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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Skin pigmentation due to minocycline treatment of facial dermatoses.

Fifty-four patients taking minocycline for acne or rosacea were assessed for adverse effects. Their mean duration of treatment was 17 months, and their average cumulative dose was 47 g. No symptoms attributable to the therapy were reported. Biochemistry and haematology profiles were normal. There was no evidence of an adverse effect on thyroid function. Skin pigmentation was detected in eight patients (14.8%). Five patients had diffuse facial pigmentation, and three patients had localized pigmentation at the site of a scar or injury. Diffuse pigmentation occurred only in patients who had been on treatment for 3 years or more; 50% of such patients were affected. Age and solar damage may also have been factors in this type of pigmentation. Localized pigmentation occurred at sites of previous tissue damage, and was not directly related to the duration of therapy. Patients who receive long-term minocycline therapy should be regularly monitored for the development of pigmentation.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2004

Erythema dyschromicum perstans: response to dapsone therapy.

Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is a rare disorder characterized by asymptomatic, slowly progressive, ash-gray macular pigmentation of the skin, which usually occurs from age 5 years through adult life. Most cases reported to date are of Latin American and Indian patients. Rare cases have been reported from Turkey. No treatment of choice is presently available. Various therapies have been tried, including sun protection, chemical peels, antibiotics, corticosteroids, vitamins, isoniazid, griseofulvin, and chloroquine, without any benefit. Some authors have suggested the therapeutic efficacy of clofazimine and dapsone on EDP. We report a case of EDP that responded remarkably well to treatment with dapsone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Postsclerotherapy hyperpigmentation: a histologic evaluation.

Linear or macular pigmentation occurs in 10-30% of patients following sclerotherapy of vessels between 0.1 and 5 mm in diameter. Its occurrence is related to solution strength, vessel fragility, injection pressure, and the type of solution used. This adverse sequela of treatment has been assumed, by some, to represent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (incontinence of melanin pigment), and has been said to occur in individuals with this tendency. Histologic data presented in this paper suggest that this phenomenon does not represent melanocytic alteration, but is secondary to extravasation of red blood cells into the dermis following rupture of fragile vessels with resulting deposition of hemosiderin. Therapy has included bleaching agents (hydroquinones), trichloroacetic acid, and phenolic peeling agents with variable success. Eighty percent of patients who experience this adverse sequela will clear spontaneously within 6-24 months. The remaining patients will have persistence of pigmentation for up to 5 years, with a small number of patients having pigmentation persisting 5 years after therapy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1962

Skeletal pigmentation due to tetracycline.

Two cases of pigmentation of the skeletal system due to tetracycline are reported. It is suggested that tetracycline may be stored in bone due to a tetracycline hydrochloride calcium phosphate complex after prolonged tetracycline administration, and that tetracycline may be the antibiotic of choice in certain cases of osteomyelitis. Dark pigmentation of the teeth may be due to prolonged tetracycline therapy and may be the only sign of heavy deposition into the skeletal system.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

Pathology and molecular genetics of the pituitary gland in patients with the 'complex of spotty skin pigmentation, myxomas, endocrine overactivity and schwannomas' (Carney complex).

Carney complex (CNC) is a familial multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome with features overlapping those of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) and other multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes like MEN type 1 (MEN 1). Pituitary tumors have been described in a number of patients with CNC; all have been growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL)-producing. In at least some patients, pituitary gland involvement is manifested by hyperplastic areas; hyperplasia appears to involve somatomammotrophs only and to precede GH-producing tumor formation, in a pathway similar to that seen in MAS-related pituitary tumors (and in oncogenesis in other CNC tissues). One patient with CNC and advanced acromegaly had a GH-producing macroadenoma that showed extensive genetic changes at the chromosomal level. These changes appeared to represent secondary or tertiary genetic 'hits' involved in pituitary oncogenesis and were confirmed at the molecular level. So far, almost half of the patients with CNC have germline-inactivating mutations in the PRKAR1A gene; in their pituitary tumors, the normal allele of the PRKAR1A gene is lost. Loss of heterozygosity suggests that PRKAR1A, which codes for the regulatory subunit type 1alpha of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), may act as a tumor-suppressor gene in pituitary tissue. These data provide evidence for a PKA-induced somatomammotroph hyperplasia in the pituitary tissue of CNC patients; hyperplasia leads to additional genetic changes at the somatic level, which in turn cause the formation of adenomas in some, but not all, patients.

