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PubMed1994

Organization and targets of the prior informed consent notification scheme. Part II. Field operation.

The problems associated with the misuse of pesticides are numerous and have been well documented. These are mainly the result of lack of regulations on: a) the introduction and use of pesticides; b) inadequate training of regulators, distributors and users; c) shortage of appropriate information on the nature and impact of pesticide use; and d) inadequate facilities for enforcement of control measures. To address these issues, including the issue of the export of pesticides which have been banned or severely restricted in industrial countries, the International code of conduct on the distribution and use of pesticides was adopted in 1983 by the FAO Conference and amended in 1985 to incorporate provisions for prior informed consent (PIC) procedures. Field activities on the code of conduct and on PIC are described.

Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Notification of family history of diabetes].

In clinical practice the presence of a positive family history of diabetes mellitus is one of the criteria to perform a glucose screening test. However it has been shown not to be always reliable. The aim of this study is to verify the concordance between the data referred by a group of daughters about the existence of diabetes mellitus in both parents, the data given by their parents, and a corroboration by blood glucose testing of the parents. A total of 82 triads (father, mother and daughter) were studied. The daughters were healthy and belonged to a cohort of perinatal studies of the Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia in Mexico City; they were not pregnant and had both patients alive, who agreed to participate in the study. Each daughter was asked about her parents history of diabetes having three options as an answer: yes, no, do not know. The same information about themselves was asked to the parents separately, not giving a chance to the members of the triad to communicate among themselves. The necessary glucose tests were performed to integrate a diagnosis by accepted international criteria. A chi-square test was used to compare the data referred by parents and daughters; agreement percentage (kappa values) were calculated. A prespecified order test was performed to the answers given and evaluated by occurrence rates (Bartholomew's test). In the latter analysis there were significant differences (p < 0.001) between the answer given by the parents, daughter and the confirmed blood glucose values. No differences were found between what the parents said, nor in what they said and what the daughters answered.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1994

[Occupational cancers: notification, compensation and prevention].

Less than 140 occupational cancers (OC) are compensated every year in France although the incidence is estimated for at least 6,000 new cases, as estimated by the epidemiologists (4% of the mortality by cancers). This situation can be explained by different factors: few compensation claims by the patients or families, frequent lack of interest from medical doctors for relation between cancer and work, occurrence of the OC after retirement, difficulty to distinguish the role of occupational factors from individual comportmental factors in many OC (for ex. a lung cancer hitting a smoker). The consequences of such a situation are multiple: no compensation for more than 95% of patients or relatives, taking for granted that OC is a minor problem, insufficient prevention of the carcinogenic factors on the work place, prevention of cancers restricted to individual comportmental changes. Physicians working in cancerology units have to incite their patients in notifying the OC and help them in compensation claims. They have also to ask for epidemiologic and toxicologic research when clusters of OC are identified in a plant, in order to get better prevention, compensation and regulations.

Female↗