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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Dentocraniofacial morphology in parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the dentocraniofacial morphology of parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) with that of parents of children without CL/P and to use the results for genetic counseling. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five fathers and 40 mothers of Japanese children with CL/P, who also had relatives with CL/P within three generations (experimental group), and 413 pairs of parents of children without CL/P (control) were used in this study. To test the accuracy of the discriminant function, 165 subjects were added to this study (test group). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five dental casts were measured by digital sliding calipers, and 1056 frontal and 1056 lateral cephalograms were traced, digitized, and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and discriminant analysis. RESULTS: Mesiodistal tooth diameters in parents of children with CL/P did not show any differences from those in parents of children without CL/P. The parents in the experimental group showed a distinct craniofacial morphology: wider interorbital width (IO-IO'), intercoronoid process distance (Cp-Cp'), and nasal cavity width (NC-NC') and larger anterior cranial base length (S-N) and cranial base length (N-Ba). For genetic counseling, a discriminant function was obtained using four significant ratios on ANOVA. The percentage of correct classification using this function on the pooled experimental and control subjects was 67.9. CONCLUSION: The parents in the experimental group showed a special craniofacial morphology, but the results suggest that the discriminant function might not be helpful in genetic counseling.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

An investigation of the dentition of parents of children with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation was to identify whether any dental features in parents of children with cleft lip and palate can be useful as predictors of clefting. METHODS: The dentition of 28 pairs of parents of children with complete unilateral (17) and bilateral (11) cleft lip and palate and 21 pairs of parents of noncleft children were evaluated. Clinical and radiographic examinations were carried out to identify abnormalities of tooth number and morphology. Study cast assessment was undertaken to evaluate incisor relationship, overjet, overbite, intercanine widths, and mesiodistal widths of individual teeth, and these data were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of abnormalities of tooth number in parents of cleft children was similar to those reported elsewhere for general populations. In parents of children with unilateral clefts, there was no tooth-size asymmetry between teeth on the side corresponding to the child's cleft and noncleft sides, respectively. No differences were found in tooth widths and intercanine widths between parents of children with unilateral clefts and parents of children with bilateral clefts. The incisor relationship, overjet, overbite, and intercanine widths were found not to differ statistically between the parents of cleft children and parents of noncleft children. CONCLUSIONS: No predictors of clefting could be identified in the dentition of parents of children with cleft lip and palate.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mandibular bone graft material for reconstruction of alveolar cleft defects: long-term results.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term effect of mandibular bone as donor material in bone grafting of the alveolar process defect in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), compared with iliac crest cancellous bone. METHOD: During a 7-year period, 101 UCLP patients were bone grafted, 57 cases with iliac crest cancellous bone and 44 with mandibular symphyseal bone. The long-term results with an observation time of more than 4 years were analyzed with respect to marginal bone level and dental and gingival condition in the grafted area. Complications were recorded. RESULTS: The bone level in the grafted area was satisfactory in both groups. Impaction of cleft-side canines was found in 35% of the patients in both groups. Patients with agenesis of the cleft side lateral incisor had significantly more impacted canines, compared with patients with a cleft-side lateral situated in the lesser maxillary segment, probably due to the fact that the lateral incisors help in guiding the canine down through the grafted area. The number of complications was scarce, although both groups demonstrated some gingival retraction with a longer crown length at the cleft side central incisor. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study have changed our strategy in bone grafting. Timing of orthodontic treatment and bone grafting has been more varied depending on the position and presence of teeth in the cleft area. Bone grafting of the alveolar process is not just a local treatment of a bony defect, but in respect to the burden of treatment, bone grafting of the alveolar process has to be planned in accordance with orthodontic treatment and maxillofacial growth.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2000

Development of a frequency-dependent-type apex locator with automatic compensation.

Among apex locators, the frequency dependent type is more accurate and convenient to use than others. However, the accuracy of the apex locator is still influenced by the presence of various electrolytes used in root canal treatments. In this study, we developed a frequency-dependent electronic apex locator minimizing the influence of electrolytes on the measurement of root canal lengths. It was confirmed that the two frequencies of 0.5 and 10 kHz are better than the conventional ones of 0.4 and 8 kHz. The impedance ratio of the two different frequencies represents the position of the file in root canal, and the voltage difference of the two frequencies represents the status of the fluid in the root canal. As a result of compensation using the voltage differences of the two frequencies, the errors decreased significantly on average from +0.54 mm to +0.18 mm in H2O2 solution (p < 0.01), and from -0.33 mm to -0.01 mm in NaOCl solution (p < 0.01) in the tooth model experiments.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Morphological characteristics of the deciduous teeth.

The morphology of the deciduous teeth was investigated. The mean mesiodistal crown dimensions of the deciduous canine, first and second molars and the mean buccolingual crown dimensions of the deciduous second molars in both dental arches of boys were significantly larger than that of girls. The upper deciduous first molar of girls was slender buccolingually and the lower deciduous second molar of boys was slender mesiodistally.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

Clinical evaluation of a patient with single maxillary central incisor.

