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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effects of school, family, self-concept, and deviant behaviour on adolescent suicide ideation.

In this study of a population of junior and senior high school students in a mid-sized, Western city, adolescent emotional and ideological disparity with parents and disparity between the importance the adolescent placed on academic achievement and satisfaction with academic achievement were linked to suicide ideation through the intervening variables of self-esteem, purpose in life, and two forms of deviant behaviour--alcohol use and eating disorder. Self-confidence and the deviant behaviours of delinquency and drug use did not prove to be meaningful intervening variables.

Achievement↗
PubMed2001

Body attitude, gender, and self-concept: a 30-year perspective.

Two comparable samples of college men and women from 1966 and 1996 were compared using the Kurtz Body Attitude Scale (BAS; R. M. Kurtz, 1966). As predicted, women in 1996 reported a significantly more negative body attitude than women in 1966 did. No significant differences in the 2 samples of men were found. With the 1996 sample, the relationship between body attitude and self-esteem was also examined using Marsh's Self-Description Questionnaire-III (SDQ-III; H. W. Marsh & R. O'Neill, 1984). There was a significant relationship between body attitude and general self-esteem, and there were also complex gender differences in the relationships of various SDQ-III facets to body attitudes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Function and importance of self-concept ideals in adolescence--illustrated with Anton Reiser].

Adolescents have ideals and idealize. Typical adolescent idealizations are described by Karl Philipp Mortiz in his autobiographical novel "Anton Reiser". Even though the subject matter of the ideals are influenced by the contemporary history of the author, that is the second half of the 18th century, adolescent wishful thoughts and idealizations are described in great detail and commented upon in this "self analysis", so that the phenomena are sighted and can be compared with psychoanalytic constructions of psychic structures such as ideal self, wished-for self and ego ideal. In this context the following questions are also of interest: which functions adolescent idealizations have in the psychic household, how the ego is affected and in which direction the development of the adolescent to a grown-up is influenced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Regulation of self concept in healthy probands, psychosomatic, psychoneurotic and alcoholic patients--a taxonomic research approach].

In this study a taxonomic approach was realized. We used the Narcissism Inventory (NI) as personality test. On base of factor scores 16 ideal typical configurations were constructed. Then we tested the distribution of healthy persons and different groups of patients in relation to these configurations. Our results elucidate, that somatic symptoms of psychosomatic patients and their self definition as "normal" fulfill defensive functions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Depression and self concept of patients with acute viral hepatitis].

As part of a complex multimodal study of the biological, psychological and social situation of patients with acute viral hepatitis, the specific hypothesis that patients with this disease appear to be especially depressive is examined. Two instruments were used to assess variables of depression: the Giessen-Test, a standardized personality questionnaire (Beckmann, Brähler, Richter, 1983) and the idiographic role-repertorygrid (Kelly 1955). Seeing that self-esteem and basic affective state of the hepatitis patients as a whole differed significantly from that of patients with depression, it does not seem justifiable to speak of "the depressive" hepatitis patient. On the contrary, differential investigation discriminates three subgroups of patients with depressed, "normal" and hypomanic mood states. Since the measures of depression used here are quite stable and thus rather "trait" than "state" variables and further, some patients even appear to be hypomanic, the observed depression is not, as discussed in the literature, regarded to be "psychoreactive".

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Cognitive, interpersonal, and behavioral predictors of patients' and spouses' depression.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationship between five theory-based variables and the severity of depression. The variables were self-concept, self and spouse ascribed hostility, spouses' level of depression, and involvement in home activities. METHODS: Based on DSM-IV criteria and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores, 75 wife-depressed couples and 59 husband-depressed couples were included in the study. In addition to the BDI, both spouses completed questionnaires relating to self-concept, self- and spouse ascribed hostility, and involvement in home activities. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses for male and female patients and spouses revealed that in the four groups self-concept was significantly related to the severity of depression. Irrespective of clinical status, involvement in home activities was significantly associated with the severity of depression of women. The relationship between spouse ascribed hostility and the level of depression of both spouses in husband-depressed couples approached significance so did the relationship between patient's and spouse's level of depression in wife-depressed couples. In husband-depressed couples the association between spouses' level of depression reached significance. CONCLUSIONS: The shared and gender-related predictors of severity of depression support an integrative theoretical approach to depression and offer practical implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Functional somatic complaints in adolescents: relationship to negative life events, self-concept, and family characteristics.

While recurrent somatic complaints are commonly encountered in children and adolescents, occult organic disease is rarely found in patients with these complaints. Recent studies have confirmed the clinical impression that a relationship exists between functional somatic complaints and negative life events in adolescents. Our goal was to investigate additional psychosocial characteristics that may be associated with functional complaints. One hundred fifteen adolescents coming for the first time to an adolescent medicine clinic completed standard measures of negative life events, psychophysiologic symptoms, self-esteem, peer social comparison, and family functioning before an independent evaluation by a physician. Patients with functional somatic complaints (chest pain, recurrent abdominal pain, limb pain, and hyperventilation syndrome) reported significantly more negative life events, lower self-esteem, more psychophysiologic symptoms and a lower self-evaluation than did patients coming for physical examination or routine health maintenance. Functional somatic complaints in adolescents may be associated with poor psychosocial adjustment and reaction to negative life events. In addition to ruling out organic disease, physicians dealing with these patients should evaluate other areas, including stressful life events, peer relations, and self-esteem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept.

This theoretical integration of social psychology's main cognitive and affective constructs was shaped by 3 influences: (a) recent widespread interest in automatic and implicit cognition, (b) development of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, & J. L. K. Schwartz. 1998), and (c) social psychology's consistency theories of the 1950s, especially F. Heider's (1958) balance theory. The balanced identity design is introduced as a method to test correlational predictions of the theory. Data obtained with this method revealed that predicted consistency patterns were strongly apparent in the data for implicit (IAT) measures but not in those for parallel explicit (self-report) measures. Two additional not-yet-tested predictions of the theory are described.

Attitude↗