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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effect of vermicomposting process on metal content of paper mill solid waste.

In the present study the change in metal content on vermicomposting of paper mill solid waste was studied. On vermicomposting, quantity of iron, zinc and chromium found to be increased whereas quantity of aluminium, copper, manganese, nickel and lead found comparatively low. The bioaccumulation of any metal was not observed in the body of the earthworm, hence after vermicomposting, there is no harm to fishes to utilize earthworm biomass as their food. The metal content in the vermicompost prepared from the paper mill solid waste was well within the permissive limits and can therefore be safely applied in an aquaculture, agriculture and other food production systems.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

[Cloning and identification of cellulase genes from uncultured microorganisms in pulp sediments from paper mill effluent].

The metagenomic DNA of pulp sediments from paper mill effluent was extracted and purified. The 16S rDNA was amplified using the purified metagenomic DNA as template and a 16S rDNA library was prepared. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clones showed that diverse of uncultured bacteria inhabit in this environment, which can be classified into 4 clusters as Spirochaetes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. A metagenomic library containing 10000 clones was constructed into cosmid vector, and the capacity of inserted DNA of which was 3.53 x 10(8) bp. Functional screening of the library resulted in isolation of two independent clones expressing endoglucanase activity, three independent clones expressing exoglucanase activity and two independent clones expressing beta-glucosidase activity. One clone expressing strongest enzyme activity from each activity category was chosen to be further analyzed. Three novel cellulase genes designated as umcel5L, umcel5M and umbgl3D were identified by subcloning, sequencing and expression. The umcel5L encodes an endoglucanase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 5, which is most related to an endoglucanase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum at 43% identity and 59% similarity. The umcel5M encodes a cellodextrinase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 5, which is most similar to a cellodextrinase from Fibrobacter succinogenes at 48% identity and 69% similarity. The umbgl3D encodes a putative beta-glucosidase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 3, which shares highest homology with a beta-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima at 46% identity and 61% similarity. It is the first time to reveal the bacterial diversity of pulp sediments from paper mill effluent and clone novel cellulase genes from the bacteria by culture-independent method.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Paper chromatographic estimation of fructose and myo-inositol in human seminal fluid: a method for evaluating seminal vesicle and prostatic function.

A semiquantitative paper chromatographic method for the separation of myo-inositol and fructose in human seminal fluid was described. The intensity of the chromatographic zones characteristic of myo-inositol, which is a marker for human prostatic secretion and for fructose, which is useful in evaluating seminal vesicle function, were estimated after staining with an alkaline silver nitrate reagent. Characteristic patterns were found for patients with prostatic or vesicular dysfunction, and for patients with agenesis or blockage of the vas deferens. Paper chromatographic analysis of split ejaculate samples allowed evaluation of the sequence of ejaculation of the prostate and seminal vesicles.

Chromatography, Paper↗
PubMed1990

Study of the sensitivity of blood spotted on filter paper in the detection of HBsAg and anticore using ELISA technique.

The sensitivity of the filter paper method was compared with that of whole serum in the detection of HBsAg and antic using ELISA technique. It was found that analysis of eluates of blood spotted on filter paper should be recommended in field surveys and of HBsAg screening prior to an immunization campaign. On the other hand, in the detection of anti HBc the eluted technique is less sensitive and should not be performed if accurate epidemiological data are to be collected.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1987

Solid-phase methods for sequencing nucleic acids. VII. Chemical degradation of synthetic DNA-RNA hybrid fragments using CCS and DE 81 anion-exchange papers.

Synthetic oligo(ribo-deoxyribo)nucleotides were analyzed and characterized by different solid-phase chemical degradation procedures, 5'- and 3'-end labelled mixed fragments were degraded by a slightly modified DNA cleavage procedure using 1 and 10% piperidine for the chain scission reaction and CCS anion-exchange paper. Besides the normal degradation products obtained by the usual modification and strand cleavage reactions of both deoxy- and ribonucleotide residues, additional bands were identified in the sequence patterns resulting from the hydrolysis of the RNA moiety induced by piperidine. Since both degradation reactions cleave the backbone of the mixed DNA-RNA fragments differently and produce nucleotide components with different charges, the degradation products do not interfere and can be resolved by gel electrophoresis on polyacrylamide. In addition, 3'-end labelled DNA-RNA oligomers were degraded by a RNA cleavage procedure using DE 81 anion-exchange paper as solid support. The combination of all three degradation methods allows to confirm the nucleotide sequence.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemical derivatization analysis of phenols. Part VI. Determination of chlorinated phenolics in pulp and paper effluents.

