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Results for “RADIATION GENETICS”

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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1963

Reduced incidence of persistent chromosome aberrations in mice irradiated at low dose rates.

A marked difference was observed between the effectiveness of high and low dose rates of ionizing radiation in producing persistent chromosome aberrations in the marrow cells of mice. Clones of cells with chromosome abnormalities were present in the marrow of all the mice previously exposed to single or fractionated doses of x-rays given at a rate of 30 rad/min. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in these mice varied from 14 to 72 percent of the cells exdmined. By contrast, none of the mice exposed to continuous gamma radiation at a low dose rate (1.45 rad/hour) showed definite clones of abnormal marrow cells, and the frequency of persistent chromosome aberrations varied from zero to 8 percent in this group.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of indralin on genetic disruption induced by radiation in mice].

The effect of indralin on frequency of mutations induced by radiation in germ cells, reciprocal translocations, and testicle weight of male mice. The level of protective effect against genetic damage varied depending on the radiation dose and spermatogenesis stage. The values of the defense coefficient ranged from 0.16 to 0.35.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A cytological study of plants growing under exposure to different radiation levels].

Genetically significant consequences of emergency at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant have been studied on wheat and rye plants. Plants grown in the 30-km zone of the plant after its emergency are determined to have high frequency of chromosome aberrations reaching 2.666% in rye and 1.075-2.572% in wheat and 2.235-3.187% as dependent on the variety, biotype (awnless, semi-awned and awned) and places of occurrence. These levels of aberrations are 5.34, 2.42-5.78 and 4.07-6.71 times higher than their frequency in control plants (0.499, 0.444 and 0.475%, respectively).

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Integral estimation of genetic effects of ionizing radiation].

A system of criteria (direct, indirect, extrapolational, integral, populational, evolutional) has been proposed to estimate the consequences of irradiation of flora, fauna and human population. This system makes it possible to obtain the most comprehensive estimate of genetic effects from exposure of live organisms to ionizing radiations. An attempt has been made to use extrapolational approaches for assessing the genetic risk on the basis of the results of cytogenetic examination of the human population in a number of regions exposed to the action of ionizing radiations as a result of the Chernobyl accident, in connection with the activity of the chemical plant Mayak in the Chelyabinsk region, nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, the accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in the U.S.A.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin sensitizes quiescent but not proliferating MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells to radiation.

Recent genetic and biochemical studies indicate that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays an important role in DNA double-strand break (dsb) repair and V(D)J recombination. Since the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs) has high sequence homology with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), we examined the effect of wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI 3-kinase, on the survival of human tumor cells after X-irradiation. The present study demonstrates that wortmannin at 20 microM is an effective radiosensitizer of quiescent (Q), but not proliferating (P) cells. In addition, the rejoining of DNA dsb is significantly inhibited in Q, but not in P cells. Finally, we found that Q cell extracts have approximately five-fold less DNA-PK activity than those of P cells. After a 2 h exposure to wortmannin, the DNA-PK activity of Q cell extracts was considerably lower than that of P cells. This can explain why wortmannin sensitizes Q, but not P cells to radiation.

Androstadienes↗
PubMed1994

Isolation of uvh1, an Arabidopsis mutant hypersensitive to ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation.

A genetic screen for mutants of Arabidopsis that are hypersensitive to UV light was developed and used to isolate a new mutant designated uvh1. UV hypersensitivity in uvh1 was due to a single recessive trait that is probably located on chromosome 3. Although isolated as hypersensitive to an acute exposure to UV-C light, uvh1 was also hypersensitive to UV-B wavelengths, which are present in sunlight that reaches the earth's surface. UV-B damage to both wild-type and uvh1 plants could be significantly reduced by subsequent exposure of UV-irradiated plants to photoreactivating light, showing that photoreactivation of UV-B damage is important for plant viability and that uvh1 plants are not defective in photoreactivation. A new assay for DNA damage, the Dral assay, was developed and used to show that exposure of wild-type and uvh1 plants to a given dose of UV light induces the same amount of damage in chloroplast and nuclear DNA. Thus, uvh1 is not defective in a UV protective mechanism. uvh1 plants were also found to be hypersensitive to ionizing radiation. These results suggest that uvh1 is defective in a repair or tolerance mechanism that normally provides plants with resistance to several types of DNA damage.

Arabidopsis↗