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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Primary thymic carcinoid with Cushing's syndrome.

In a 52-year-old Caucasian man osteopoikilosis had been misdiagnosed roentgenologically 2 years before his death. Gradually he developed Cushing's syndrome and ultimately superior vena caval obstruction. At autopsy a primary thymic carcinoid with extensive osteoblastic bone metastasis was found. Immunohistochemically the tumor was shown to be positive for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cytokeratin (KL1), neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin and glucagon. Remarkably the tumour was negative for serotonin despite high urinary hydroxyindolacetic acid levels. Bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex was found. The adenohypophysis showed a considerable reduction of ACTH-producing cells and numerous Crooke's cells with a characteristic immunohistochemical pattern.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2002

Identification and validation of metastasis-associated proteins in head and neck cancer cell lines by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.

Despite improvements in treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) over the last two decades, the survival rate of these patients has not increased significantly. One of the major factors in the poor outcome of the disease is regional metastasis. To better understand the mechanisms of this process at the protein level, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry using SELDI ProteinChip technology to identify proteins differentially expressed in two HNSCC cell lines, UMSCC10A and UMSCC10B, from the same patient. UMSCC10A was derived from the primary tumor and UMSCC10B from a metastatic lymph node. The differentially expressed proteins were excised from the gels. Following in-gel digestion by trypsin, mass profiles of the peptides were generated. Proteins were identified by submitting the peptide mass profiles to a public available NCBInr databases (www.proteometrics.com). Two membrane-associated proteins, annexin I and annexin II and glycolytic protein enolase-alpha were found to be upregulated, and calumenin precursor down-regulated, in metastatic cell line UMSCC10B. The identity of these proteins was confirmed by analyzing additional peptide mass fingerprints obtained by endoproteinase lysine-C digestion. The results were also validated by Western blotting analysis. Our results showed that enolase-alpha, annexin-I and annexin-II might be important molecules in head and neck cancer invasion and metastasis. The results also suggest an important complementary role for proteomics in identification of molecular abnormalities important in cancer development and progression.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Differentiation in the medulloblastoma. A histological and immunohistochemical study.

The histological and immunohistological features of medulloblastomas were investigated in patients participating in an ongoing cooperative study of the Societé International d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (SIOP). Of 51 neoplasms, four were the classic desmoplastic variant. In regard to the histological features used to grade neoplasms, considerable inter- and intratumoral variation was observed. The neoplasms with the most pleomorphic and coarsely structured nuclei tended to be neuroblastic, whereas the most delicate and uniform nuclei were found in the desmoplastic neoplasms. Twenty-one of the cases exhibited neuroblastic differentiation in the form of neuroblastic rosettes. Of these, three also contained neoplastic ganglion cells. Of the five medulloblastomas that were calcified, four contained neuroblastic rosettes in accord with the tendency for calcification in neuroblastic neoplasms. In many of the neuroblastic neoplasms, islands of markedly neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-positive cells were seen. Although the limited specificity of this marker enzyme is recognized, we believe that this focal intense staining could indicate neuronal differentiation somewhat more advanced than in small NSE-positive islands of reduced cellularity, many of which were strongly positive. The nuclei in these island were usually larger and more vesicular than those in the surrounding densely cellular areas. These features and the frequent association with Homer-Wright rosettes suggest that these foci represent a form of neuronal differentiation. Astrocytic differentiation was more difficult to define and required the use of staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Six neoplasms contained GFAP-positive cells that were clearly neoplastic. Many others contained scattered reactive astrocytes and dispersed cells whose neoplastic versus reactive nature could not be defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

Carbohydrate metabolism in Spirochaeta stenostrepta.

The pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in Spirochaeta stenostrepta, a free-living, strictly anaerobic spirochete, were studied. The organism fermented glucose to ethyl alcohol, acetate, lactate, CO(2), and H(2). Assays of enzymatic activities in cell extracts, and determinations of radioactivity distribution in products formed from (14)C-labeled glucose indicated that S. stenostrepta degraded glucose via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. The spirochete utilized a clostridial-type clastic reaction to metabolize pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A, CO(2), and H(2), without production of formate. Acetyl-coenzyme A was converted to ethyl alcohol by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent acetaldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase activities. Phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase catalyzed the formation of acetate from acetyl-coenzyme A. Hydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were detected in cell extracts. A rubredoxin was isolated from cell extracts of S. stenostrepta. Preparations of this rubredoxin stimulated acetyl phosphate formation from pyruvate by diethylaminoethyl cellulose-treated extracts of S. stenostrepta, an indication that rubredoxin may participate in pyruvate cleavage by this spirochete. Nutritional studies showed that S. stenostrepta fermented a variety of carbohydrates, but did not ferment amino acids or other organic acids. An unidentified growth factor present in yeast extract was required by the organism. Exogenous supplements of biotin, riboflavin, and vitamin B(12) were either stimulatory or required for growth.

