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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Optic neuritis as the first sign of multiple sclerosis].

BACKGROUND: Optic neuritis (ON) is as the initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis (SM) a favourable prognostic factor during the subsequent course. OBJECTIVE: To assess the ratio of ON at the onset of SM in the authors patients and to assess according to clinical criteria the form of disease and degree of functional inability, expressed by Kurtzke s EDSS scale. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of patients with clinically defined and probable SM (Poser s criteria)) hospitalized at the neurological clinic in 1987-2000 the authors investigated the incidence of ON in relation to the course and form of SM. In individual patients they evaluated the age at the onset of the first manifestations of SM, the form, duration and degree of functional inability in EDSS. These findings were compared in groups of patients with incipient ON and without ON at the onset of SM (non-ON). RESULTS: ON as an isolated initial symptom of SM was present in 29 (18.2%) of the total number of 159 patients. The mean age at the time of the initial ON was 27.9 years which is as compared with the non-ON group of SM patients by 2.8 years less. Patients with isolated ON at the onset had the resulting general affection by 2 grades EDDSS lower than the non-ON and it was recorded in 73% cases with a relapse-remitting course of SM. The secondary progressive form of the disease accounted for 27% and the primary progressive form was not found. CONCLUSION: ON as the initial manifestation of SM is a favourable prognostic factor during the subsequent clinical course of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunogenetics of optic neuritis in children with multiple sclerosis].

The aim of the work was to study immunogenetic peculiarities of optic neuritis in children with MS. Using PCR-SSP technique genomic typing was performed on HLA DRB1 gene (chromosome 6p21) of 56 unrelated children with ON registered at least once in clinically verified MS. 264 adult MS patients and 328 healthy controls from the same stratum of population were also genotyped. A very strong correlation of MS with DR15 (DRB1*150 ... alleles) was observed in comparison with healthy cases in the above population. In 39 cases of children with ON and MS both parents were also genotyped and the rate of their DRB1 haplotypes transmitted (patients) and non-transmitted (control cases) to their sick children were compared in accordance with affected family-based (AFBAC) method. A very strong correlation of demielinating disease with DRB1*150 ... alleles was verified. Transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) was carried out to analyze correlation in selected families consisting of one sick child and two parents at least one of whom was heterozygous for DR15. The difference observed in transmission from these parents of DR15 alleles and alternative DRB1 alleles was extremely great providing obvious evidence for correlation of DR15 (DRB1*150...) alleles and susceptibility of children to ON and MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Unusual intranuclear filaments in the circulating lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.

Mononuclear cells obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis (ON) were examined by electron microscopy. Unusual intranuclear filaments identical with the so-called paramyxovirus-like filaments were found in circulating lymphocytes from 5 patients with MS and 3 with ON. They were observed in 0.1 to 0.5% of the mononuclear cells. Electron microscopy of the blood cells from 5 other patients with ON, 3 patients with neurologic diseases other than MS, and 4 normal subjects failed to reveal similar structures. The filaments were also absent from blood cells from blood cells from normal subjects during the process of autolysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Expression and significance of integrin alpha6beta4 in experimental allergic neuritis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of the integrin alpha6beta4 in experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) and the relationship of the integrin alpha6beta4 with functional states of Schwann cells (Sc) as well as the injury and repair of the myelin during EAN. METHODS: EAN was induced in Lewis rats and sciatic nerves were resected in 18 EAN and 3 normal rats. The expression of tissue integrin alpha6beta4 was analyzed during the course of EAN induction and in controls by in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: The detection of integrin alpha6 and beta4 subunit by hybridization in situ demonstrated that expression of alpha6 subunit present no significant changes during the course of EAN, while expression of beta4 declined in the early phase, showing less positive signals than those of the control, and restored its expression in the later or recovery phase. The changes of expression of integrin alpha6 and beta4 in EAN were confirmed by semi-quantitative PT-PCR, using GAPDH as the internal standard. CONCLUSIONS: The degeneration and injury of Sc caused by inflammation affect the expression of integrin, which shows similar changes in Sc during embryogenesis, indicating alpha6beta4 may be a marker of Sc differentiation and at least an important molecule to mark the course of EAN. The expression of alpha6beta4 correlate with the injury and repair of myelin during EAN.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Prevention and therapy of experimental autoimmune neuritis by an antibody against T cell receptors-alpha/beta.

