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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effects of Nd: and Ho:yttrium-aluminium-garnet lasers on human dentine fluid flow and dental pulp-chamber temperature in vitro.

Dentine specimens were prepared from freshly extracted third molars and initial permeability measured. Each specimen was subjected to Nd:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG) (1.06 or 1.32 microns wavelength) or Ho:YAG (2.10 microns wavelength) laser energy while temperatures in the pulp chambers were recorded. Permeability was again measured and the surfaces examined by scanning electron microscopy. Six crown segments were used for each laser variable and eight permeability measurements were taken before and eight after laser exposure, while temperature was recorded during treatment. All wavelengths reduced permeability but temperature rises were high enough to have caused pulpal damage, indicating that shorter treatment times and lower power settings may be necessary if used in vivo.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1984

Periodontal surgical preparation for specific problems in restorative dentistry.

The interrelationships of restorative/prosthetic problems involving the physiologic gingival attachment have been reviewed. Specific problems that may occur include subgingival caries, crown fracture, inadequate crown length, pin perforation, and exostosis. Periodontal surgery is recommended for some of these problems to assure acceptable periodontal health to support the restorative therapy and provide a long-term prognosis.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1998

Common pediatric dental problems.

Physicians who provide primary care for children have a unique position to provide diagnostic, triage, educational, and preventive dental care for patients. Several papers have been published regarding primary pediatricians' participation in the preventive dental health care of their patients. One publication, a survey of physicians in Alabama focusing on physicians' overall awareness of dental issues, concluded that most physicians believe they have a role in the oral health of their patients, yet most were not aware of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry's recommendations. Most physicians report that they routinely perform oral examinations during physical examinations of children and deliver preventive, oral information by the age of 6 months or earlier; however, most recommend that infants' first visit should be at 3 years of age, not at the time of first-tooth eruption as the authors recommend. Furthermore, many primary care physicians do not talk about oral health during prenatal counseling. Many physicians understand the preventive advantages of fluoride, yet most do not prescribe vitamin combinations that contain fluoride. If an understanding of the aforementioned issues of dental care, as well as aspects of preventive care in infants and children, become more uniform among primary care physicians, the prevention-based practice of pediatric dentistry will become much more successful, and children and adults will enjoy better dental health.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1968

Dental care.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1989

An evaluation of tricalcium phosphate as a treatment for endodontic perforations.

In the rat, perforations of maxillary molars were created and treated with either tricalcium phosphate (Synthograft) or Cavit. At four time intervals (1 day, 1 wk, 2 wk, and 1 month), four evaluative factors (inflammation, bone resorption, cementum and dentin resorption, and epithelial proliferation) were analyzed and compared for the two materials. For the individual time periods, there were no statistically significant differences between the two materials. However, when all four time periods were combined, there was a statistically significant better result for tricalcium phosphate than for Cavit with respect to decreased inflammation (p less than 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Endodontic complications of root canal therapy performed by dental students with stainless-steel K-files and nickel-titanium hand files.

Straightening of curved canals is one of the most common procedural errors in endodontic instrumentation. This problem is commonly encountered when dental students perform molar endodontics. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the type of instrument used by these students on the extent of straightening and on the incidence of other endodontic procedural errors. Nickel-titanium 0.02 taper hand files were compared with traditional stainless-steel 0.02 taper K-files. Sixty molar teeth comprised of maxillary and mandibular first and second molars were treated by senior dental students. Instrumentation was with either nickel-titanium hand files or stainless-steel K-files. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs of each tooth were taken using an XCP precision instrument with a customized bite block to ensure accurate reproduction of radiographic angulation. The radiographs were scanned and the images stored as TIFF files. By superimposing tracings from the preoperative over the postoperative radiographs, the degree of deviation of the apical third of the root canal filling from the original canal was measured. The presence of other errors, such as strip perforation and instrument breakage, was established by examining the radiographs. In curved canals instrumented by stainless-steel K-files, the average deviation of the apical third of the canals was 14.44 degrees (+/- 10.33 degrees). The deviation was significantly reduced when nickel-titanium hand files were used to an average of 4.39 degrees (+/- 4.53 degrees). The incidence of other procedural errors was also significantly reduced by the use of nickel-titanium hand files.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed1980

Interdisciplinary training: hospital dental general practice/emergency medicine.

