Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ORTHODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The use of palatal implants for orthodontic anchorage. Design and clinical application of the orthosystem.

This paper presents the Orthosystem (Institute Straumann, Waldenburg/ Switzerland), a new endosseous orthodontic implant anchor system for palatal anchorage. The Orthosystem may replace compliance dependent extraoral anchoring aids for orthodontics and makes a bonding of well aligned mandibular dentition and it's use with class II elastics unnecessary. The fixture is designed for a one-stage application. It consists of an implant of pure titanium with a surface-treated, screw-shaped endosseous part of 3.3 mm diameter and lengths of 4 and 6 mm. Above the polished transmucosal neck follows as abutment where transpalatal arches made of rigid orthodontic wires (0.032 x 0.032 inch) are fixed by means of a clamp-cap. 6 patients with an angle class II malocclusion were implanted with the 6 mm fixture in the proximal midsagittal region of the palate during a pilot study. The treatment goal was extraction of the first maxillary premolars with subsequent retraction of the frontal dentition under maximal anchorage of the lateral teeth. For the implantation a simple surgical procedure of 10 min length was required while no further invasive action are needed until explantation. This way the strain on the patients was reduced to a minimum. They are now at varying stages of active treatment and the most advanced case is demonstrated here. The clinical and radiological findings after 12 months of treatment comprising 3 months of healing revealed no implant mobility or dislocation, favourable periimplant soft tissue conditions, and no marked mesial movement of the implant supported teeth. The frontal dentition was retracted by 8 mm with space closure occurring in a relatively short treatment period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

In vivo evaluation of a moisture-activated orthodontic adhesive: a comparative clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the clinical performance of a water-activated, ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive to a conventional composite resin. The null hypothesis tested was that there was no difference in bracket survival distribution, over a period of orthodontic treatment, for brackets bonded with either bonding agent. DESIGN: Single center randomized controlled clinical study. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Twenty-five consecutive patients (15 females and 10 males) were selected and treated with fixed appliances in a university postgraduate orthodontic clinic. All teeth, but the molars, were bonded with twin stainless steel brackets (n = 429) using a split-mouth technique and random allocation of the two adhesives. OUTCOME MEASURE: Bond failure rates during a period of 9 months were estimated for each adhesive system and the corresponding bracket survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimate. Bracket survival distributions with respect to adhesive material, tooth location, investigator, and bond failure interface were then compared by means of a log-rank test. Bond failure interface was determined using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). RESULTS: The water-activated bonding material recorded a significantly higher bond failure (22.4%) than the composite resin (5.1%). There were also statistically significant differences in bracket survival distributions between the two adhesives (log-rank test: p < 0.001). Premolars exhibited higher bond failure rates than incisors and canines (p < 0001). The predominant mode of failure was within the bonding material. CONCLUSION: Further investigations focused on the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the water-activated bonding system are needed to make it a reliable alternative adhesive for the direct bonding of orthodontic brackets.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1993

Orthodontics--the North American way.

The Orthologic award for clinical excellence is granted annually by the Scholarship Committee at the British Orthodontic Conference. It is judged on the presentation of detailed clinical records of three patients treated with an edgewise fixed appliance system. This scholarship is open to practitioners who have gained their initial orthodontic qualification within the last 12 years and provides funds of up to 2000 pounds towards visiting orthodontic centres overseas. With such a generous travel award one could indeed go far!

Canada↗
PubMed2003

The role of professionals complementary to dentistry in orthodontic practice as seen by United Kingdom orthodontists.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the opinions of UK orthodontists regarding potential clinical tasks to be carried out by orthodontic professionals complementary to dentistry (PCDs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Postal questionnaire survey of orthodontists within the UK. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A survey was developed including questions about respondents' current and previous posts, followed by seventeen potential tasks to be carried out by PCDs to prescription. Respondents stated whether a suitably trained PCD should perform each task to direct prescription. Respondents could mention additional clinical tasks that they considered appropriate. The questionnaire was posted to members of the British Orthodontic Society who were eligible to be included on the finalised specialist orthodontist register held by the General Dental Council. RESULTS: Five hundred and eighty one (70.6%) of 821 questionnaires were returned. Most procedures were supported but there was less support for four procedures, a majority against the fitting of bonded lingual retainers and respondents were undecided about molar band cementation, direct bonding of brackets and fitting of headgear. Amount or type of clinical practice or the date of qualification did not alter the pattern of responses given. CONCLUSIONS: There is support for the introduction of a class of orthodontic PCD and agreement regarding the nature of clinical tasks.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between compliance by adolescent orthodontic patients and performance on psychological tests.

