Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PLASMALOGEN”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The temperature dependence of the respiration and phospholipid content of the mitochondria in the organs of heat-adapted rats].

A shift of breaking point to higher temperatures was illustrated on Arrhenius plots in kidney, liver and heart mitochondria of heat-adapted rats on 4.1, 2.7, 2.4 degrees C respectively. Q10 mitochondrion respiration fall in adapted animals in a range of 26-36 degrees C was indicative of temperature compensation. It was shown the elevation of phospholipid plasmalogen form content in heart and kidney mitochondria; as well as saturated fatty acids content in liver mitochondria. Structure and function changes were suggested to be the basic point of elevation of mitochondrion functional ability at high ambient temperature.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Purification and characterization of canine myocardial cytosolic phospholipase A2. A calcium-independent phospholipase with absolute f1-2 regiospecificity for diradyl glycerophospholipids.

Recently, we identified a novel calcium-independent, plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 activity in canine myocardial cytosol which represents the major measurable phospholipase A2 activity in myocardial homogenates (Wolf, R. A., and Gross, R. W. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7295-7303). We now report the 154,000-fold purification of this phospholipase A2 to homogeneity through utilization of sequential anion exchange, chromatofocusing, affinity, Mono Q, and hydroxylapatite chromatographies. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 40 kDa, possessed a specific activity of 227 mumol/mg min, had a pH optimum of 6.4, and catalyzed the regiospecific cleavage of the sn-2 fatty acid from diradyl glycerophospholipids. The purified polypeptide was remarkable for its ability to selectively hydrolyze plasmenylcholine in homogeneous vesicles (subclass rank order: plasmenylcholine greater than alkyl-ether choline glycerophospholipid greater than phosphatidylcholine) as well as in mixed bilayers comprised of equimolar plasmenylcholine/phosphatidylcholine. Purified myocardial phospholipase A2 also possessed selectivity for hydrolysis of phospholipids containing arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position in comparison to oleic or palmitic acid. Taken together, these results constitute the first purification of a calcium-independent phospholipase with absolute regiospecificity for cleavage of the sn-2 acyl linkage in diradyl glycerophospholipids and demonstrate that myocardial phospholipase A2 has kinetic characteristics which are anticipated to result in the selective hydrolysis of sarcolemmal phospholipids during myocardial ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lipid metabolism and low molecular weight solute uptake in Ascaridia galli.

Adult Ascaridia galli, an intestinal nematode parasite of fowl, reveals a large variety of complex lipids such as phospholipids containing choline, ethanolamine, inositol, serine and glycerol. Lysophospholipid species, vinyl ether phospholipid (plasmalogen), neutral acylglycerols, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids are also present. Sugar-containing lipids, such as cerebrosides, sulphatides and gangliosides are abundantly present. Female parasites contain more lipids, particularly acylglycerols and phospholipids. Acylglycerols, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and glycolipids incorporate a large amount of radiolabelled precursor substrate in A. galli. The presence of important enzymes of lipid biosynthesis like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase as well as an enzyme of lipid ester hydrolysis, triacylglycerol lipase is detected in the parasite. These enzymes show subcellular distribution patterns and Michaelis-Menten kinetic characteristics comparable with that from rat liver homogenate. Studies on the uptake of labelled precursor molecules for lipid biosynthesis, glucose, acetate and palmitate show that the parasites can take up the isotopes readily in a time-dependent manner, showing substrate saturation kinetics, dependence upon Na ions, and can be inhibited by the presence of the bile salts sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate. The substrate affinity constant (Kt) and maximum apparent velocity of glucose uptake in A. galli were found to be 9.09 mM and 26.67 mM per 100 mg tissue dry weight per min at 37 degrees C.

Acetates↗
PubMed1989

Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in peroxisome biogenesis. Comparison to Zellweger syndrome.

