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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

NF-kappa B defects in humans: the NEMO/incontinentia pigmenti connection.

The components of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) family of transcription factors are critical for regulating the response to immune challenges. Recently, a role for NF-kappaB in skin biology has been revealed. Within the cascade of proteins whose activities impinge upon the activation of NF-kappaB, the NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator)/IKKgamma protein is required for the activation of the IkappaB kinases, which in turn, promote the degradation of IkappaB proteins, leading to the derepression of NF-kappaB activity. Courtois and Israël discuss the role of NEMO/IKKgamma in normal physiological activation of NF-kappaB and the consequences of defective NF-kappaB activation, as an effect of NEMO/IKKgamma mutations, which can lead to incontinentia pigmenti, a disease marked by alopecia, tooth eruption, skin lesions, and changes in skin pigmentation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Study of humoral immunity to commensal oral bacteria in human infants demonstrates the presence of secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies reactive with Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 ribotypes.

The mouths of three human infants were examined from birth to age 2 years to detect colonization of Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2. These bacteria did not colonize until after tooth eruption. The diversity of posteruption isolates was determined by ribotyping. Using immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the reactivity of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies in saliva samples collected from each infant before and after colonization against cell wall proteins from their own A. naeslundii strains and carbohydrates from standard A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 strains. A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 carbohydrate-reactive SIgA antibodies were not detected in any saliva sample. However, SIgA antibodies reactive with cell wall proteins were present in saliva before these bacteria colonized the mouth. These antibodies could be almost completely removed by absorption with A. odontolyticus, a species known to colonize the human mouth shortly after birth. However, after colonization by A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2, specific antibodies were induced that could not be removed by absorption with A. odontolyticus. Cluster analysis of the patterns of reactivity of postcolonization salivary antibodies from each infant with antigens from their own strains showed that not only could these antibodies discriminate among strains but antibodies in saliva samples collected at different times showed different reactivity patterns. Overall, these data suggest that, although much of the salivary SIgA antibodies reactive with A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 are directed against genus-specific or more broadly cross-reactive antigens, species, genospecies, and possibly strain-specific antibodies are induced in response to colonization.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2006

Factitious buccal lesion secondary to bruxism in a child with cerebral palsy.

Children with cerebral palsy are at greater risk of a whole range of oral conditions than their peers. These include bruxism (tooth grinding), oral skill dysfunction, gross malocclusion due to effects of the abnormal orofacial muscle tone on tooth eruption, drooling of saliva, and poor oral hygiene. A challenging case of a painful buccal lesion in a 2 year old girl with cerebral palsy (CP) that did not respond to antifungal, antiviral or antibiotic treatment is presented as a factitious lesion. The recognition and significance of self-injurious behaviour and factitious lesions in children are discussed.

Bruxism↗
PubMed1997

Interstitial deletion, del(4)(q12q21.1), owing to de novo unbalanced translocation in a 2 year old girl: further evidence that the piebald trait maps to proximal 4q12.

A very short, microcephalic, and mentally retarded 2 year old girl showed minor anomalies including prominent occiput, delayed closure of the anterior fontanelle, high frontal hairline, prominent ears, upward slanting palpebral fissures, a small nose with bulbous tip, delayed tooth eruption and bone maturation, and short and tapering fingers and toes. She did not have a white forelock. Cytogenetic investigation disclosed a de novo unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 4 and 18 with deletion of 4q12-->q21.1. Molecular investigation showed lack of a paternal allele for the microsatellite markers D4S392 and D4S398. This case shows indirect evidence that the piebald gene maps to proximal 4q12.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2001

Abattoir survey of dental defects in cull cows.

The teeth in the severed heads of 501 cull cows, all over 30 months of age, were examined at an abattoir in the north of England in 1997/98; 80 per cent of them were Friesians or Holsteins. Seventy-three animals (14.6 per cent) had one or more missing incisors, most of which were acquired losses. Rotation and overlapping of rostral teeth were also common, as was attrition. Congenitally absent first lower premolars, other missing teeth, large and often multiple interdental spaces, and a few cases of macrodontia, cavitation, multiple defects and fractures were observed in the cheek tooth arcades. There were some unusual patterns of premolar and molar attrition, often attributable to malocclusion, one result of which was the formation of a hook at the posterior extremity of the third maxillary molar.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1980

Radiographic findings in congenital lead poisoning.

Because lead crosses the placenta throughout pregnancy, the fetus is at risk for lead poisoning. A full term, asymptomatic child was born with congenital lead poisoning secondary to maternal pica. Radiographic findings of a dense cranial vault, lead lines, and delayed skeletal and deciduous dental development were noted at birth. After chelation therapy, when the patient was seven months old, radiographs revealed normal skeletal maturation. Tooth eruption did not occur until 15 months of age. Newborn infants with these radiographic findings should be screened for subclinical, congenital lead poisoning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Long-latency growth-promoting activity of EGF when administered to mice at the neonatal stage.