Two hundred and fifty-two adolescent orthodontic patients were categorized according to their general level of compliance during orthodontic treatment. Each patient completed three standardized psychological tests, (1) The Comprehensive Personal Assessment System: Self-Report Inventory, by Oliver H. Bown, (2) The Adolescent Alienation Index, by F. K. Heussenstamm, and (3) The Home Index, by Harrison Gough. The most important variable in predicting compliance was the sex of the patient. Females were more compliant than males. The psychological tests indicated that more compliant patients scored higher on self-esteem, derived self-satisfaction from personal achievement, were optimistic regarding the future, had higher socioeconomic status and had a low degree of general alienation from society. These easy-to-administer, brief psychological inventories could be helpful to clinicians in anticipating compliance problems during orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

TMJ biocompatible orthodontic treatment.

The papers summarized here indicate that TMJ dysfunction remains a complicated problem, requiring a multidisciplinary team approach. Psychological stress is an important factor in diagnosis. New concepts of joint function must be considered. The functional anatomy of the TMJ from an arthroscopic perspective should be studied. New treatment methods, such as the polycentric hinge joint articulator, should be considered. And finally, orthodontic diagnosis and treatment conventions need to be modified, from obtaining a complete history, clinical examination, arriving at a diagnosis and obtaining informed consent for treatment that may include psychological counseling, splint therapy, simultaneous fixed orthodontics and splint therapy and possible TMJ arthroscopic surgery for nearly all orthodontic patients.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1998

Effect of behavior modification on patient compliance in orthodontics.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a reward system for improving patient compliance in orthodontic treatment. The sample consisted of 144 orthodontic patients (63 male, 81 female, average age 12.8 years), 6 to 12 months into their treatment. The sample was divided into above-average and below-average compliers, based on the orthodontic patient cooperation scale (OPCS). Each group was further divided into three subgroups: (a) a control group, which received only standard instructions; (b) an award group, which received compliance instructions and a written evaluation of compliance; and (c) a reward group, which received compliance instructions, a report card, and eligibility to receive rewards for adherent behavior. Two measurements of patient compliance were used: (1) the OPCS, which divided the sample into high and low compliers and was used to compare compliance before and after the 6-month experimental period; and (2) a clinical evaluation of compliance that was based on oral hygiene, appointment punctuality, appliance wear, and appliance maintenance. Evaluations were completed at each monthly appointment. Average compliance scores of above-average compliers showed no significant improvement with rewards. The average scores of patients with below-average compliance did not improve significantly. Only oral hygiene scores in the low compliance reward group were better than in the low compliance control group. Academic performance in school was found to be correlated (p < 0.001) with compliance. Above-average compliers remained above average in their compliance. The award/reward system may help motivate below-average compliers to comply with prescribed instructions.

Achievement↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of mandibular asymmetry by distraction osteogenesis and orthodontics: a report of four cases.

Distraction osteogenesis devices followed by hybrid functional appliance therapy and fixed orthodontic appliance therapy were used to correct a variety of maxillofacial skeletal and dental deformities in 4 patients. The patients underwent procedures to lengthen the mandibular ramus and body. Transcutaneous pins were used to activate the distraction devices. After achieving the desired skeletal position, the distraction devices were maintained for 2 to 3 months to allow ossification. Following distraction, functional orthodontic appliance therapy was initiated during growth to correct the cant of the occlusal plane by extrusion of teeth on the affected side for improved facial symmetry. Fixed orthodontic therapy was used for final occlusal adjustments. All patients achieved lengthening of their jaws and substantial improvement in facial symmetry and occlusion. The follow-up period for this group of 4 patients ranged from 18 to 36 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part I: The basic science aspects.

Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) or, as it is better known, root resorption, is an unavoidable pathologic consequence of orthodontic tooth movement. It is a certain adverse effect of an otherwise predictable force application. Although it is rarely serious, it is a devastating event when it is radiographically recognized. Orthodontics is probably the only dental specialty that actually uses the inflammatory process as a means of solving functional and esthetic problems. Force application initiates a sequential cellular process. We know exactly how and when it is evoked, but we are unable to predict its actual overall outcome. The extent of this inflammatory process depends on many factors such as the virulence or aggressiveness of the different resorbing cells, as well as the vulnerability and sensitivity of the tissues involved. Individual variation and susceptibility, which are related to this process, remain beyond our understanding. We are therefore unable to predict the incidence and extent of OIIRR after force application. This contemporary review is divided into two parts. In Part I, we discuss the basic sciences aspects of OIIRR as a continuation of our previously published work. In Part II, we present the clinical aspects of this subject.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Lever-arm and mini-implant system for anterior torque control during retraction in lingual orthodontic treatment.