Acetates↗
PubMed1980

Phosphopeptide substrates of a phosphoprotein phosphatase from rat liver.

The substrate specificity of a preparation of phosphoprotein phosphatase (Mr = 32 000) from rat liver was investigated. Phosphopeptides based on the structure Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser(P)-Val-Ala-Glx-Leu and Ala-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-Ser-Gly-Ser(P)-Val-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Leu-Lys were used. These phosphopeptides correspond to the phosphorylation sites of rat liver pyruvate kinase (type L) and the beta subunit of rabbit muscle phosphorylase b kinase, respectively. A decrease in the apparent Km values and a concomitant increase in Vmax values was observed when the number of amino acyl residues after the phosphoseryl residue in the respective phosphopeptides were increased from 2 to 4, 5, or 6. Most of the phosphopeptides investigated generally showed apparent Km values higher than the values obtained with phosphopyruvate kinase. Ala-Ser(P)-Val-Ala and Gly-Ser(P)-Val-Tyr appeared to be the shortest phosphopeptides that could be dephosphorylated rapidly. These findings support the hypothesis that a small part of the phosphoprotein may be sufficient to fulfill the minimal requirements for its dephosphorylation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Implantation of dendritic cells in injured adult spinal cord results in activation of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells leading to de novo neurogenesis and functional recovery.

We report a treatment for spinal cord injury involving implantation of dendritic cells (DCs), which act as antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. The novel mechanisms underlying this treatment produce functional recovery. Among the immune cells tested, DCs showed the strongest activity inducing proliferation and survival of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in vitro. Furthermore, in DC-implanted adult mice, endogenous NSPCs in the injured spinal cord were activated for mitotic de novo neurogenesis. These DCs produced neurotrophin-3 and activated endogenous microglia in the injured spinal cord. Behavioral analysis revealed the locomotor functions of DC-implanted mice to have recovered significantly as compared to those of control mice. Our results suggest that DC-implantation exerts trophic effects, including activation of endogenous NSPCs, leading to repair of the injured adult spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Consequences of cytotoxic T lymphocyte interaction with major histocompatibility complex class I-expressing neurons in vivo.

Neurons have evolved strategies to evade immune surveillance that include an inability to synthesize the heavy chain of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC), proteins that are necessary for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition of target cells. Multiple viruses have taken advantage of the lack of CTL-mediated recognition and killing of neurons by establishing persistent neuronal infections and thereby escaping attack by antiviral CTL. We have expressed a class I MHC molecule (Db) in neurons of transgenic mice using the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter to determine the pathogenic consequences of CTL recognition of virally infected, MHC-expressing central nervous system (CNS) neurons. The NSE-Db transgene was expressed in H-2b founder mice, and transgene-derived messenger RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in transgenic brains from several lines. Purified primary neurons from transgenic but not from nontransgenic mice adhered to coverslips coated with a conformation-dependent monoclonal antibody directed against the Dv molecule and presented viral peptide to CTL in an MHC-restricted manner, indicating that the Db molecule was expressed on transgenic neurons in a functional form. Transgenic mice infected with the neurotropic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and given anti-LCMV, MHC-restricted CTL displayed a high morbidity and mortality when compared with controls receiving MHC-mismatched CTL or expressing alternative transgenes. After CTL transfer, transgenic brains showed an increased number of CD8+ cells compared with nontransgenic controls as well as an increased rate of clearance of infectious virus from the CNS. Additionally, an increase in blood-brain barrier permeability was detected during viral clearance in NSE-Db transgenic mice and lasted several months after clearance of virus from neurons. In contrast, LCMV-infected, nontransgenic littermates and mice expressing other gene products from the NSE promoter showed no CNS disease, no increased intraparenchymal CTL, and no blood-brain barrier damage after the adoptive transfer of antiviral CTL. Our study indicates that viral infections and CTL-CNS interactions may induce blood-brain barrier disruptions and neurologic disease by a "hit-and-run" mechanism, triggering a cascade of pathogenic events that proceeds in the absence of continual viral stimulation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Myxoma of the gingiva: a case report and literature review.

