydroxide; and group 3, calcium hydroxide plus growth factors was applied to the sites of perforation. All canals were filled by a lateral condensation technique. Animals were killed 12 wk later, and sections were hematoxylin & eosin-stained and immunostained for osteonectin. The amount of inflammation was evaluated histomorphologically. The one-way ANOVA test demonstrated that the three groups were significantly different from one another. In group 3 there was no inflammatory reaction of apical tissue, and the connective tissue adjacent to the newly formed hard tissue was strongly immunostained for osteonectin. Most sections in group 1 showed no apical healing. Moderate healing was found in group 2. In conclusion the combination of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and insulin-like growth factor-I with calcium hydroxide improved healing of apical perforation in dogs.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