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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Escalated aggressive behavior: new pharmacotherapeutic approaches and opportunities.

Psychopharmacologic studies of aggressive behavior in animals under controlled laboratory conditions have been instrumental in developing and evaluating specific and effective novel drug treatments that reduce aggressive behavior. An initial contribution of this research is to create experimental conditions that enable the display of aggressive and defensive acts and postures in species that engage in either dominance or territorial or maternal aggression. Quantitative ethological analyses allow the precise delineation of the sequential organization of aggressive bursts, providing a benchmark for assessing excessive or pathological forms of aggressive behavior. A second contribution of preclinical research is the development of experimental models of escalated forms of aggressive behavior, such as focusing on genetic predispositions or social provocations and frustrative experiences. A critical role of preclinical research is in the pharmacological and neurochemical analysis of aggressive behavior; for example, a host of undesirable side effects prompted a shift from classic dopaminergic neuroleptic compounds to the more recently developed atypical neuroleptics with effective and more specific anti-aggressive effects. The long-established role of brain serotonin in impulsive and escalated forms of aggressive behavior continues to be a focus of preclinical studies. New evidence differentiates dynamic state changes in corticolimbic serotonergic neurons during the termination of aggressive behavior from the deficient-serotonin trait in violence-prone individuals. It can be anticipated that currently developed tools for targeting the genes that code for specific subtypes of serotonin receptors will offer new therapeutic options for reducing aggressive behavior, and the 5-HT(1B) receptor appears to be a promising target. The modulation of GABA and GABA(A) receptors by 5-HT in corticolimbic neurons promises to be particularly relevant for specific forms of escalated aggressive behavior such as alcohol-heightened aggression.

Aggression↗
PubMed2003

An action model of socially disruptive behaviors committed by persons with severe mental illness: the role of self-reported childhood abuse and suspiciousness-hostility.

Espousing an Action Theory approach (Brandstadter, 1998; Lerner, 1982), the authors hypothesized that socially disruptive behaviors committed by people with severe mental illness will be at least partly influenced by incidents of childhood sexual and physical abuse. They further hypothesized that this effect of child abuse on disruptive behaviors in severe mental illness will be mediated by patients' suspiciousness and hostility. Structural equation modeling analyses conducted on data collected from 109 people with severe mental illness provided support for this mediating model. Our results encourage further exploration of the role of childhood maltreatment in the adaptation of people with severe mental illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Original management in motor, personality and behavior disturbances in ethylic patients in a department of internal medicine (author's transl)].

33 ethylic patients with motor, personality and behavior disturbances have been treated successfully by tiapride. An oral dose of 5 mg/kg per day was observed to be sufficient in the treatment of lingual and hand tremors. However, in presence of behavior and/or personality disturbances and in predelirium the intramuscular route should be used at the dose of 10 mg/kg per day.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Use of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist to screen for psychosocial problems in pediatric primary care: a national feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: Routine use of a brief psychosocial screening instrument has been proposed as a means of improving recognition, management, and referral of children's psychosocial morbidity in primary care. OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of routine psychosocial screening using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) in pediatrics by using a brief version of the checklist in a large sample representative of the full range of pediatric practice settings in the United States and Canada. We evaluated large-scale screening and the performance of the PSC in detecting psychosocial problems by (1) determining whether the prevalence of psychosocial dysfunction identified by the PSC was consistent with findings in previous, smaller samples; (2) assessing whether the prevalence of positive PSC screening scores varied by population subgroups; and (3) determining whether the PSC was completed by a significant proportion of parents from all subgroups and settings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one thousand sixty-five children between the ages of 4 and 15 years were seen in 2 large primary care networks: the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network and the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network, involving 395 pediatric and family practice clinicians in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and 4 Canadian provinces. Parents were asked to complete a brief questionnaire that included demographic information, history of mental health services, the 35-item PSC, and the number of pediatric visits within the past 6 months. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rates of psychosocial dysfunction as measured by the PSC in school-aged and preschool-aged pediatric outpatients (13% and 10%, respectively) were nearly identical to the rates that had been reported in several smaller samples (12%-14% among school-aged children and 7%-14% among preschoolers). Consistent with previous findings, children from low-income families were twice as likely to be scored as dysfunctional on the PSC than were children from higher-income families. Similarly, children from single-parent as opposed to those from 2-parent families and children with a past history of mental health services showed an elevated risk of psychosocial impairment. The current study was the first to demonstrate a 50% increase in risk of impairment for male children. The overall rate of completed forms was 97%, well within an acceptable range, and at least 94% of the parents in each sociodemographic subgroup completed the PSC form. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the PSC offers an approach to the recognition of psychosocial dysfunction that is sufficiently consistent across groups and locales to become part of comprehensive pediatric care in virtually all outpatient settings. In addition to its clinical utility, the consistency and widespread acceptability of the PSC make it well suited for the next generation of pediatric mental health services research, which can address whether earlier recognition of and intervention for psychosocial problems in pediatrics will lead to cost-effective outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The role of food substitutes in a token economy system.