We have previously reported the isolation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants that are defective in the biosynthesis of plasmalogens, deficient in at least two peroxisomal enzymes (dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) acyltransferase and alkyl-DHAP synthase), and in which catalase is not found within peroxisomes (Zoeller, R. A., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 5170). We now provide further evidence that three such strains are more generally defective in peroxisome biogenesis. Electron microscopic cytochemistry revealed that the mutants did not contain recognizable peroxisomes. However, immunofluorescence microscopy using an antibody directed against peroxisomal integral membrane proteins revealed the presence of peroxisomal membrane ghosts resembling those seen in cells of patients suffering from one of the human peroxisomal disorders, Zellweger syndrome. Immunoblot analyses, using antibodies specific for peroxisomal matrix proteins, demonstrated deficiencies of peroxisomal proteins in the mutant CHO cells that were similar to those in Zellweger syndrome. Fusion of a CHO mutant with fibroblasts obtained from Zellweger patients resulted in restoration of peroxisomal dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase and peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidation activities. The hybrid cells also regained the ability to synthesize plasmenylethanolamine. Moreover, normal peroxisomes were seen by immunofluorescence in the hybrid cells. These results indicate that the hybrid cells have recovered the ability to assemble peroxisomes and that, although the mutant CHO cells are biochemically and morphologically very similar to cells from patients with Zellweger syndrome, the genetic lesions are distinct. Our somatic cell mutants should be useful in identifying factors and genes involved in peroxisome biogenesis and may aid the genetic categorization of the various peroxisomal disorders.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1988

Dietary marine lipids after the course of autoimmune disease.

Dietary marine lipids reduce both mortality and the severity of glomerulonephritis in inbred murine strains which develop spontaneous autoimmune disease. The protective effects of marine lipids appears to be accounted for by the major n-3 fatty acids in these preparations, 20:5 and 22:6. The n-3 fatty acids in dietary fish oil are extensively incorporated into several lipid classes in the spleen of autoimmune mice, including phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogens and saturated ether-linked phospholipids as well as diacylphosphoglycerides. The effects of dietary marine lipids on autoimmune disease in experimental models are highly specific. Careful controlled trials will be required to establish the role of dietary marine lipids in the therapy of human autoimmune disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Multiple peroxisomal enzymatic deficiency disorders. A comparative biochemical and morphologic study of Zellweger cerebrohepatorenal syndrome and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

Biologic, morphologic, and biochemical investigations performed in 2 patients demonstrate multiple peroxisomal deficiencies in the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger (CHRS) and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD). Very long chain fatty acids, abnormal bile acids, including bile acid precursors (di- and trihydroxycoprostanoic acids), and C29-dicarboxylic acid accumulated in plasma in both patients. Generalized hyperaminoaciduria was also present. Peroxisomes could not be detected in CHRS liver and kidney; however, in the NALD patient, small and sparse cytoplasmic bodies resembling altered peroxisomes were found in hepatocytes. Hepatocellular and Kupffer cell lysosomes were engorged with ferritin and contained clefts and trilaminar structures believed to represent very long chain fatty acids. Enzymatic deficiencies reflected the peroxisomal defects. Hepatic glycolate oxidase and palmitoyl-CoA oxidase activities were deficient. No particle-bound catalase was found in cultured fibroblasts, and ether glycerolipid (plasmalogen) biosynthesis was markedly reduced. Administration of phenobarbital and clofibrate, an agent that induces peroxisomal proliferation and enzymatic activities, to the NALD patient did not bring about any changes in plasma metabolites, liver peroxisome population, or oxidizing activities.

Acatalasia↗
PubMed1989

Phorbol ester stimulates the hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine in leukemic HL-60, NIH 3T3, and baby hamster kidney cells.

Treatment of leukemic HL-60, NIH 3T3, and baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells, prelabeled with [2-14C]ethanolamine, with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent activator of protein kinase C, resulted in increased degradation of both 14C-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine and its alkenyl (plasmalogen) derivate. A half-maximal and a maximal (approximately 3.4-fold) stimulation of ethanolamine phospholipid degradation required 3 and 10-20 nM TPA, respectively. TPA had a similar concentration-dependent stimulatory effect on the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine in cells previously prelabeled with [methyl-14C]choline. Increased phospholipid degradation was not accompanied by the formation of lysophosphatidylethanolamine, indicating that a phospholipase A-type enzyme was not involved. About 80% of total water-soluble degradation products was ethanolamine, suggesting that phospholipid hydrolysis was catalyzed by a phospholipase D-type enzyme. Increased formation of ethanolamine with exposure of cells to TPA was observed only after a 10-min lag period. Mezerein, bryostatin, sn-1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol, and polymyxin B, all of which mimic the action of TPA on protein phosphorylation in vivo, also stimulated the hydrolysis of ethanolamine phospholipids in HL-60 cells, suggesting that the TPA effect was mediated by protein kinase C.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Phospholipid content in the compact and spongious musculature of the carp heart (Cyprinus carpio).

The phospholipid content of the spongious and compact musculature of the heart of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) was compared. The content of phospholipids is higher in the spongious musculature, the greatest difference being in the content of diphosphatidylglycerol: 2.53 mumol P . g-1 wet weight in the spongious layer and 1.29 mumol P . g-1 wet weight in the compact one. In both tissues plasmalogens represent 20-27% of the tissue content of choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The fatty acid composition of glycerolipids in nerve, brain, and other tissues of the streptozotocin diabetic rat.