The mAb R73 directed to the TCR-alpha/beta of rat lymphocytes was tested for its therapeutic potential during the effector phase of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats. EAN can be actively induced by immunization with bovine peripheral nerve myelin, bovine P2 protein, or a peptide containing its neuritogenic epitope and serves as a model of the human Guilain-Barré syndrome. Adoptive transfer of activated P2-specific T lymphocytes also produces the monophasic disease (AT-EAN) characterized by inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves and highlights the central role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of EAN. A single administration of the mAb R73 immediately after injection of activated P2-specific T line cells completely prevented the development of clinical and electrophysiologic signs of EAN in most animals and greatly alleviated the disease in the others. In further experiments mAb R73 was applied after the appearance of first clinical signs of EAN actively induced by immunization with a neuritogenic peptide or bovine peripheral nerve myelin. In both cases the anti-TCR-alpha/beta mAb reversed clinical signs of EAN and prevented the development of peripheral nerve dysfunction. In vivo and in vitro data suggest that impairment of Ag recognition and T cell function by occupancy of the TCR and R73-induced TCR-modulation rather than depletion of TCR-alpha/beta-bearing lymphocytes is the decisive mechanism underlying suppression of EAN that is apparent already within 48 h of the first R73 injection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculous osteomyelitis and optic neuritis.

This case report describes a rare instance of bilateral optic papillitis associated with histologically and bacteriologically proven tubercular osteomyelitis of the right sphenoid and temporal bone of the orbit in a 30-year-old woman. This case also highlights the usefulness of computerized axial tomography of the orbits, skull, and paranasal sinuses to evaluate optic neuritis and its pathophysiology in the event of no obvious cause or contributing systemic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A suprasellar meningioma simulating atypical retrobulbar optic neuritis.

A 39-year-old female came with the chief complaint of acute decrease of left eye vision for the past 2 weeks. No history of systemic diseases or headache was complained. The visual acuity of the left eye was "hand motion", and rapidly responded to methylprednisolone therapy in 3 days. On tapering oral prednisolone, the visual acuity decreased again from 20/20 to light perception in the left eye. The magnetic resonance image (MRI) study showed a large suprasellar mass. The patient underwent craniotomy and removal of the tumor successfully, and the pathological report turned out to be a meningioma. The visual acuity of the left eye remained poor after the surgery. In conclusion, neuroimaging study is necessary in every case of presumed retrobulbar optic neuritis which shows atypical course. Early detection of a brain tumor may save the vision of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The Aulhorn flicker test: possibilities and limits. Its use in optic neuritis for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, monitoring the course of the disease, and assessing the effect of oral prednisolone.

The Aulhorn flicker test, which measures subjective brightness in relation to flicker frequency, is of high specificity (98%) and sensitivity (85.5%) in active optic neuritis (ON). The test has proved to be valuable in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ON and in monitoring the course of the disease. The first part of this paper gives an overview based on more than 10 years of experience and on the evaluation of more than 1000 eyes, 250 of them with active ON. The possibilities and limits of the test are analyzed. The second part of the paper presents new results of a prospective, randomized, and controlled treatment study. The Aulhorn flicker test was used to determine whether a prednisolone effect would be assessable by means of this subtle parameter. A total of 50 patients were treated orally with either methylprednisolone (100 mg/day initially) or vitamin B1 (100 mg/day), 38 of them in a double-blind fashion. Although a trend toward faster recovery in favor of prednisolone treatment was noted, no long-term benefit was observed after 1 year.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical peculiarities of optic neuritis and alterations of local immune response in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe organic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting mostly young people. Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the first manifestations of the disease in approximately 75% of cases. The autoimmune reactions to myelin antigens play a key role in ON pathogenesis of MS. The pro- and anti-inflammatory unbalance is the most important factor of the origin, development and stabilization of CNS changes. Presented are the data on alterations of the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IF-gamma and antibodies to MBP and anti DNA in patient's tears. The clinical peculiarities of ON in MS correlating with immunological alterations are established.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CNS MR and CT findings associated with a clinical presentation of herpetic acute retinal necrosis and herpetic retrobulbar optic neuritis: five HIV-infected and one non-infected patients.