Soft tissue myxomas of the oral and para-oral tissue are extremely rare. Only two cases of myxoma of gingiva have been reported in the literature. The histogenesis of these lesions remains obscure. We report a case of gingival myxoma in a 37-year-old man. A firm ovoid soft tissue mass measuring 1.5 x 1.2 x 1 cm in size was noted at the mesio-lingual gingiva of a partially impacted right mandibular third molar. Radiographic examination revealed an impacted mandibular third molar with normal radiographic bony consistency of the mandible. Excisional biopsy was performed with no evidence of recurrence after 8 months. Histological examination showed stromal mass composed of myxoid-like fluid in fibrovascular stroma and scanty inflammatory cell infiltration, suggesting myxomas of the oral soft tissues and jaws. Immunohistochemical stains with S-100 protein, desmin and smooth muscle specific actin yielded negative results, and those with alcian blue, periodic-acid-Schiff, mucicarmine, vimentin and reticulin were positive. Tumor cells of mesenchymal origin without neurogenic or muscular derivations and myxoid matrix composed of acid mucopolysaccharides in this lesion further confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma. Periodontal ligament origin cannot be completely excluded due to tumor location and its association with an impacted molar. However, further study is necessary to clarify the origin and histogenesis of these lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Ectopic hormone producing cells in non-small cell lung carcinoma (non-SCLC) and heterogeneity of lung cancer].

68 cases of non-SCLG were investigated by immunohisto-chemical technique to detect ectopic hormone producing cells and to study the heterogeneity of non-SCLC. Histologic heterogeneity was observed in 11 of 68 non-SCLC and 24 (35.3%) cases displayed hormone immunoreactivity. Ten cases were positive for NSE. More than one type of hormone producing cells could be detected in 11 tumors. Both neutral and acid mucoproteins in variable quantities were observed in 17 tumors that contained the hormone or NSE producing cells. The results indicate that there is functional heterogeneity in non-SCLC, and all types of lung carcinoma may have a common cellular origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pure small cell carcinoma of the prostate.

Pure small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare anaplastic tumour. This report presents the clinicopathological findings of two patients presenting with this disease. Immunohistochemistry was positive for protein gene product 9.5, neurone specific enolase and calcitonin. Staining was negative for prostate specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase. androgen ablation has no place in the management of this lesion and patients with this disease should be managed as if they have a neuroendocrine tumour.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Primary culture of neonatal rat olfactory neurons.

We have prepared primary cultures of purified neonatal rat olfactory neurons. Dissociated olfactory epithelial cells are maintained in modified Eagle's medium with D-valine, cytosine arabinoside, and NGF. NGF is required for neuronal survival. Immunohistochemical staining is positive for the neuronal markers vimentin, olfactory marker protein, and neuron-specific enolase, but negative for the glial markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 protein. Physiologic concentrations of odorants stimulate cAMP accumulation in the cells. Because of their morphology, biochemical composition, and responsiveness to odorants, these cells should enhance olfactory investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

An improved method for the expression of TRH in serum-supplemented primary cultures of fetal hypothalamic cells.