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subuni↗
PubMed2000

Mutations in the protein kinase A R1alpha regulatory subunit cause familial cardiac myxomas and Carney complex.

Cardiac myxomas are benign mesenchymal tumors that can present as components of the human autosomal dominant disorder Carney complex. Syndromic cardiac myxomas are associated with spotty pigmentation of the skin and endocrinopathy. Our linkage analysis mapped a Carney complex gene defect to chromosome 17q24. We now demonstrate that the PRKAR1alpha gene encoding the R1alpha regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) maps to this chromosome 17q24 locus. Furthermore, we show that PRKAR1alpha frameshift mutations in three unrelated families result in haploinsufficiency of R1alpha and cause Carney complex. We did not detect any truncated R1alpha protein encoded by mutant PRKAR1alpha. Although cardiac tumorigenesis may require a second somatic mutation, DNA and protein analyses of an atrial myxoma resected from a Carney complex patient with a PRKAR1alpha deletion revealed that the myxoma cells retain both the wild-type and the mutant PRKAR1alpha alleles and that wild-type R1alpha protein is stably expressed. However, in this atrial myxoma, we did observe a reversal of the ratio of R1alpha to R2beta regulatory subunit protein, which may contribute to tumorigenesis. Further investigation will elucidate the cell-specific effects of PRKAR1alpha haploinsufficiency on PKA activity and the role of PKA in cardiac growth and differentiation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Hypomelanosis of Ito: association with a chromosomal abnormality.

We report the clinical and neuroradiologic findings and the association of a chromosome abnormality, t(2,8), with a case of hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinentia pigmenti achromians). Chromosome anomalies have not been previously recognized in this genetically determined, neurocutaneous disorder.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1996

Involvement of the white matter in hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinentia pigmenti achromiens).

We report our clinical and neuroradiologic findings in 13 patients affected by hypomelanosis of Ito. Seven patients were boys and six were girls; their ages ranged from 11 months to 16 years. Neurologic signs were present in all but two cases, and they consisted of language disabilities, seizures, hypotonia, mental retardation, and autistic behavior. MRI was performed in all patients. We observed anomalies of the white matter in seven of the 13 patients; all but one of these seven had neurologic signs that included seizures, hypotonia, language disabilities, and mental retardation. The abnormal signals in the white matter were mostly located in the parietal periventricular and subcortical regions of both hemispheres. Moreover, we found asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres in one of our 13 patients and atrophy of the cerebellar vermis in another patient, with no involvement of the white matter in either. In the remaining four of the 13 patients results of MRI appeared normal. There was a relationship between the anomalies in the central nervous system at MRI, as a whole, and the neurologic manifestations, even though two patients with apparently normal images on MRI had partial and generalized tonic clonic seizures, respectively. A correlation was also found between white matter anomalies and neurologic signs; extended and deep changes in white matter images were associated with more severe neurologic abnormalities and delayed language milestones appeared to be a constant finding in this group of patients. These anomalies of the white matter, which did not progress over time, resembled those seen in other neurocutaneous syndromes. The hypothesis is presented that underlying disarray of cortical lamination or neuronal loss with subsequent wallerian degeneration and altered or delayed myelination could be the cause of the abnormal findings on MRI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Hypomelanosis of Ito: report of one case (author's transl)].

A case of hypomelanosis of Ito in a 22-month-old North African girl is reported. The family history is negative for skin disease. Whorls of depigmentation are present on the trunk and abdomen. Associated defects include: growth retardation, microcephaly, strabismus, bilateral epicanthus, myopia, hypertelorism and abnormalities of external ear. Associated non-cutaneous abnormalities documented in patients with hypomelanosis of Ito are reviewed.

Child, Preschool↗