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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Traumatic winging of the scapula.

Fourteen patients with traumatic winging of the scapula were reviewed, all of whom had had injuries producing sudden depression of the shoulder girdle from either a direct blow to the top of the shoulder or downward traction on the arm. The diagnosis was commonly missed for a considerable interval. Seven patients recovered spontaneously within six months of injury. Three of the other seven patients were treated by reattachment of the insertion of the sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle via a fascia lata graft to the lower pole of the scapula. In one of these patients a reoperation was needed, but all three ultimately recovered satisfactory function of the shoulder. Anatomical studies suggested that the injury results from compression of the long thoracic nerve against the second rib and not from entrapment of the nerve by the scalenus medius muscle.

Fascia Lata↗
PubMed1984

Congenital absence of the breast.

A case of unilateral absence of the breast and nipple in a male, accompanied by partial absence of the pectoralis major muscle, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Use of myoplasty after acute mediastinitis occurring after heart surgery. Apropos of 167 cases].

Infected median sternotomy often requires open wound management. A large thoracic defect usually results in subsequent exposure of heart, great vessels, aorto-coronary bypass grafting or vascular prosthesis. After thorough wound debridement, coverage with muscle transposition was carried out in a series of 167 cases observed over a period of 10 years. Transposition of both pectoralis major muscles on internal pedicles was performed in 75 cases. In 27 of these cases, internal mammary grafting did not preclude their use. Since 1986, intrathoracic transposition of the trapezius muscle has been our treatment of choice in 25 cases, most frequently combined with a double pectoralis major transposition. Rectus abdomini muscle flap was seldom used alone whereas latissimus dorsi was mainly used as a salvage flap. Muscle transposition provided effective heart and great vessel protection after acute hemorrhage in 18 cases. This series confirms that mortality and mean hospital stay have decreased dramatically since the routine use of muscle transposition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Pectoris major muscle flap in mammaplasty].

Due to the late postoperative permanent ptosis recurrence in breast reduction and/or mastopexy, the senior author has introduced a new surgical technique using the inferior third of the pectoralis major muscle which constructed and fashioned according to the anatomo-histological variations. Fixation of this muscle flap to the inferior pole of the mammary gland will avoid any future breast ptosis. Personal experience with 51 consecutive cases of breast reduction and/or mastopexy operated between March 1994 and March 1996 is reported. The procedure is illustrated in details; the main indications, late results, limitations and possible early and late complications are studied and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The effect of enamel matrix proteins and deproteinized bovine bone mineral on heterotopic bone formation.

To evaluate the osteoinductive potential of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the muscle of rats. Sixteen rats were used in this study. The animals were divided in three groups. Group A: a pouch was created in one of the pectoralis profundis muscles of the thorax of the rats and DBBM particles (Bio-Oss) were placed into the pouch. Healing: 60 days. Group B: a small pouch was created on both pectoralis profundis muscles at each side of the thorax midline. In one side, a mixture of EMD (Emdogain) mixed with DBBM was placed into one of the pouches, whereas in the contralateral side of the thorax the pouch was implanted with DBBM mixed with the propylene glycol alginate (PGA--carrier for enamel matrix proteins of EMD). Healing: 60 days. Group C: the same procedure as group B, but with a healing period of 120 days. Qualitative histological analysis of the results was performed. At 60 days, the histological appearance of the DBBM particles implanted alone was similar to that of the particles implanted together with EMD or PGA at both 60 and 120 days. The DBBM particles were encapsulated into a connective tissue stroma and an inflammatory infiltrate. At 120 days, the DBBM particles implanted together with EMD or PGA exhibited the presence of resorption lacunae in some cases. Intramuscular bone formation was not encountered in any group. The implantation of DBBM particles alone, combined with EMD or its carrier (PGA) failed to exhibit extraskeletal, bone-inductive properties.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Pectoralis major tendon avulsion from rappelling.

To our knowledge, we are reporting the first case of a pectoralis major tendon avulsion from rappelling. The mechanism of injury in this case differs biomechanically from the commonly associated activity of bench pressing. The patient's initial presentation, course of corrective treatment, and postoperative rehabilitation is discussed in detail. A review of the historical and current literature on pectoralis major tendon injuries is included. The results of current biomechanical studies are discussed in relation to the complex anatomy of the pectoralis major muscle. This report is relevant to individuals involved in rappelling, high-demand athletes, and the surgeons who treat them. Nonoperative management of pectoralis major tendon tears is contrasted with operative repair. The current literature supports operative treatment in high-demand athletes, laborers, and military personnel to allow them to regain full strength and endurance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Oxidation state of tissue thiol groups and content of protein carbonyl groups in chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy.

