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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Methamphetamine abuse presenting as dysuria following urethral insertion of tablets.

Foreign bodies are inserted into the male urogenital tract for a variety of motives, and patients may present with symptoms of dysuria, urinary retention, hematuria, discharge, or priapism. Concomitant psychopathology is seen frequently, necessitating a thorough psychiatric assessment with attention to other acts of self-mutilation, suicide attempts, psychosis, or substance abuse. We report the case of an abuser of methamphetamine who inserted a sustained-release form of medication into his urethra, with resulting mechanical and pharmacological trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Role of screening tests in rapid testing.

Screening tests have had a major role in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory during recent years. Many factors have contributed to the increased use of these methods. The primary factor is the need for rapid detection and identification of the etiologic agent in life-threatening infections, which include bacterial meningitis, infective endocarditis and septicemia, and pneumonia. Various direct screening methods are also available for eliminating negative specimens rapidly. These methods have had an impact on laboratory work flow and the outpatient population by eliminating the possibility of bacterial infections of the urinary, upper respiratory, and gastrointestinal tracts. Screening methods have also been applied to isolated colonies for the rapid differentiation and identification of certain groups of organisms. Finally, many of these screening methods have contributed to cost-savings for both the laboratory and the patient. In this era of prospective pricing, and until the entrance of biotechnology into the diagnostic microbiology laboratory, the microbiologist must rely upon these rapid, inexpensive screening procedures. The role of these screening tests in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory and their impact on patient care and cost are reviewed herein.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2000

Pyocystis: two case reports of patients in renal failure.

Two cases of pyocystis in patients in end-stage renal disease are reported. Pyocystis is a recognized complication of urinary diversion procedures, but also occurs in anuric or oliguric hemodialysis patients. The treatment differs from ordinary cystitis, requiring catheterization, bladder irrigation, and intravesical antibiotic instillation. When undiagnosed, pyocystis may progress to sepsis and death.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Urinary infections in the elderly: symptomatic of asymptomatic?

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in the elderly, occurring in as many as 25-50% of elderly nursing home residents. Asymptomatic bacteriuria itself should not be treated with antimicrobial therapy. Difficulties in communication, chronic genitourinary symptoms, and the high frequency of positive urine cultures, make ascertainment of symptomatic infection problematic for the functionally impaired elderly. Chronic genitourinary symptoms are not a manifestation of acute urinary infection, although acute deterioration in symptoms may be consistent with infection. Fever in an institutionalized elderly subject with a positive urine culture and without an indwelling catheter is due to urinary infection in less than 10% of episodes. However, there are no criteria to differentiate urinary infection from other sites in this clinical scenario. Thus, neither urine culture nor clinical presentation allows a diagnosis of symptomatic urinary infection to be made with a high level of certainty. Decisions with respect to antimicrobial therapy must be made on an individual basis and with an understanding of these diagnostic limitations. It is not realistic to expect to optimize antimicrobial usage in this population until issues of diagnostic uncertainty are addressed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Urinary infection in children in general practice: a laboratory view.

Children with urinary infection present at first to their general practitioners; paediatricians to whom they may be referred must assess the validity of the bacteriological diagnosis made at that time. With this in mind an analysis has been made of the laboratory findings in 2204 mid-stream urine specimens from 1586 children between the ages of two and 12 years examined at the request of their general practitioners during the course of one year. The contamination rate was shown to be low; 8% of the specimens from boys and 19% of those from girls showed definite infection, and the ratio of infections in boys to girls was 1:4. There was a considerable difference in the infecting organisms in the sexes. Analysis of the reasons for sending the specimens revealed that a high percentage of children who complained of urinary symptoms did not have infection. Of the children complaining of enuresis only there was a significantly greater incidence of infection in girls than in boys. In the absence of any large studies of urinary infection in domiciliary practice, data from a laboratory which serves many practitioners can contribute to knowledge of the disease.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