Based on the in-situ acetylation procedure, a method for the determination of 31 chlorinated phenols, guaiacols, catechols, syringols, and vanillins in pulp and paper effluent samples has been successfully developed. Except for 4-chlorocatechol, this procedure provided satisfactory recovery for all phenols at 3 levels of fortification, namely, 400, 40, and 4 micrograms/L. The acetyl derivatives were analyzed by gas chromatography using a 30 m DB-5 capillary column interfaced to an electron-capture detector. Mass spectral abundance data for the characteristic ions of the acetyl derivatives were used for confirmation of compound identities. By operating a mass selective detector in the selected ion monitoring mode, this procedure was further extended to the monochlorinated phenolics. Using a 50 mL effluent sample, the method detection limit was 0.5 micrograms/L for all except the monochlorinated compounds, which had a detection limit of 1 microgram/L. Several effluent samples from a Canadian paper mill were analyzed by this procedure and the results are presented.

Chlorophenols↗
PubMed1979

Manual fluorometry of phenylalanine from blood specimens collected on filter paper: a modified procedure.

In this manual fluorometric method, blood samples are used that have been impregnated on the filter paper, a convenient collection technique that is widely used to screen newborns for phenylketonuria. The modified procedure, based on the method of McCaman and Robins [J. Lab Clin. Med. 59, 885 (1962)], includes elution of phenylalanine from specimens on filter paper, removal of proteins by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid at 0 degrees C, and then reaction with ninhydrin-peptide reagent for color development. The standard curve is linear to at least 200 mg/L and the CV is 6.3% for a phenylalanine concentration of 27 mg/L. The modified procedure is suitable both for early screening for phenylketonuria and for monitoring blood phenylalanine of phenylketonurics during dietary therapy.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of the Keystone Diagnostic Quik Test. A paper chromatography test for drugs of abuse in urine.

The Keystone Diagnostic Inc (KDI) Quik Test is advertised to be an on-site, rapid, broad-spectrum paper chromatography test that is marketed for use in industry, drug abuse treatment facilities, and physician's offices. Even when unskilled individuals perform the test, five drugs of abuse, excluding marijuana, are said by the manufacturer to be reliably detected. In this study, ten confirmed drug-free urine specimens and 56 specimens positive by an immunoassay screening test, and confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, for cocaine (n = 32), phencyclidine (n = 12), or opiate drugs (n = 12), were reanalyzed by the KDI Quik Test. The sensitivity of the KDI Quik Test was 62.5%, specificity was 70%, predictive value of a negative test was 36%, and efficiency was 64%. In too many instances the KDI Quik Test did not detect the drugs for which it is intended. Paper chromatography tests such as the KDI Quik Test are inaccurate and as such are unacceptable in any setting for the purposes of screening for drugs of abuse.

Chromatography, Paper↗
PubMed1989

[Quantitative measurement of sulcus fluid with new self-coloring paper indicator strips: a comparison with Periotron].

Quantitative measurements of gingival crevicular fluid are used to examine gingival inflammation. In order to simplify such measurements we evaluated for the first time testing papers with chemically bound pH indicators. The height of the fluid can be seen instantly as a color change. Calibration curves showed a rise in linear proportional increments in the magnitude of 1 mm per 0.1 microliters. To evaluate this method, we made a comparative study using 26 patients and Periotron ratings. Both methods can be regarded as congruent. Using the color-indicator paper is a methodological advantage, as measurements can be taken without the need of further devices, chemical substances or procedures.

Color↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Localization by paper blotting technique of electrophoretic fractions on starch gel. Application to alpha 1 - antitrypsin (author's transl)].

The authors describe a paper blotting technique to reveal starch electrophoresis. After 3 minutes of contact between the paper band and the starch gel the former can be either dried during 5' at 90 degrees C then stained with nigrosine or sliced and revealed by an immunserum. This quick technique has been successfully applied to alpha-1-antitrypsin; on the one side phenotypes can be identified 24 hours earlier than with staining method using amido black 10 B and on the other side quality control of the fractionning can be done before the second stage of the Laurell type two-dimension separation.

Electrophoresis, Starch Gel↗
PubMed1988

Simultaneous quantification by double rocket immunoelectrophoresis of apolipoproteins A-I and B in blood spotted on filter paper.

We describe double rocket immunoelectrophoresis for simultaneous quantification of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and B (apo B) in blood on filter paper. The apolipoproteins from blood spots on filter paper were eluted with detergents (sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100). The eluates were subjected to electrophoresis on agarose gel containing antisera against both apolipoproteins. Within- and between-assay CVs for apo B/A-I ratios were less than 5.5% and 7.2%, respectively. The apo B/A-I ratio was influenced by length and temperature of storage. In results for 121 venous blood samples, the apo B/A-I ratios in dried blood spots correlated well with those in serum (r = 0.92) and correlated somewhat with the ratios for low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum (r = 0.87). Of these specimens, 68 were from patients with known familial hypercholesterolemia, all of whom had an apo B/A-I ratio greater than 0.90. We think this method will be of value for detecting familial hypercholesterolemia and possibly familial hyperapobeta- and hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Capillary blood, dried on filter paper, as sample for monitoring cyclosporin A concentrations.