Anterior torque control during retraction is difficult to achieve with lingual orthodontic treatment. This article describes the use of a lever-arm and mini-implant system as absolute anchorage for controlled retraction of the anterior teeth during lingual orthodontic treatment and evaluates 2 protrusion cases treated with this system. Various clinical situations are discussed and analyzed from a biomechanical standpoint. Mini-implants are needed to control the point of force application in the posterior area and produce en masse retraction with no anchorage loss. When the length of the lever-arm is adjusted to the position of the mini-implant, the desired line of action of the retraction force with respect to the center of resistance of the anterior segment is selected. Controlled retraction of the anterior teeth was achieved with no loss of anchorage. The mini-implant, in conjunction with the lever-arm, is useful not only for absolute anchorage but also for anterior torque control during retraction in lingual orthodontic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Pain control during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.

The control of pain during orthodontic treatment is of great interest to both clinicians and patients. However, there has been limited research into the control of this pain, and there is no standard of care for controlling this discomfort. This prospective study determines the pain sequelae in fixed orthodontic treatment and evaluates comparatively the analgesic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the control of this pain. One hundred and fifty orthodontic patients who were to have teeth bonded in at least one arch were randomly assigned to one of six groups: (1) placebo/placebo, (2) ibuprofen/ibuprofen, (3) flurbiprofen/flurbiprofen, (4) acetaminophen/acetaminophen, (5) naproxen sodium/naproxen sodium, and (6) aspirin/aspirin. The pain evaluations were made during chewing, biting, fitting the front teeth, and fitting the back teeth using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) for seven days. All the analgesics succeeded in decreasing the pain levels compared with the placebo group. However, naproxen sodium and aspirin groups showed the lowest pain values, and the acetaminophen group showed VAS results similar to those of the two analgesics.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2006

Changes in arch width. A 20-year longitudinal study of orthodontic treatment.

The changes in the dental arch dimensions that occur as a result of growth and treatment are of interest to the orthodontist and require careful consideration during treatment planning. A greater understanding of these changes could influence the patient's expectations from treatment as well as the formulation of the treatment and retention plans by the clinician. A retrospective study of the maxillary and mandibular canine and molar arch width changes in 60 patients over 20 years was carried out. Approximately half were treated orthodontically, and measurements were made on dental casts taken at four time points during the study: 1981, 1985, 1989, and 2001. Between baseline and final follow-up, the treated group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in maxillary intercanine arch width and statistically significant decreases in maxillary intermolar and mandibular intercanine and intermolar widths. No significant changes were observed for the untreated group. When comparing the orthodontically treated group with the untreated group, there was a significantly greater increase in maxillary intercanine width and a significantly greater reduction in mandibular intercanine width in the treated group over the duration of the study. No significant difference was observed between treated and untreated groups for maxillary and mandibular intermolar width changes. Sex had no statistically significant effect on these treatment differences. Type of orthodontic treatment had no effect on arch width changes within the treated group; however, the effect of tooth extraction needs further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Orthodontics and the upper airway].

One of the general aims of orthodontic treatment and of the combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery is to achieve good occlusion and aesthetic improvement, especially in cases of severe dentoskeletal deformities. However, on many occasions, the parameters of the upper airways are not taken into account when the aims of conventional treatment are fulfilled. Patients with obstructive alterations during sleep represent for the orthodontist a type of patient who differs from the normal; for them, treatment should include the objective of improving oxygen saturation. Here, functional considerations should outweigh purely aesthetic ones. It is important, when making an orthodontic, surgical or combined diagnosis for a patient, to bear in mind the impact that treatment may have on the upper airways. Good aesthetics should never be achieved for some of our patients at the expense of diminishing the capacity of their upper airways.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed2004

[Orthodontic treatment of children with cleft lip and cleft palate].