Indirect evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of inherited muscular dystrophy, but the significance and precise extent of this contribution is poorly understood. Compared with normal muscle, significantly higher contents of glutathione, glutathione disulphide, protein-glutathione mixed disulphides and protein carbonyl groups, and significantly lower contents of free protein thiol groups, were found in pectoralis major muscle of genetically dystrophic chickens (the muscle affected by this disease) at 4 weeks of age. Other tissues did not show such marked disease-related differences. Interestingly, the protein pool in normal, but not dystrophic, pectoralis major muscle was relatively less oxidized in relation to the glutathione pool as compared with other tissues studied. The mechanisms by which this unique relationship between the thiol pools is maintained remain unknown. Although the physiological consequences of the increased content of protein carbonyl groups and the altered thiol pools in dystrophic muscle are not clear, the changes evident at such a young age are consistent with the occurrence of oxidative stress and may reflect significant damage to cellular proteins in this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Preservation of pectoralis minor in axillary clearance for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: There has been a gradual shift away from radical surgery towards conservation treatment for breast cancer. The pectoralis minor muscle is increasingly preserved in women undergoing axillary clearance as part of either breast conservation or mastectomy. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to determine the axillary node count in 578 patients who underwent axillary clearance, 276 with removal of pectoralis minor and 302 who had the muscle preserved. RESULTS: The mean number of nodes excised in the group who had pectoralis minor excised was 25.5 (range 8-50) compared with 24.5 (range 9-68) in the preservation group. CONCLUSION: For the majority of patients with operable breast cancer, retention of the pectoralis minor muscle is not associated with understaging or undertreatment of the axilla.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The cervicodeltopectoral flap for single-stage resurfacing of anterolateral defects of the face and neck.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the feasibility and utility of adding a cervical extension to the standard deltopectoral flap. We postulated that this cervicodeltopectoral (CDP) flap will allow for single-stage reconstruction of large defects of the anterolateral face and neck. METHODS: As is the case with the deltopectoral flap, the CDP flap is based on the perforating branches of the internal mammary artery. However, the superior and posterior limbs of the CDP flap are not limited by the clavicle and the deltoid muscle. Instead, they extend in a subcutaneous tissue plane to the margins of the neck or facial defect and transfer the entire intervening skin bridge with the deltopectoral flap. RESULTS: Eighteen patients underwent closure of complex cutaneous defects of the face and neck with the CDP flap. We found no evidence of flap loss in any of these patients. Twelve patients had received preoperative radiation therapy encompassing the cervical extension of the CDP flap. No evidence of adverse healing was noted in this subset of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The CDP flap may represent an alternative in the surgical treatment of various cutaneous defects of the face and neck. It allows for single-stage, reliable reconstruction of these defects. The transfer of intervening cervical skin in conjunction with the deltopectoral flap provides for a more aesthetically pleasing reconstruction, as skin immediately adjacent to the defect is more closely related to the excised skin in terms of color and texture.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developmental study of alpha-glucosidases in Japanese quails with acid maltase deficiency.

In Japanese quails with late-onset acid maltase deficiency (AMD), the activity of acid alpha-glucosidase was severely reduced to approximately 16% of the normal level from an embryonic age. The kinetic characteristics and inhibition by Zn indicated that the residual activity was responsible for the intrinsic activity of acid alpha-glucosidase. However, in affected embryos, the glycogen content and other lysosomal enzyme activities were normal, despite the low acid alpha-glucosidase activity. In a separate study, we found the existence of two age-dependent neutral alpha-glucosidases--"embryonic" and "adult" alpha-glucosidases. In affected quails, the transition from the embryonic neutral alpha-glucosidase to the adult type was not influenced by the disease. The activity toward maltose and glycogen of the embryonic neutral alpha-glucosidase may explain the normal glycogen content in the affected embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparative anatomical analysis of human trisomies 13, 18, and 21: I. The forelimb.

Human trisomies 13, 18, and 21 exhibit specific neuromuscular phenotypes (Pettersen and Bersu, '82) which include a high proportion of neuromuscular forelimb variations, many of which are atavistic in nature (de Beer, '58; Barash et al., '79; Aziz, '81a). In order to test the neuromuscular phenotype, examine the atavistic nature, and analyze the developmental delay of the trisomy forearm musculature, we dissected the forelimbs of five trisomy 13, ten trisomy 18, and two trisomy 21 cases. Our dissections compare favorably with the existing published trisomy cases (Opitz et al., '79; Pettersen and Bersu, '82). Additionally, we found significant differences in the stage at which developmental arrest occurred in trisomies 13 and 18 for the pectoral complex, extensor digitorum profundus, and intrinsic hand musculature. Some of these muscles, which occur normally in nonhuman primates (Cihak, '67, '69; Dunlap et al., '85), also appear briefly in normal human ontogeny (Cihak, '72), constituting further evidence for developmental delay in aneuploids. The disproportionately effected limb tissues also lend support to the evidence for some degree of autonomy in their development in normal individuals. Our observations are consistent with Shapiro's amplified developmental instability model ('83). Aneuploids may be viewed as genetic variants from which much may be learned about normal limb development, how aneuploidy affects dysmorphogenesis, and the kind of information which exists on the duplicated (or monosomic) chromosome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prevention of myopotential inhibition of unipolar QRS-inhibited demand pacemakers.

Seventy-two unipolar QRS-inhibited demand pacemakers were examined by provoking myopotential interference by exercise. Filter characteristics of 5 kinds of generators were tested by the use of sin wave pulse. Each myosignal of the major pectoral muscle and the abdominal rectus muscle was subjected to Fourier transform for analyses of amplitude and frequencies. Pacemaker inhibition was observed in 42 (58 per cent) of 72 with the highest frequency in the push up test. In this test, the incidence of myopotential inhibition was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) on the pacemaker implantations in the abdominal wall than that in the anterior chest wall. The myosignals of the major pectoral muscle had sufficient frequency and power density for triggering the QRS sensing mechanism but the abdominal muscular signals did not. To avoid myopotential inhibition of unipolar ventricular inhibited demand pacemakers it is most effective to implant multiprogrammable pacemakers subcutaneously in the abdominal wall and to select the optimal sensitivity according to the myopotential inhibition tests.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1994

Segmental fasciculations as a late sequel of spinal cord injury.

In two patients with a history of spinal cord injury many years ago fasciculations developed in muscles belonging to previously damaged segments. In both patients MRI of the cervical spine showed an area of abnormal signal intensity representing a cavity, near the level of the neurological abnormalities and the cord injury. During a 4-year follow-up period no new neurological or MRI abnormalities were detected. A hypothesis for the genesis of fasciculations following spinal cord injury is presented.

Adult↗