For monitoring the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A by radioimmunoassay (Sandoz Ltd.) we propose a simple method of sampling in which 20 microL of capillary blood is dried on filter paper. Patients can collect their own samples and mail or bring them to the laboratory. Results for such samples, and their variability, correspond to those for conventional methods of sampling (collection of venous or capillary blood into buffer). Capillary blood can be stored on paper at room temperature for more than four weeks with no effect on assay results.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Simple liquid-chromatographic measurement of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in urine on filter paper for mass screening of neuroblastoma in infants.

We describe a simple and rapid method for measuring catecholamine metabolites in urine collected on filter paper. By this method, "high-performance" liquid chromatography, urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid can be measured within 15 min after being eluted from filter paper treated with tartrate buffer. One hundred urine samples can be pretreated within 2 h and 100-120 samples analyzed at 18-min intervals overnight in two chromatographic systems. Moreover, urinary creatinine also can be measured rapidly because of the use of microtiter plates. We applied this method in a mass screening program for early detection of neuroblastoma in infants. Between April 1986 and March 1987, two patients with neuroblastoma were detected. In all, neuroblastoma has been detected in 17 of 88,887 infants so examined since April 1981.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Metabolic profiles of urinary organic acids recovered from absorbent filter paper.

We evaluated for reliability and reproducibility a semiquantitative gas-chromatographic assay of organic acids in samples of normal urine recovered from absorbent filter paper. We also evaluated this method for use in diagnosis of some of the more common organic acidurias. Transfer of urine from diapers to absorbent filter paper eases the usual trauma of specimen collection from young children; it also simplifies sample storage and shipment.

Carboxylic Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of filter-paper-eluted whole blood with serum in fowl cholera serology using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Two methods for collecting blood for measuring antibody activity of Pasteurella multocida were compared. Whole blood was collected on filter-paper strips, dried for 48 hr at room temperature, and then stored in sealed plastic bags at 4 C. Blood was also collected in the usual manner with a needle and syringe, and serum was harvested and stored at -20 C until tested. Eluates of whole blood, obtained by overnight elution of two 4.8-mm discs in 200 microliters of buffered saline at 4 C, were compared with conventionally harvested serum for antibody activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Paired samples, taken from the same bird at the same time, showed no significant difference (P less than 0.05) in antibody activity as measured by absorbance when the disc-elution process itself was considered to be a 1:20 dilution. It was concluded that eluates of blood, derived from whole blood dried on filter-paper strips, may be used as an alternative to sera in ELISA for measuring P. multocida antibody activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Solid-phase methods for sequencing nucleic acids. III. Simultaneous sequencing of different long RNA fragments using DE 81 anion-exchange paper.

A solid-phase method for simultaneous sequencing of different long RNA fragments has been developed using Whatman DE 81 anion-exchange paper as the support. The approach involves 8 operations including: immobilization of heat-denatured 3'-end labeled RNA fragment on DE 81 paper; washing; modification reactions; washing; aniline reaction; washing; RNA desorption by salt and ethanol precipitation. For modifying the RNA, the following reactions were selected for the routine: G with dimethylsulfate at 90 degrees C/sodium borohydride at 0 degrees C, A + G with diethylpyrocarbonate at 90 degrees C, U + C with hydrazine at 0 degrees C and C with hydrazine/5M NaCl at 0 degrees C. The losses of RNA material during the reactions with large excess of reactants were 50% during the reduction with NaBH4 and 30% during C-reaction. Almost no losses were observed during aniline reaction. The RNA could be recovered by desorption with 2M NaClO4 in 50-70% yield. The whole solid-phase procedure up to the sequencing gel takes about 2 hours and is much faster and more convenient than chemical RNA sequencing in solution according to Peattie, especially if many fragments are to be processed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of the ion exchange capacity of chromatography papers.

Bichromatic absorbance measurements on RNA-impregnated paper disks may be applied to the ultramicroanalytic evaluation of the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of different chromatography papers. A newly defined absorbance parameter and the curves of its variation in terms of IEC are used to this purpose.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1983

Phototypesetting paper as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis in newspaper production workers.

Tertiary butyl catechol (TBC), an antioxidant in phototypesetting paper, caused allergic contact dermatitis in several newspaper production workers. Five of eight tested workers had strong positive tests to the paper and to 0.1 percent TBC. Only one had subsequent hypopigmentation. The newspaper agency where they work now uses a product which contains no TBC. Sensitized workers have remained free of dermatitis unless exposed to advertising copy from outside sources.

Antioxidants↗