The fatty acid composition of individual glycerolipids in brain and sciatic nerve of rats made diabetic with streptozotocin and sacrificed 8 weeks later was determined and compared to the alterations that occurred in liver and kidney glycerolipids. A substantial decrease in the proportion of arachidonic acid and increases in the relative content of linoleic and docosahexenoic (22:6n3) acids occurred in the phosphoglycerides of visceral tissues from diabetic animals as reported by others. In contrast, except for a small rise in the percentage of linoleic acid, no consistent changes in fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, ethanolamine plasmalogen, phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylserine from brain or nerve were detected. The fatty acids of triacylglycerol associated with nerve exhibited alterations similar to those characteristic of liver. The differences which developed as a result of diabetes were completely prevented if animals were maintained continuously on insulin commencing shortly after administration of streptozotocin. It is concluded that the fatty acid composition of brain and nerve phosphoglycerides are unusually resistant to alteration in the diabetic animal and that consequently, changes in bulk membrane fluidity are unlikely to contribute to functional abnormalities displayed by diabetic peripheral nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Remodeling of arachidonate-containing phosphoglycerides within the human neutrophil.

Initial incorporation and subsequent remodeling of 16 phosphoglyceride molecular species containing arachidonate in the human neutrophil have been studied. Neutrophils were pulse-labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) for 5 min, then phospholipids were analyzed either at this time point or after a subsequent 120-min incubation. [3H]AA was found to be incorporated into phosphoglycerides phosphatidylinositol (PI) greater than phosphatidylcholine (PC) greater than phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by 5 min. Incorporation of [3H]AA was not related to pool size, but reflected an increase in phosphoglyceride turnover. Following the 120-min incubation, only PE gained a significant amount of labeled arachidonate. Specific activity analysis revealed that PI contained the highest labeled/unlabeled ratio at both 5 min and 120 min. After the initial 5-min pulse, the majority of [3H]arachidonate was incorporated into 1-acyl-2-[3H]arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC, -PE, and -PI showing no preference for fatty acyl chains at the sn-1 position. However, [3H]AA was remodeled into 1-alkyl-acyl-and 1-alk-1-enyl-acyl-sn-glycero-3-PC and -PE molecular species in those neutrophils incubated for the additional 120 min. Specific activities of [3H]AA within all diacyl molecular species were initially higher relative to those alkyl-acyl and alk-1-enyl-acyl molecular species, but for PC and PE became more uniform as label shifted into ether and plasmalogen pools during the additional 120-min incubation. In contrast, the specific activity of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PI remained constant throughout the 120-min incubation.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Fatty acid composition of HL-60 cells is modified upon proliferation arrest and differentiation.

The human leukemic cell line HL-60 undergoes differentiation to granulocytic-like cells in response to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or retinoic acid (RA). This differentiation is accompanied by an arrest in cell proliferation. Studies have implicated alterations in the phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition as a result of HL-60 differentiation. However, changes in FA's are also known to occur during the arrest of cellular proliferation. Using a highly efficient capillary gas-liquid chromatography technique, the phospholipid FA composition of HL-60 and of DMSO-resistant and RA-resistant HL-60 subclones was determined in proliferating cells, in density-arrested cells, and in terminally differentiated cells. The same specific modifications in some of the FAs of the three cell lines were observed when proliferation was inhibited by cell density; 16:0 and 18:2n-6 were decreased and 22:6n-3 increased. Moreover, 16 and 18 dimetylacetals were both increased when proliferation was decreased, indicating modifications in plasmalogen contents. Granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells and of its subclones with DMSO and/or RA provoked modifications in phospholipid FAs different from that found in density-arrested, undifferentiated cells such as decreases in monoenoic FAs of 16 and 18 carbons as well as an increase in arachidonic acid, the major polyunsaturated FA. The biological significance of these changes upon arrest of proliferation and differentiation are discussed. These results indicate that, when arrest of proliferation accompanies differentiation, these two phenomena can be responsible for different changes and, whenever possible, they have to be considered separately in order to know which modifications are effectively due to differentiation itself.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biologically active metabolites of membrane glycerophospholipids in normal conditions and in pathologic states].