The interaction between the residency training program in hospital dental general practice and emergency medicine at The Medical College of Pennsylvania is discussed. The contribution by the emergency medicine resident to the training of the dental resident and the role of the dental resident in the education of the emergency medicine resident are described in detail. Methods for enhancing this unique relationship between two departments are presented.

Communication↗
PubMed1998

A one-year review of maxillofacial sports injuries treated at an accident and emergency department.

To assess the aetiology and demand for oral and maxillofacial surgery services associated with sports injuries, a prospective study was undertaken. Data were collected from consecutive patients (with maxillofacial injuries associated with sports) attending the accident and emergency department at the Cardiff Royal Infirmary in the UK during a 12-month period and analysed. Data relating to demography, aetiology, site and extent of injury, treatment and outcome were collected. There were 790 attendances (695M:85F) arising principally from injuries related to rugby (n = 206), cycling (n = 189) and football (n = 109) but few from recognized contact sports (n = 26). The principal causes of these injuries were direct bodily contact (n = 260) and falls (n = 219). The commonest injury was soft-tissue laceration (n = 604); 80 patients had dentoalveolar fractures and 64 patients had fractures of the facial skeleton. Injuries were located in the upper- (n = 257), middle- (n = 201) and lower third of the face (n = 124) with 188 lip/intraoral injuries. Repair of lacerations (n = 600) was the commonest treatment; only 46 fractures required interventive treatment. Follow-up was performed for most of these patients at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Dental Hospital (n = 404) and general medical/dental practitioners (n = 258). These data highlight the importance of oral and maxillofacial surgery staff in the management of sports injuries in accident and emergency departments. Moreover, they suggest the need for prioritization of rule and legislation changes and the continuing need to improve safety standards to prevent maxillofacial injuries.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2003

The effect of magnification on the iatrogenic damage to adjacent tooth surfaces during class II preparation.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the amount of damage to adjacent surfaces during cavity preparation of approximal box-cavities by using either no magnification or an individually adapted surgical telescope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine dentists prepared in a mannequin head 4 approximal (class II) box-cavities without magnification using a high speed handpiece with lighting from a dental unit. At least 2 months later the test was repeated with a surgical telescope system with integrated light. The degree of damage the 72 adjacent surfaces suffered was determined. RESULTS: The average time needed to prepare one cavity was 14.9min without and 18.3min with magnification (p=0.01). Altogether, 29.7% of adjacent area were damaged when no surgical telescopes were used and 34.5% when surgical telescopes were applied (p>0.05). When the mesial-facing and distal-facing surfaces were analysed independently a statistically significant increase of damage was found on distal surfaces (p=0.03) when using surgical telescopes. Seventy surfaces (=97%) had a preparation trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical telescopes do not decrease damage of adjacent tooth surfaces.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Direct detection of Actinomyces spp. from infected root canals in a Chinese population: a study using PCR-based, oligonucleotide-DNA hybridization technique.