The effect of biosynthetic human epidermal growth factor (Bh-EGF) as well as mouse EGF on postnatal development of mice of ICR strain was examined. Daily administration of Bh-EGF (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 microgram X g body wt-1 X day-1) for 30 consecutive days postpartum caused a clearly dose-dependent increase in their body weight. Furthermore, in addition to the well-known premature eyelid opening and early tooth eruption, we have also observed precocious opening of the vagina among treated females. As far as the accelerated growth rate as reflected in their body weight gain was concerned, daily administration for only five consecutive days postpartum was just as effective as the above noted 30 consecutive daily injections. As to the precocious vaginal opening, however, the susceptible 5-day-period was found to be 14-18 days after the parturition. Some of those treated females also entered the estrous cycle precociously, a few days after the precocious opening of their vagina. The microscopic examination of various organs from treated males and females revealed no apparent pathological changes. As far as the above noted effects of EGF were concerned, Bh-EGF, which is xenogenic to mice, was as potent as mouse EGF.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic diseases in association with microbial species in oral biofilm from elderly requiring care.

BACKGROUND: The oral cavity is a reservoir for colonization and infection of systemic organs by pathogenic bacteria. It is understood that aging, tooth eruption, hormonal changes, active disease, oral hygiene, and other factors have an influence on biofilm formation and bacterial accumulation in the oral cavity. OBJECTIVE: To understand the influence of systemic health care on microfloral changes, we conducted epidemiological studies of nursing home residents in an attempt to elucidate the relationship between underlying systemic diseases and the isolation frequency of oral opportunistic pathogens. METHODS: The prevalence of bacteria and fungi causing pneumonia in association with oral biofilm bacteria were determined using detection culture plates. The influences of gender, age, denture-wearing status, number of teeth, and bedridden status in the patients residing in nursing homes were then analyzed. RESULTS: The isolation frequency rates of Candida albicans, Pseudomonadaceae, Staphylococcus spp., and some strains of Enterobacteriaceae in plaque samples, as well as C. albicans and Xanthomonas maltophilia in samples from the pharynx, were significantly higher in those requiring systemic care (mean age 83.9 years) than in those who did not require such care (mean 71.0 years). In particular, the frequencies of Pseudomonas spp., C. albicans, and Serratia marcescens in plaque were significantly higher in those who were bedridden. Furthermore, the isolation of Pseudomonas spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and/or C. albicans in plaque was significantly associated with heart disease. CONCLUSION: The coexistence of Pseudomonas spp. and C. albicans in elderly with 10-19 teeth is a potential indicator of high risk for pneumonia and heart disease. Therefore, attention to oral hygiene and professional care for removing the indicators may diminish the occurrence of systemic disease in the elderly requiring systemic care.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Development of rotation of mandibular premolar tooth germs in the dog.

The development of premolar tooth germs in dogs, particularly their rotation and crowding, was examined on radiographs, dissected specimens of tooth germs, serial sections stained by Masson-Goldner's technique and reconstructed models. The materials used were the mandibles of 32 puppies from birth to 6 months, and the species was a highly pedigreed Shiba Inu which has no crowding of the premolars in the mature stage. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Rotations and crowdings of premolars, similar to those in brachygnathus dogs and wolves raised in captivity, were observed during ontogenesis of dolichocephalic dogs, whose adult state exhibits no crowding of teeth. (2) The type of rotation was B (the mesial portion is rotated buccally) for the second and third premolars and L (the mesial portion lingually) for the fourth premolar. (3) The rotations of the premolars did not coincide with those of their deciduous predecessors. (4) These rotations appeared in the bud and cap stages of premolars, before the formation of roots of deciduous molars. The premolars developed crowding at 5 months when they increased in dimension.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Mental foramen and mental nerve: changes with age.

In a study of 525 dry mandibles and dissections in 50 cadavers, the mental foramen (MF) was found: single in 94.67% of the cases and multiple in 5.33%. Its shape was round in 34.48% with an average diameter of 1.68 mm and oval in 65.52% with an average long diameter of 2.37 mm. In 43.66% the MF was located in front of the apex of the root of the second premolar. In children before tooth eruption, the MF is somewhat closer to the alveolar margin; during the eruption period, the MF descends to half way between the margins, and in adults with the teeth preserved, the MF is somewhat closer to the inferior border. With loss of teeth and bone resorption the MF moves upwards closer to the alveolar border. In extreme cases of resorption the MF and the adjacent part of the mandibular canal are open at the alveolar margin. In the dissections the findings were similar. The mental nerve emerged from the MF closer to or at the alveolar border, according to the degree of resorption. In extreme degrees of resorption, the mental nerve and the final part of the inferior alveolar nerve were found directly under the gums. In these cases, the vestibular grooves became very shallow, and the mucosa passed directly from the cheeks over the alveolar ridge. Practical implications of the changes of the MF and mental nerve are discussed.

Adolescent↗