Data from five behaviour management (token economy) units were analysed for periods of 10-20 weeks before and after the use of a food substitute (Complan), provided when insufficient tokens had been earned to buy a full- or part-meal. The efficacy of this form of negative punishment to control disturbed and aggressive behaviour was examined. No evidence was found to suggest that the contingent use of a food substitute made any contribution to the therapeutic process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Selected volunteer adolescents in adolescent group therapy.

Twenty-one adolescents had therapy in a group containing three volunteer adolescents over a period of ten months. Fifteen adolescents came to five sessions or more. A description of the group shows how many of the group members model their behavior and attitudes on those of the volunteers. It is suggested that using volunteers is a useful method of initiating and maintaining a group of adolescents.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1992

Adverse behavioral effects in individuals with mental retardation and mood disorders treated with carbamazepine.

The incidence of carbamazepine-associated behavioral side effects in 65 individuals with mental retardation and additional seizure and/or psychiatric or behavioral disorders was evaluated. We identified 6 patients (9.2%) who experienced medication side effects, ranging from irritability to mania. Four of the 20 patients (20%) who received carbamazepine purely for treatment of a behavioral or psychiatric disorder experienced medication side effects, whereas none of the 21 patients treated for an isolated seizure disorder experienced similar effects. This difference was statistically significant, p less than .05. The incidence of behavioral side effects of medication was not associated with age, sex, or serum carbamazepine level. The chemical structure and mechanism of carbamazepine use in various disease processes were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Sibling accounts of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The goal of this research was to generate a description of how siblings in families with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children experienced and lived with this chronic behavioral disorder. Interview and diary data from 11 families (N = 43) were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Data analysis revealed that siblings felt victimized by their ADHD sibling and that their experience of victimization was often minimized or overlooked in the family. Findings suggest that there is a need for increased social and mental health services for all members of the family over the course of the disorder, and that the effects on siblings, in particular, can be potentially quite deleterious to their health and well-being.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1985

Behavior disorders and mental retardation: associations with age, sex, and level of functioning in an outpatient clinic sample.

A survey of 130 mentally retarded children and adults referred to an outpatient mental health clinic is reported. Three categories of behavior problems accounted for a majority of the referrals: schizoid-unresponsive and psychotic disorders, conduct disorder, and anxious-depressed withdrawal disorder. The distribution of referrals among the three categories was examined as a function of level of intellectual functioning, age, and client sex. Comparisons are made with previous surveys of mentally retarded and of nonretarded clinic populations. The implications of the survey results for planning mental health services with mentally retarded individuals are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family health care: with special emphasis on the USA.

Urbanization and specialization has led to fragmentation of health care. Not only has the whole individual hbeen lost sight of, but the family unit has been ignored. Recent attempts to reconstitute primary care or family medicine concepts have often failed because the focus remains primarily upon individual health care. Family health care foxuses upon the family unit as the primary target of health behavior. The family has a "family health estate". As such the family unit is shown to have the capacity to promote health or produce illness among its memebers. A family's health is defined as its capacity to effectively cope with illness events. The family is a mediator of life stress, a defining agency of health and illness events, and a determinant of health care utilization. The physician can fill six roles in family health care: health educator, health counselor, anticipatory guide, recruitor of resources, crisis intervenor and family therapist.

Child↗