Hypodontia in permanent dentition is the most common developmental anomaly and frequently found in the second premolar and maxillary lateral incisor In the primary dentition, however, hypodontia appears to be less frequent, with the exception of cases such as ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip and palate. We report a child with one primary maxillary central incisor at midline. The presence of a single permanent maxillary central incisor was also confirmed by radiological examination. Other intraoral abnormalities were detected including absence of upper labial frenulum and abnormal palatal structure, but no other facial or brain anomalies. Although the condition is exceedingly rare, a thorough examination for more serious anomalies should be conducted since it is suggested to be the mildest feature of holoprosencephaly.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2002

Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion classes: a comparative study.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a difference exists in intermaxillary tooth size among different malocclusion groups in Saudi patients The study consisted of 240 pretreatment orthodontic casts (Sixty cases in each malocclusion class, in addition to normal occlusion). The results of the study shows no significant difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies for the overall ratio and anterior ratio between the different malocclusion groups, except for the anterior ratio in class III malocclusion. Further, no statistical significant difference was observed between males and females When the mean values of the present study were compared to that of Bolton's, a significant difference was found in all the malocclusion classes. We can conclude from this study that Bolton tooth size analysis is an important diagnostic tool, and should be taken into consideration before initiation of orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Alveolar bone height in infraoccluded primary teeth.

The purpose of this research is to describe the distance from the cemento enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) of infra occluded primary molars and the adjacent and opposing teeth. Bitewing radiographs from 29 children (mean age 98.8 months; SD 21.2), who had infra occluded molars, were scanned and measured. The results of these measurements found that the means of the CEJ-ABC distances of the mesial and distal aspects of the infra occluded teeth were 0.78 mm (SD 0.3) and 0.94 mm (SD 0.32) respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed no significant correlation between the different measurements, except when comparing the measurements in the infra occluded tooth and those of the opposing tooth. It was concluded that the CEJ-ABC values for infra occluded primary molars are shorter than normal values. The CEJ-ABC distances of the opposing and adjacent teeth to the infra occluded tooth are within normal limits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Factors associated with mandibular third molar eruption and impaction.

A retrospective study, using panoramic radiographs, was conducted on 152 Taiwanese (72 males and 80 females) to investigate mandibular third molar eruption and impaction. The following measurements were made: inclinations and mesiodistal crown widths of the mandibular molars, vertical and horizontal spaces between the distal surface of the second molar and the anterior surface of the ramus, lengths and widths of the mandibular ramus and body, the ramus inclination, the mandibular plane angle, and the mandibular gonial angle. Differences between non-impaction and impaction groups were studied, and the variables were analyzed with multivariate discriminatory analysis. Significant differences between the two groups were found; variables describing spaces between the anterior of the ramus and the distal of the mandibular second molar and tooth size appeared to be the primary contributors to the differences observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Relation of the alveolus to the cemento-enamel junction following attritional wear in aboriginal skulls. An enquiry into normality of cementum exposure with aging.

With tooth attrition, the height of the alveolar crest does not increase to keep pace with active tooth eruption and the cemento-enamel junction-alveolar crest distance increases slightly with age in aboriginal skulls. But there is no atrophy of the alveolar bony margin. Some decrease in interalveolar height does occur. This does not necessarily mean that passive eruption with exposure of cementum is normal. Rather it is postulated that the epithelial attachment proliferates onto cementum, inhibiting alveolar crest addition, while the base of the gingival sulcus remains at the cemento-enamel junction. During the course of this investigation, it was found that the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest increased more rapidly with advancing wear in the lower molar region than in the upper. In the lower first molar region, the lingual distance was significantly greater than that between cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest on the buccal aspect during each stage of wear. The size of the tooth, as reflected in the robustness index, had no influence on the processes or rate of active eruption, bone deposition at the alveolar crest, or measurements taken between cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Furcation morphology relative to periodontal treatment. Furcation entrance architecture.

The furcation entrance diameter of first permanent molar teeth has been investigated in a sample of 114 maxillary and 103 mandibular teeth, and found to be smaller than the blade face width of commonly used periodontal curettes in 58% of the furcations examined. It is suggested that because of this size disparity curettes when used alone may not be suitable for root preparation in this area as part of periodontal therapy. Alternative methods of instrumentation require clinical appraisal before recommendation. The buccal furcation entrance diameters of the maxillary first molar teeth examined tended to be smaller than either the mesiopalatal or distopalatal. Similarly the buccal entrance diameter in the mandibular first molar teeth examined tended to be smaller than the linqual. The mesiodistal widths at the cementoenamel junction of both maxillary and mandibular first molar teeth were found to have very low correlation with their furcation entrance diameters. Large teeth therefore do not necessarily have large furcation entrance diameters.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed1980

Dental root abnormalities and gingival overgrowth in epileptic patients receiving anticonvulsant therapy.

Forty-six mentally retarded epileptic patients being treated with phenytoin and phenobarbital were studied to determine the root/crown length ratios. Forty-five mentally retarded patients not receiving anticonvulsant drugs provided the controls. Further, because serum phenytoin levels have been related to severity of gingival hyperplasia, efforts were made to determine if the hyperplasia was associated with dental root abnormalities and also whether these abnormalities could be related to epilepsy per se. Results showed that in certain teeth there was a smaller root/crown ratio in the patients taking anticonvulsant medication. The male patients were more affected than the female. The unusually short roots were not necessarily related to high serum phenytoin but the severity of gingival overgrowth was. Histologic study of teeth from patients taking anticonvulsants revealed developmental abnormalities and resorption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The potential attachment area of the maxillary first molar.

The assumption that the palatal (PAL) root of maxillary molars has significantly greater attachment area than either the mesiobuccal (MB) or the distobuccal (DB) root was tested by documenting the root surface area of the individual roots and root trunks of 20 extracted maxillary first molars. Each molar was cross sectioned every millimeter, and the circumference of each root and root trunk section was measured with a calibrated opisometer. Mean circumferential measurements from each 1-mm section were summed to give the surface area for each root and root trunk. The DB root had significantly less surface area than either the MB or PAL root or the root trunk. There was no significant difference between the surface areas of the MB and PAL roots. The surface area of the root trunk, which was significantly greater than that of any of the three individual roots, averaged 32% of the total root surface area of the maxillary first molar.

Humans↗