The data on biological role of numerous phospholipid metabolites, main part of which is localized in cell membranes, are reviewed. Many of these metabolites are related to slowly reacting substances of anaphylaxis and participate in allergic and inflammatory reactions. Conditions of biosynthesis of phospholipid active metabolites are characterized in the reactions of lipid peroxidation, N-acetylation, formation of Shiff bases, enaminales via transacetylation, by the action of phospholipases, lipooxygenase, cyclooxygenase, by formation of plasmalogens, phosphomonolipids, phospholipid diols. Role of individual phospholipid metabolites in normal and pathological states is discussed.

Acylation↗
PubMed1988

Deposition and transfer of axonally transported phospholipids in rat sciatic nerve.

Radioactive glycerol, ethanolamine, or choline injected into the vicinity of the cell bodies of rat sciatic nerve sensory fibers is incorporated into phospholipid. Some newly synthesized ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides are subsequently committed to transport down the sciatic nerve axons at a rate of several hundred millimeters per day. Most labeled choline phosphoglycerides move uniformly down the axons; in contrast, the crest of moving ethanolamine phosphoglycerides is continually attenuated. These data, as well as differences in the clearance of these phospholipids distal to a nerve ligature, suggest that various classes of labeled phospholipids are differentially unloaded from the transport vector (possibly by exchange with unlabeled lipid in stationary axonal structures) during movement down the axons. The extent of unloading appears to be defined by the base moiety; both diacyl and plasmalogen species of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides exchange extensively with stationary axonal lipids, while most choline phosphoglycerides continue down the axons. Autoradiographic studies with 3H-choline and 3H-ethanolamine demonstrated that most unloaded phospholipid is initially deposited in axonal structures; some of this unloaded lipid is subsequently transferred to the axon/myelin interface (axolemma?) and then to myelin. Although transported ethanolamine phosphoglycerides exchange more extensively with lipids in stationary axonal structures than do choline phosphoglycerides, at early times more label from 3H-choline is found in myelin. A model to resolve this seeming discrepancy is proposed, wherein a differential topographic localization of phospholipid classes in the membrane of the transport vector allows for a preferential extensive exchange of transported ethanolamine phosphoglycerides with lipids in stationary axonal structures, while choline phosphoglycerides become available for rapid transfer to myelin by a process involving vesicle fusion with axolemma.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Differences in neuronal lipid composition between superior cervical ganglia and nodose ganglia of the rat.

The lipid content and composition of rat superior cervical ganglia containing sympathetic motor neurons and nodose ganglia containing parasympathetic sensory neurons were studied for the first time to elucidate the mechanism of the different effects of exogenous gangliosides on these neurons in the culture medium. The ganglioside content of the superior cervical ganglia was almost 3-times that of the nodose ganglia. Although both ganglia contained GM3, GD3, GD1b and GT1b as major gangliosides, the nodose ganglia additionally contained a significant amount of sialosyllactoneotetraosylceramide LM1 (10% of total sialic acids). Contrasting with nodose ganglia, vagus fiber and dorsal root ganglia of rats, superior cervical ganglia had a higher content of sulfatide than galactosylceramide. The phospholipid content was lower in superior cervical ganglia than in nodose ganglia. Superior cervical ganglia contained less ethanolamine plasmalogen and more phosphatidylcholine than nodose ganglia. Sphingomyelin in superior cervical ganglia contained mainly medium-chain fatty acids, while that in nodose ganglia contained mainly longer-chain fatty acids. Differences in the fatty acid composition of glycerophospholipids were also observed. The results indicate that the properties of neuronal cell membranes from superior cervical ganglia and nodose ganglia are quite different, and that the differences may reflect the physiological roles of these ganglia.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

High resolution 31P NMR of extracted phospholipids.

The common phospholipids from biological sources were quantitated using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in conjunction with an analytical reagent composed of two parts: 1) 2 ml of reagent chloroform in which was dissolved 0.01-100 mg of crude tissue lipid extracted from tissue sources using chloroform-methanol 2:1, the extract having been washed with 0.2 vol. of 0.1 M KCl; 2) 1 ml of an aqueous methanol reagent composed of one part 0.2 M (ethylenedinitrilo)-tetraacetic acid in D2O titrated to pH 6 with CsOH and four parts of reagent methanol. In a magnetic field of 11.75 Tesla, the extracted phospholipids yield narrow signals (1.8-3.2 Hz at half-height), corresponding to each generic species, e.g., phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, etc., permitting resolution among the various phospholipid families and their lyso and plasmalogen derivatives. The reagent permits assays of high precision and accuracy using a modest amount of NMR spectrometer time (ca. 15 min/assay). The procedures described, which are compared to high-performance liquid chromatography, are convenient for the routine analysis of phospholipids from biological sources.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[The contribution of peroxisomes to lipid metabolism].