Primary cultures of dispersed cells from fetal nervous tissue are extensively used for studying multiple neuronal properties. Analyses of the developmental expression of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH; pglu-his-pro-NH(2)) biosynthesis in primary cultures of fetal dissociated hypothalamic cells have shown that cellular TRH levels per dish increase with time in culture, after a lag period of a few days, but do not attain the values observed in vivo, hampering its use as a model system for the study of peptide biosynthesis and release. We have demonstrated that homologous conditioned medium (CM) enhances TRH expression in dissociated cell cultures from fetal mice hypothalamus, maintained in presence of serum. We report here experimental conditions that allow the expression, during the second or third week in vitro, of higher cellular TRH levels than previously described in primary cultures of dissociated hypothalamic cells from 17-day rat fetuses. The medium used was Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (10%), vitamins, glucose, glutamine and insulin (DMEM-S). Cellular levels of TRH/mg protein increased with cell density between 1 and 2.7x10(6) cells per 35-mm dish. Addition of 10(-5) M cytosine arabinoside (CAr) at the 4th day in vitro (DIV) improved TRH cell content per dish compared to addition at 5 DIV; 2.5-5x10(-5) M bromodeoxyuridine added at seeding reduced cell survival and did not enhance TRH levels, in comparison to CAr-treated cultures. Addition of ascorbic acid (0.5-1x10(-4) M) increased TRH levels per dish. Substitution of DMEM by DMEM-F12 (1:1) did not improve TRH levels. Cellular levels of TRH, in Neurobasal plus B27 (a serum-free medium), were similar to levels in serum-supplemented media. In the optimized conditions, a small number of pro-TRH mRNA expressing cells (2% of total cells) was detected by in situ hybridization; 40% coexpressed the pro-protein convertase PC1 mRNA. Conditioning the medium, controlling glial proliferation, and adding ascorbic acid improved the expression of TRH in primary culture of hypothalamic cells in DMEM-S.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A positive regulatory sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ENO1 gene.

ENO1-'lacZ fusions with various lengths of the ENO1 5'-flanking region were constructed on various types of yeast plasmid vectors. The fully expressed level of beta Gal directed by ENO1-'lacZ fusions differed depending on the type of vector, but on any type of vector, beta Gal activity was not greatly influenced by the carbon source in the medium. The 86-bp DNA region of ENO1 at position -487 to -402 upstream of the initiation codon, in which we had previously delimited the positive regulatory region of ENO1 (Uemura, H., Shiba, T., Paterson, M., Jigami, Y., & Tanaka, H. (1986) Gene 45, 67-75), exerted its function without requiring precise location with respect to the TATA box. The action of the positive regulatory region was not affected by its orientation. In addition, the substitution of the UASs of PHO5, encoding repressible acid phosphatase, with the regulatory region of ENO1 changed the expression of PHO5-'lacZ gene to constitutive, irrespective of the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the medium. Furthermore, the GCR1 gene cloned in a multicopy plasmid increased the expression of the ENO1-'lacZ fused genes.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent developments in the age-related alteration of enzymes: a review.

Recent developments dealing with the age-related alteration of enzymes have been examined. Since the last review of this field, three enzymes have been purified to homogeneity from young and old nematodes (enolase, phosphoglycerate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase) and one from the liver of young and old rats (superoxide dismutase). In all cases except for triosephosphate isomerase, the enzymes from old animals show a reduced catalytic ability compared to those from young animals. In addition, new reports of increases in the amount of altered enzymes in late-passage cells in tissue culture have appeared, though contrary evidence has also been published. The data from these and other papers are compared and discussed. Possible explanations for the alteration of enzymes include error theory, substitution of individual amino acids and conformational change without sequence change. Though final conclusions cannot be made, the evidence favors the latter idea to explain the presence of altered enzymes in old animals.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phakomatous choristoma of the eyelid: immunohistochemical observation.

This article reports the first case of phakomatous choristoma of the eyelid in Japan. The tumor occurred in a 2-week-old boy and was located in the left lower lid near the inner canthus. An immunohistochemical study of this rare, congenital tumor was performed. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the epithelial cells of this tumor showed positive staining for vimentin, S-100 protein, and neuron-specific enolase, while they had no immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, epithelial membrane antigen, or a macrophage marker. Both the epithelial cells and the central contents of the islands in this tumor showed positive staining with anti-human alpha crystallin monoclonal mouse IgG. These results strongly indicated that a phakomatous choristoma was of a lenticular origin.

Choristoma↗
PubMed2004

A case of pediatric ovarian dysgerminoma associated with high serum levels and positive immunohistochemical staining of neuron-specific enolase.

A 5-year-old girl presented with a painful abdominal mass. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed 3 separate masses. Tumor markers including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cancer antigen-125 (CA-125), beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were elevated. At operation, the main tumor arose from the left ovary and was associated with torsion, whereas the other lesions were lymph node metastases. A salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination indicated that the tumor was a dysgerminoma. Immunohistochemicallly, the cells were positive for NSE and placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP) but were negative for CA-125, beta-hCG, S-100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vimentin. The elevated serum levels of tumor markers improved dramatically after the operation and chemotherapy.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