Unconventional bacteria in urinary tract disease: Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Bladder-aspirate urine samples (N = 428) were cultured for the presence of fastidious microorganisms. These samples were obtained from 190 patients with urinary tract disease or symptoms suggesting infection of the urinary tract in whom standard bacteriologic investigation had failed to indicate bacterial infection. Ureaplasma urealyticum was recovered alone or in association with other microorganisms from the bladder urine of 75% of patients with reflux scarring and abnormal renal function. Ureaplasma organisms were localized to the upper urinary tract in 80% of patients with bladder counts greater than 10(3) colony-forming units per ml. The results indicate that microorganisms not conventionally associated with urinary tract infection are recoverable from the bladder urine of a high percentage of patients with so-called "sterile pyelonephritis," in which group of patients these microorganisms may contribute to progressive renal disease.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Role of ejaculation in the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (NBP) is the most common prostatitis syndrome. Prevention and cure are not possible because the cause of NBP is unknown. However, patients may benefit from supportive measures. The impact of the frequency of ejaculation alone on the course of NBP was evaluated in the present study. METHODS: Thirty-four single male patients who avoided masturbation and extramarital sexual intercourse for personal and/or religious beliefs and who did not respond to a clinical trial of doxycycline hydrochloride therapy (200 mg daily for 4 weeks) directed against mycoplasmas, chlamydiae and ureaplasmas were enrolled in the study. They were encouraged to masturbate regularly at least twice a week and were re-evaluated at the end of a 6 month period, including a complete inquiry regarding their sexual function during this time. Response was assessed by a symptom severity index. RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory re-evaluation could be performed in 28 patients. Of 18 patients who adhered to the recommendations, two (11%) experienced complete relief of symptoms, whereas six (33%) had marked improvement, six had moderate improvement and four (22%) did not benefit. In contrast, three of seven patients who masturbated less frequently reported partial improvement. Three patients who did not ejaculate other than during wet dreams had a worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Young men who are single and suffering from NBP must be informed about their illness in detail and, if they are not doing so, they should be encouraged to ejaculate regularly, for example by masturbation in the absence of a sexual relationship with a partner. We believe that normal sexual activity decreases the incidence of NBP in some cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Cytur-test used in nephrology out-patients (author's transl)].

Assessment of the value of test strips for demonstration of white cells in urine (Cytur-test) in 161 out-patient urine samples showed that a quick method such as the Cytur-test is no substitute for conventional methods. In hospital nephrology out-patients methods such as the Addis count or the investigation of urine sediment cannot be replaced. However, in a preliminary test with test strips information can be obtained as to the white cell content of the urine. Samples from patients in whom Addis count or sediment results showed no pathological leucocyturia, also had negative results in the test strip in a high percentage (84 out of 88 cases). A positive Cytur-test indicates lysed white cells in such cases (4 out of 88 cases). Due to the different sensitivity, as a consequence of a wider negative range, the Cytur-test resulted in fewer positive findings when compared to the other methods: 6 out of 24 in the Addis count and 2 out of 11 in urinary sediment.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1979

Causes of the excessive rates of perinatal mortality and prematurity in pregnancies complicated by maternal urinary-tract infections.

The study was undertaken to determine the causes of the more frequent pre-term deliveries, fetal and neonatal deaths associated with maternal urinary-tract infections during pregnancy. The combined perinatal mortality rate for eight common placental and fetal disorders was 42 per thousand births in the infected vs. 21 per thousand in the noninfected, owing to a greater mortality from noninfectious placental and fetal disorders in the gestations with the urinary-tract infections (P less than 0.001). All the mortality excess took place when the urinary-tract infections occurred within 15 days of delivery. Death rates were highest when the urinary-tract infections coexisted with maternal hypertension and acetonuria.Hydramnios, amniotic-fluid bacterial infections and abruptio placentae were responsible for two thirds of the more frequent preterm deliveries in the pregnancies complicated by urinary-tract infections.

Abruptio Placentae↗