Peroxisomes are ubiquitous subcellular organelles. They contain catalase and hydrogen peroxide-producing oxidases like fatty acyl-CoA oxidase. The latter enzyme is part of a special fatty acid beta-oxidation system which shortens long-chain fatty acids. The middle-chain acids formed are subsequently degraded by mitochondria. The capacity to remove very long fatty acids and trans-unsaturated acids found in hydrogenated oils is restricted to peroxisomes. Essentially, the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system is not constitutive but inducible by certain hypolipidaemic compounds which are distinguished by their capacity to lead to proliferation of peroxisomes. Thyroid hormones as well as prolonged exposure to cold and high fat diets, esp. with long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, also induce beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferation. Two other beta-oxidative reactions namely the removal of the cholesterol side-chain, leading to the formation of bile acids, and the degradation of dicarboxylic acids as formed by omega-oxidation of fatty acids were shown to be connected with peroxisomes. Presumably also 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, the key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis exists in a peroxisomal moiety. NADPH consumed in this reaction (and in the dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway of glycerolipid synthesis) might be provided by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which was recently also found in peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are indispensable in forming saturated ether lipids and plasmalogens because alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase is a membrane enzyme exclusively located in peroxisomes. Certain other enzymes of the dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway of glycerolipid synthesis are also found in peroxisomes. Because of the combination of oxidases like fatty acyl-CoA oxidase and catalase and the feasibility of reoxidising NADH within the peroxisomes the aerobic metabolism of peroxisomes is energy-wasting. Therefore they might be important in chemical thermogenesis and in the control of body weight. For all these reasons peroxisomes must be essential for human metabolism. This is further demonstrated by genetically caused disorders: Total absence of peroxisomes is connected with the fatal cerebro-hepatorenal Zellweger syndrome. Defective peroxisomal beta-oxidation is manifested in Schilder's disease (adrenoleukodystrophy) characterized by accumulation of very long fatty acids. Peroxisomes perform a number of complementary and auxiliary reactions in general cell metabolism, in particular the cata- and anabolism of certain lipids, and therefore deserve consideration in clinical chemistry.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1986

Different metabolic rates for arachidonoyl molecular species of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in rat brain.

The ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EGP) contain most of the arachidonate (20:4, n-6) and adrenate (22:4, n-6), potential precursors of biologically potent prostaglandins and related compounds. Much better methods utilizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques are now available for the study of the molecular species of all three classes, namely diacyl, alkenylacyl (plasmalogen), and alkylacyl. Different molecular species may have different functions. This possibility was studied by examining the rates of incorporation of [3H]arachidonic acid into the three major molecular species of each of the three classes of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids. After the intracerebral injection of [3H]20:4 into rat brain, it was rapidly converted to 22:4(n-6). Of the total radioactivity, 10-20% was located in 22:4 in alkenylacyl and diacyl-GPE. In the alkylacyl-GPE, labeled 22:4 was preferentially incorporated and accounted for 50-60% of the total radioactivity. The primary arachidonoyl molecular species of alkenylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl-GPE were the 18:1-20:4, 16:0-20:4, and 18:0-20:4 species. The alkylacyl class contained almost equal proportions of these three molecular species. On the other hand, the 20:4 in alkenylacyl and diacyl classes was combined largely with 18:0 groups at the sn-1 position. In particular, the 18:0-20:4 species comprised about 80% of arachidonoyl molecular species of the diacyl class. In all three classes, the highest specific radioactivities were found in the 18:1-20:4 species, whereas the 18:0-20:4 species had the lowest specific radioactivity. Over the period 60 min-24 hr, the diacyl 18:0-20:4 and all three arachidonoyl molecular species of the alkenylacyl class increased in specific radioactivity more rapidly than the other arachidonoyl molecular species.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Biochemistry of the life cycle of Triatoma infestans (vinchuca). 1. Lipids and fatty acids composition].

The lipid composition of Triatoma infestans (Vinchuca) was studied by thin layer chromatography and gas lipid chromatography. The main fatty acids found were oleic and palmitic followed by stearic, palmitoleic and linoleic. Only very small amounts of arachidonic and docosahexenoic acids were present. The composition depended on the incorporation of the fatty acids of the blood ingested, but it was modified in a small extent by the insect. The fatty acid composition changed during the development of the eggs to the following stages. The main lipids found were triacylglycerol, phósphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol esters and cholesterol. The analysis of the fatty acid composition of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline spots showed the presence of little amounts of palmityl and stearyl aldehydes, suggesting the existence of the corresponding plasmalogens.

Animals↗