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Results for “Sexual Development”

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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Trying to understand why horrible things happen: attribution, shame, and symptom development following sexual abuse.

This study concerns the nature of specific attributions for sexual abuse and their relation to psychological distress over time. Participants (80 children and 57 adolescents) were seen within 8 weeks of discovery of the abuse and 1 year later They described why they believed the abuse happened, rated the extent to which internal and external attributions for the abuse event applied to them, and completed measures of general attribution styleforeveryday events, shame for the abuse, and symptoms of depression, PTSD, and self-esteem. Parents and teachers rated behavior problems. Abuse-specific internal attributions were consistently related to higher levels of psychopathology and were particularly importantforpredicting PTSD symptoms and parent and teacher reports of internalizing behavior problems, even after controlling for age, gender, abuse events, and general attributional style. Shame also was an important predictor of symptom level and mediated the relation between abuse-specific internal attributions and PTSD symptoms.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Sexually dimorphic development of mouse primordial germ cells: switching from oogenesis to spermatogenesis.

During embryogenesis, primordial germ cells (PGCs) have the potential to enter either spermatogenesis or oogenesis. In a female genital ridge, or in a non-gonadal environment, PGCs develop as meiotic oocytes. However, male gonadal somatic cells inhibit PGCs from entering meiosis and direct them to a spermatogenic fate. We have examined the ability of PGCs from male and female embryos to respond to the masculinising environment of the male genital ridge, defining a temporal window during which PGCs retain a bipotential fate. To help understand how PGCs respond to the male gonadal environment, we have identified molecular differences between male PGCs that are committed to spermatogenesis and bipotential female PGCs. Our results suggest that one way in which PGCs respond to this masculinising environment is to synthesise prostaglandin D(2). We show that this signalling molecule can partially masculinise female embryonic gonads in culture, probably by inducing female supporting cells to differentiate into Sertoli cells. In the developing testis, prostaglandin D(2) may act as a paracrine factor to induce Sertoli cell differentiation. Thus part of the response of PGCs to the male gonadal environment is to generate a masculinising feedback loop to ensure male differentiation of the surrounding gonadal somatic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Development of sexual and aggressive behaviors in Hereford bulls.

The purpose of this study was to describe maturation-related changes in the sexual and aggressive behaviors of Hereford bulls. Two groups of 13 and 14 bulls, respectively, were tested for sexual and aggressive behaviors every 3 mo from 3 to 24 mo of age. At 3 and 6 mo of age, the bulls were exposed, as groups, to two estrous females, whereas at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 mo these bulls were tested under each of the following several treatment conditions: 1) individual tests (single males were exposed to single females), 2) small-group tests (three or four bulls:three females), 3) large-group tests (13 or 14 bulls:3 females), and 4) male-only tests (13 or 14 bulls were placed in the test arena in the absence of females). Most bulls consistently mounted females by 9 mo of age. Twenty-one of the 27 bulls (78%) attained their first ejaculation at either 12 or 15 mo of age. The frequency of mounting without ejaculation was greatest in large-group tests at 12 mo of age, and ejaculation frequency peaked at 18 mo. The incidence of male-male mounting in large-group tests (with females) did not appreciably change from 3 to 24 mo, whereas male-male mounting in male-only tests was greatest at 9 and 24 mo. We conclude that sexual performance data obtained in serving capacity tests administered to yearling bulls before 18 mo of age may underestimate the mating potential of certain individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aggression↗
PubMed2004

DNA methylation and male infertility.

Male infertility is one of the biggest concerns of today's health care community. In the US and other developed countries, approximately 70% of infertility among couples is attributed to male reproductive failure. Alterations in reproductive organ development and sperm production have been listed as the major causes of this phenomenon. Sex determination and differentiation, X chromosome inactivation, gene imprinting and normal germ cell development are important biological processes that, in turn, control mammalian reproduction. Specific patterns of gene expression and repression are important in such processes. The strong correlation between DNA methylation, a major epigenetic modification of the genome, and gene expression patterns is well documented. The effects of DNA methylation on the expression of genes affecting male reproductive organ development, spermatogenesis, and male sexual behavior have been reported, suggesting that alterations in DNA methylation could induce abnormal male sexual development and reproductive performance. Inheritance of epigenetic processes and changes in DNA methylation patterns induced by certain diets have been demonstrated in recent years. However, the effects of DNA methylation on male fertility have not been well studied. Since inherited altered DNA methylation patterns could be a cause of increased susceptibility to xenobiotics or abnormal phenotype in future generations, multigenerational studies oriented to determine the effects of xenobiotics affecting DNA methylation in male fertility are recommended.

DNA Methylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Histology and cytology of tergal gland of Leucophaea maderea and its development during sexual maturation of the male].

The tergal gland of the adult male Leucophaea maderea is a tegumentary specialization of the second abdominal segment. This gland is involved in the conditioning of the female to mating. Several types of hypodermal cells may be recognized among which are numerous glandular cells full of gycoproteic granules. Each of these cells is provided with a axial tubular crypt through which passes a cuticular canal collecting the secretion products. All the canals open independently at the surface of the cuticle and the substance deposited there is a mixture of proteins and acid mucosubstances. Morphological differentiation is finished just after the moult, but functional differentiation starts with the histological and cytological restructuring of the epidermis, particularly the elaboration, growth and maturation of numerous granules in the glandular cells. This differentiation which occurs mainly during the first week of imaginal life is in synchronism with sexual maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The development of sexual aggression through the life span: the effect of age on sexual arousal and recidivism among sex offenders.

There is a strong belief in the field that sexual aggression persists unabated into old age. If libido is one of the important determinants of sexual aggression, as has been theorized, and if libido decreases with aging, then it follows that sexual aggression should show similar aging effects. The present study examines the effects of age on sexual arousal and sexual recidivism in sex offenders. In the first study, 1431 sex offenders' erectile responses were measured using volumetric phallometry during presentations of visual and auditory depictions of prepubescent, pubescent, and adult males and females. The maximum degree of arousal was plotted over the age of the offender at the time of the test. Age was a powerful determinant of sexual arousal and a line-of-best-fit indicated that arousal decreased as a reciprocal of the age-at-test. In the second study, 468 sex offenders released into the community were followed for an average period of over five years. The effects of age-at-release were examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves plotted for subjects in different age-at-release cohorts. Results indicated that offenders released at an older age were less likely to recommit sexual offenses and that sexual recidivism decreased as a linear function of age-at-release. Age-related decreases were confirmed while controlling for other risk factors using Cox regression analysis. The implications of reductions in sexual aggression with age are discussed in relation to our understanding of the etiology of sexual aggression and our use of actuarial risk assessments.

Adolescent↗