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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Neochondrogenesis in free intra-articular, periosteal, and perichondrial autografts in horses.

Periosteal autografts were obtained from the medial aspect of the proximal portion of the tibia, and perichondrial autografts were obtained from the sternum. Using arthroscopic visualization, each autograft was placed as a loose body into 1 tarsocrural joint in 6 young horses (2 to 4 years old). Horses were hand-walked daily, starting the day after surgery, for a total of 6 h/wk for 8 weeks. Eight weeks after autograft implantation, radiographs were taken of each tarsocrural joint and were interpreted with regard to mineralization in the transplanted autografts. Autografts were then surgically removed, and examined macroscopically and microscopically for viability, size, and production of chondroid tissue. All autografts appeared viable and most had evidence of growth. Longest-by-shortest axis value, cross-sectional area, and perimeter were greater in perichondrial autografts than in their periosteal counterparts in 3 horses, but the difference was not significant. Neochondrogenesis was observed in 5 of 6 periosteal grafts and in 1 of 6 perichondrial grafts. Furthermore, the amount of chondroid tissue produced in periosteal autografts was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that produced in the 1 perichondrial graft. The chondroid tissue produced by periosteal autografts had morphologic and matrical staining properties similar to those of hyaline cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Central tarsal implant in a racing greyhound.

Although most type IV fractures in dogs can be treated with screw fixation, type V fractures usually lead to an unsuccessful clinical result. A central tarsal replacement composed of a titanium alloy was developed by our investigation team to treat type V fractures. The implant was used to successfully treat a greyhound and to allow it to return to racing. Continual development of this new surgical procedure hopefully will give the veterinarian predictable and reliable clinical results and return injured greyhounds to active racing.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histomorphometry and vitamin D metabolism of valgus-varus deformity in broiler chickens.

Vitamin D metabolite levels and tibiotarsal histomorphometric characteristics were determined in 49-day-old male broilers. Valgus-varus bone deformity was present in 5.2% and tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in 3% of these broilers, which were raised on floor litter under seemingly normal nutritional, space, and lighting conditions. No significant weight differences were observed between normal and lame broilers. The plasma levels of 25-OH-D were the same in lame and normal broilers. However, 1,25-(OH)2D plasma levels were reduced 28% in broilers with valgus-varus deformities but normal in broilers with TD. Anatomically, there were three different patterns of bone development in the undecalcified mid-diaphyseal sections. The pattern with the least periosteal growth, lowest tetracycline labeling, and smallest marrow cavity was most often seen in valgus-varus deformities. Patterns with greatest periosteal growth, high tetracycline labeling, and larger marrow cavities were more representative of normal broilers. It was hypothesized that defective prostaglandin metabolism reduced 1,25-(OH)2D levels, contributing to the overall reduction in bone formation and bone resorption observed in broilers with valgus-varus bone deformity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of exercise on the vascular pattern in the bone extremities of broiler fowl.

The vascular morphology of the proximal femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus was studied in growing broiler chicks. A carousel was used to exercise one group of 24 birds for four periods of 15 minutes each day. A second group (controls) were not exercised. Some birds were killed during the course of the experiment, and the remainder after 25 days of exercise when they were 33 days old. After killing the limbs were perfused and the bone extremities cleared. The bone extremities were then cut into 1 mm thick slabs and examined. There were abnormalities of the physis and physeal vasculature in 18 (25 per cent) of the bone extremities from the exercised birds and in 24 (40 per cent) of the bone extremities from the unexercised (control) birds. The low level of activity in the unexercised fowls of the present study appeared to contribute to these abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of dyschondroplasia on the rate of bone growth in the fowl.

A group of Leghorn and a group of broiler chicks were reared from day old. At two weeks old a metallic marker was placed unilaterally in the mid-diaphysis of the femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus of every chick. After the operation the limbs were radiographed. After a period of growth the birds were killed and the radiographs repeated. Measurements from the radiographs enabled the calculation of the rate of growth at the bone extremities. There were metaphyseal defects indicative of dyschondroplasia present in some of the broiler bone extremities, these bones were considered as a separate group. When the Leghorn and normal broilers were compared there was a significant reduction in the proportion of growth in the proximal tibiotarsus of the broilers. The dyschondroplastic bone extremities in broilers demonstrated a reduction in the proportional growth rate compared with normal extremities.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between the rate of longitudinal bone growth and physeal thickness in the growing fowl.