OBJECTIVES: The poor sensitivity of phenotypic identification techniques has hampered the taxonomic differentiation of Actinomyces. Hence we developed a sensitive and specific, PCR-based oligonucleotide-DNA hybridization technique to detect Actinomyces spp. and, used this method to detect these organisms in samples directly obtained from infected root canals. METHODS: A total of 32 samples from 28 Chinese patients, with primary root canal infections, aseptically exposed at the first patient visit, were studied. Whole bacterial genomic DNA was isolated directly from paper point samples. The variable regions of 16S ribosomal DNA of bacteria were amplified and labeled with digoxigenin for further hybridization and detection. A total of seven oligonucleotide probes specific for A. bovis, A. gerencseriae, A. israelii, A. meyeri, catalase-negative A. naeslundii (genospecies 1 and 2), catalase-positive A. naeslundii genospecies 2 and A. odontolyticus were used. RESULTS: 16 of the 32 teeth were infected with one or more Actinomyces species. The prevalence rates of the examined species were: A. odontolyticus 31.3%, A. meyeri 9.4%, A. naeslundii 9.4%, A. israelii 6.3% and A. gerencseriae 3.1%; no A. bovis was detected in any of the canals. Furthermore, A. odontolyticus was isolated more frequently from root canals with caries or a history of caries (Fisher's exact test: P=0.0496; Odds ratio=9.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.97-83.63), and A. naeslundii was significantly associated with traumatized teeth (Fisher's exact test: P=0.0121; Odds ratio=57.00, 95% confidence interval: 2.10-1546.90). However, no significant correlation was found between Actinomyces spp. and clinical symptoms and signs, such as pain, swelling, percussion to tenderness, sinus and periapical radiolucency. CONCLUSION: Actinomyces spp. may be important pathogens of root canal infections. A. naeslundii in particular may be related with traumatized teeth. A. odontolyticus appears to be involved in infections related to caries, exposure of dentinal tubules during cavity preparation and/or leaking restoration, but further clarification with large samples is necessary.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The reasons for tooth extractions in adults and their validation.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the primary reasons for the extraction of permanent teeth in adults and to validate the dentists' reasons for extraction. METHODS: Twenty-one dentists in the Greater Manchester area took part in the study. These dentists provided extracted teeth stored in 10% buffered formal saline together with details of the patient's age, sex, dental attendance pattern and the reason for extraction. In order to validate the reasons for extraction, teeth were examined for the presence or absence of coronal and root caries. A subgroup of 80 teeth, half of which were extracted primarily for caries and half for periodontal reasons were selected, stained and attachment loss measured at six sites per tooth to validate periodontal reasons for extraction. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-nine teeth were collected of which 37% were extracted primarily due to caries and 29% due to periodontal disease. Caries was the main reason for extraction in patients under 50 years, whereas periodontal disease was the commonest reason in the over-50 age group. Irregular attenders had more extractions for caries than regular attenders but attendance pattern did not affect the proportion of teeth extracted for periodontal reasons. The mean greatest loss of attachment on teeth extracted for periodontal reasons was 12 mm compared with 6.5 mm for caries. CONCLUSION: In this group of patients caries was the most common reason for extraction of teeth but periodontal disease became a more important reason for extraction after 50 years of age. The study validated the dentists' given reason for extraction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

An in vitro study of the passivity of splints in dental trauma.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the passivity of splints which were constructed with orthodontic materials since a force could unintentionally be generated by the appliance and perturb the healing process of the injured teeth. METHODS: A specific data acquisition system, with a 2D force transducer, was developed to evaluate its passivity. Four types of splints were studied on a maxillary dental arch model and the splints were constructed with 0.559 mm standard edgewise brackets, with stainless steel square or round orthodontic wires and with 0.254 mm preformed ligatures or 3.05 mm elastomeric ones. The studied orthodontic wires were straight-lengthened or Arch Blank preformed types and three sizes of square wires and five sizes of round ones were tested. RESULTS: The orthodontic appliances were rarely passive but the splints constructed with elastomeric ligatures and an Arch Blank preformed wire were significantly different from those constructed with stainless steel ligatures and a straight wire or with stainless steel ligatures and an Arch Blank preformed wire or with elastomeric ligatures and a straight wire (P < 0.05). The best control of passivity was obtained with the 0.432 mm x 0.432 mm splints (P < 0.05) and the mean force generated by those appliances was 0.13 x 10(-2) N. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of orthodontic materials influenced the passivity of dental splints and it would seem that elastomeric ligatures and an Arch Blank preformed wire should be used for its construction.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iatrogenic damage to adjacent teeth during classical approximal box preparation.

OBJECTIVES: Cutting and finishing approximal preparations with conventional instrumentation and methods may produce iatrogenic damage in adjacent tooth surfaces which subsequently requires restoration. The objective of this investigation was to determine the occurrence of iatrogenic damage and whether, under everyday working conditions in dental practice, such damage could be reduced significantly by using an alternative method and instrumentation designed especially for the purpose. METHODS: Dental practitioners were asked to take impressions of teeth scheduled for Class II amalgam restorations. One group (control) prepared the teeth with conventional rotary instrumentation (n = 71), while the test group used a new method and instrumentation (n = 63). These comprised a set of files, a right-angle handpiece with reduced stroke, 36 fixed (rotation-locked) positions for the files and a cylindrical bur with a recessed front-end cutting surface. Damage to the adjacent teeth was assessed under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Using conventional methods, all adjacent tooth surfaces showed damage, often exposing deep layers of dental tissues. There was a clinical and statistically significant reduction of incidence and severity of iatrogenic preparation trauma in the test group. CONCLUSION: It appears that conventional approximal box preparation results in significant damage to adjacent tooth surfaces. With the system tested, damage to adjacent tooth surfaces during preparation of proximal boxes can be significantly reduced. This should have an impact on the subsequent rate of restoration for the adjacent surfaces.

Dental Amalgam↗