Orthodontic treatment of children with cleft palates continues through the periods of the three dentitions: temporary, mixed, and adult. Using examples, this paper deals with the different difficulties that can be encountered during treatment of this malformation. Orthodontic interception at the time of the temporary dentition corrects the heart of the problem, the transverse insufficiency, but also addresses moderate maxillary retrusion. Cooperation with a speech therapist at this stage is essential. In the mixed dentition, orthodontists correct incisal malalignment and, depending upon the severity of the deformity, consider surgical intervention. In the adult dentition, a variety of decisions must be made: whether to open or close the spaces left by absent lateral incisors; whether to accept an orthodontic compromise or to elect surgical advancement of the maxilla; and, if surgery is deemed appropriate, whether to embark on an early distraction procedure or to rely on a classical osteotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of surface-treated and untreated orthodontic bands: evaluation of shear force and surface roughness.

In an attempt to increase retention of orthodontic bands, orthodontic companies market bands with surfaces prepared to increase roughness. A comparison of six groups of bands, including two with untreated surfaces, revealed a wide range of variation in shear forces. Three classes of retention may be differentiated on the basis of non-statistically significantly different mean shear forces in each category: high (Unitek, treated), moderate (Unitek, untreated; A Co., treated; GAC, treated), and low (A Co., untreated; Dentaurum, treated). Surface roughness, as evaluated through atomic force microscopy, correlated moderately with shear force (r = 0.61; p < 0.05). This method is examined and compared with the qualitative profiles of the orthodontic band surfaces provided by optical micrography.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Influence of orthodontic treatment on development of third molars.

We aimed to find out whether extraction of lower premolars and subsequent closure of the space by a fixed appliance influenced the chances of mandibular third molars erupting. We compared angular and linear measurements of lower third molars on dental panoramic tomograms in 30 orthodontic patients with similar measurements from 30 patients with impacted third molars in intact arches. We found that the mesial angulation of lower third molars was reduced from 50 degrees to 43 degrees by orthodontic treatment (P< 0.001). Distance to the occlusal plane was reduced from 12 mm to 10 mm (P< 0.001). The space available increased from 4 mm to 11 mm (P< 0.001). We conclude that extraction of lower premolars and orthodontic treatment to achieve complete closure of the space allowed the positions of many impacted lower third molars to improve significantly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Four applications of reinforced polyethylene fiber material in orthodontic practice.

Four different orthodontic applications of a polyethylene fiber material are shown and discussed in case reports. Ribbond (Ribbond Inc, Seattle, Wash), a bondable, reinforced polyethylene fiber material, was successfully used in a fixed orthodontic retainer, a space maintainer, a temporary postorthodontic fixation device to attach a pontic to abutment teeth during periodontal therapy, and a posttraumatic stabilization splint. This clinical practice was based on earlier studies showing that the polyethylene fiber material adapted easily to dental contours and could be manipulated during the bonding process. It also has acceptable strength because of good integration of fibers with composite resin; this leads to good clinical longevity. Because thinner composite resins can be used, the volume of the splint can be minimized. There is no need for significant tooth structure removal, so the technique is reversible and conservative. It also satisfies patients' esthetic expectations. These cases show that Ribbond is a promising splint material for use in orthodontic practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

An in vitro comparison of 4 brands of nonlatex orthodontic elastics.

The purpose of this study was to compare 4 brands of nonlatex orthodontic elastics with respect to initial force produced and force decay over a 24-hour period. Sample sizes of 12 elastics from American Orthodontics (Sheboygan, Wis), Ortho Organizers (San Marcos, Calif), GAC International (Islandia, NY), and Masel (Bristol, Pa) were used. Equivalent or near-equivalent products were tested: the quarter-in (6.35 mm), 4 or 4.5 oz (113 or 128 g) elastics from each company. An apparatus that repeatedly cycled the elastics to simulate interarch usage with chewing was used to measure force decay over a 24-hour period. Results showed a wide range of initial forces between the brands at an extension of 3 times the marketed internal diameter. The elastics from American Orthodontics, Ortho Organizers, and Masel generated forces statistically below their marketed force levels at 3 times their marketed internal diameter extensions. GAC elastics generated significantly higher forces than marketed at 3 times internal diameter extension. All elastics generated forces below those marketed at 2 times internal diameter. Initial force production was significantly correlated with the measured cross-sectional area of the elastics (P <.01). The force decay patterns of all brands were very similar, but there were significant differences in their abilities to withstand testing. Grouped average percentages of initial force at 4, 8, and 24 hours were 68%, 61%, and 49%, respectively, for the elastics that did not break during testing.

Analysis of Variance↗