The thickness of the physeal cartilage (growth plate) was measured and the rate of longitudinal bone growth estimated in the femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus of different groups of domestic fowl. Birds were either a laying strain or broiler strain fed ad libitum, or a broiler strain on restricted feed. They were killed at different ages from hatching to 10 weeks and the mean thickness of the physeal cartilage and the mean estimated rate of longitudinal bone growth was calculated in the proximal bone extremities. Mean physeal thickness varied from 0.185 to 0.825 mm and longitudinal growth rates between 1.85 and 8.4 mm per week. When growth rates were plotted against physeal thickness the resulting scatter diagram suggested a positive linear relationship between the two. This study provides a range of baseline values for the assessment of proximal physeal thickness in other groups of fowl.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Arthritogenic effects of Mycoplasma arthritidis T cell mitogen in rats.

The intraarticular injection of Mycoplasma arthritidis T cell mitogen (MAM) produced significant joint swelling with inflammation in DA rats. Histologic examination of the joint initially showed edema below the synovial surface layer with light polymorphonuclear and focal lymphoid cell infiltration. Widespread but incomplete shedding of the surface layer of the synovial membrane and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the subsynovium with fibroblasts and macrophages were observed subsequently. The hyperplastic process began to resolve by Day 5 and almost completely disappeared by Day 7 with healing of the surface layer, leaving virtually no trace of the preceding acute episode. Arthritis in animals with previous adjuvant induced arthritis was not exacerbated by the intraarticular injection of MAM.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Vascular pattern of the developing intertarsal joint in the domestic fowl.

The origin and nature of vascular canals in the distal tibiotarsus and proximal tarsometatarsus of the fowl have been described. The vascular pattern was modified at different stages of growth and there were anastomoses between epiphyseal vascular canals in the proximal tarsometatarsus. Such anastomoses are not seen in other bone extremities of the fowl and their presence may be a consequence of the incorporation of tarsal elements in proximal tarsometatarsi. In all the distal tibiotarsi examined, a third epiphyseal ossification centre was present. The pattern of metaphyseal vessels in the distal tibiotarsus and proximal tarsometatarsus was altered in some young chicks. This finding may be the result of abnormal angulation of the intertarsal joint which would result in uneven joint loading.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pattern of vascular canals in the bone extremities of the pelvic appendicular skeleton in broiler type fowl.

Broiler fowls were reared from hatching till 20 weeks old. Birds were killed throughout the growth period and the bone extremities of the pelvic appendicular skeleton prepared for study. The patterns of vascular canals in these broiler fowls were very similar to earlier reports in laying strain fowls. There was a great range of and variation in the vascular morphology of broiler fowl. The physeal vasculature of the rapidly growing broilers was frequently disrupted, and such areas were often associated with dyschondroplastic lesions. The rapidly growing bone extremities in broiler fowls were susceptible to occlusion of epiphyseal vascular canals. lesions were frequently seen at similar sites in different specimens. Links are suggested between the growth rate, weight and behavioural characteristics of broiler fowls and the development of lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Spatial distribution of motor unit fibers in the cat soleus and tibialis anterior muscles: local interactions.

The spatial distribution of muscle fibers belonging to a motor unit was studied in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of adult cats. Motor unit fibers were depleted of their glycogen through repetitive stimulation of the motoneuron or of the functionally isolated motor axon. Subsequently, the position of depleted muscle fibers was mapped on serial cross sections taken along the length of the muscle. A subset of fibers was selected from the cross section containing the largest number of motor unit fibers and 4 spatial analyses were performed. These analyses were designed to determine whether the muscle fibers belonging to a single unit were distributed in a random manner. To test whether the actual distribution was other than random, Monte Carlo techniques were used to simulate the random innervation of a muscle. From these simulations, a test statistic was calculated for comparison with the observed data. Adjacency and nearest-neighbor analyses revealed no tendency for grouping or dispersion of fibers belonging to a motor unit. However, measurement of the distances between all motor unit fibers revealed a greater tendency for grouping than spreading, suggesting the existence of some mechanism that restricts the absolute distribution and territory of a motor unit.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Traumatic tarsal luxation repaired without internal fixation in three horses and three ponies.

Three horses and three ponies were treated for traumatic luxation of the proximal intertarsal or tarsometatarsal joint. In each case, there were fractures of one or more tarsal bones. Three of the animals had disruption of one of the collateral ligaments. Five animals were treated by closed reduction and external coaptation. One pony was treated by open curettage, a cancellous bone graft, and cast immobilization. No internal fixation was used in any of these animals. From this series of cases, it would appear that closed reduction and external coaption alone is adequate treatment for most cases of tarsal luxation.

Animals↗