INTRODUCTION: This report demonstrates the spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities observed on MR imaging and CT studies in 6 patients with clinical or pathologic diagnoses of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and retrobulbar optic neuritis (RBON-H) resulting from Herpes Zoster Virus and Cytomegalovirus. We discuss the etiologic and pathophysiologic implications regarding these findings. METHODS: Standard MR imaging sequences of the whole brain and selected high-resolution images of the orbits and globes, from 6 patients, were reviewed by three neuroradiologists for consensus interpretation of the findings. Special sequences augmenting disease were obtained in individual cases. Axial CT images were obtained from two patients using 5mm sequential slices. RESULTS: MR imaging findings showed both T2 signal brightening and contrast enhancement in one or both optic nerves, optic tracts and lateral geniculate bodies, as well as the postsynaptic optic radiations and optic cortex. Similar findings were observed in the superior colliculus, lateral midbrain and cerebellum, with multiple potential etiologic possibilities regarding pathways of dissemination. Low T2* signal (indicating magnetic field susceptibility effects) and CT hyperdensity, consistent with prior hemorrhage, were also observed in the optic tracts, optic radiations and lateral geniculate bodies. Post-contrast enhancement was observed in the meninges and Meckle's cave in one HIV negative patient. CONCLUSION: These cases demonstrate CNS imaging findings associated with RBON that are temporally-related to ARN. They support the hypothesis that RBON can either precede or follow ARN and implicate transneuronal, transsynaptic and/or transcerebrospinal fluid viral spread by the herpetic family.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2004

Increased expression of osteopontin in the spinal cords of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis.

To investigate the pattern of expression of osteopontin (OPN) in tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) responding to peripheral immunological stimulation, the expression of OPN was studied in the spinal cord of rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). In this model system, the sciatic nerves and spinal nerve roots are the target organs of EAN and the spinal cord is a remote organ that may be indirectly affected. OPN was constitutively expressed in some astrocytes adjacent to the pia mater and neurons in normal rats. In rats with EAN, OPN was increased in the same cells and in some inflammatory cells, including macrophages in the subarachnoid space. Expression of CD44, a receptor of OPN, was weak in normal spinal cord tissue and increased in the entire spinal cord parenchyma in rats with EAN, as well as in inflammatory cells. These findings suggest that inflammatory cells as well as reactive astrocytes are major sources of OPN and CD44 in the spinal cord of rats with EAN. Further study is needed to elucidate the functional role of OPN in the spinal cord affected by EAN.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The incidence of optic neuritis in Split-Dalmatia county, Croatia.

The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of monosymptomatic optic neuritis (MON) in residents of Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. The 127 cases (83 female, aged 26.2+/-9.9 and 44 male aged 26.9+/-11.2) with MON presented between January 1985 and December 2001 were analyzed from hospital data. The annual incidence was 1.6 per 100,000 (95% CI, 0-3). The incidence among females was 2.2 (95% CI, 0-4.6) cases / 100,000 per year and 1.1 (95% CI, 0-3) among males. The difference in incidence rates for women vs. men was not significant (chi2=0.41; p=0.52), although it is more likely that a true difference exists. The peak incidence in both sexes observed in the group 20-29 years of age was 4.2 (95% CI, 0-10). The highest incidence of MON was found in spring (46 cases). In summary, the incidence of MON in Split-Dalmatia County during the 17 years period is relatively low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Visual functions in optic neuritis].

The authors present results of retrospective study of 25 patients with the first attack of acute optic neuritis followed at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Hradec Králové. Visual functions were deteriorated in all patients. Visual acuity was in range between 0.8 to hand movement. Central scotoma was present in 12 patients, other visual field patterns were seen in 13 patients. Complete recovery of visual functions was observed in 24 patients during the six months. Patients were examined for signs of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the group without MS (15 patients) were three treated with steroids (2 received intravenous methylprednisolone and 1 oral prednisone before referral to us), vitamins were administered to the others. The patients with proved MS were managed at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

[A case of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis clinically suggestive of brachial neuritis].

A 55-year-old man complained of acute onset of shoulder pain and dyspnea in the supine position. A diagnosis of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was made based on clinical inspection of his breathing pattern, radiographic appearance, and pulmonary function tests. He had had no traumatic or thoracic surgery or inflammatory episode. He did not suffer from diabetes, other central neural diseases, or any neoplastic disease. From the clinical feature and electromyographic findings, phrenic nerve involvement of brachial neuritis without any other muscle involvement was considered as a causative disease. When he received non-invasive intermittent positive-pressure ventilation by nasal mask in a supine position, his dyspnea was substantially attenuated and Carbon dioxide retention was lessened. After 1 year, his shoulder pain is still persisting and radiographic findings are not remarkably improved.

Brachial Plexus Neuritis↗
PubMed2005

Multiple sclerosis in childhood: presenting as bilateral optic neuritis.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of adolescence and middle age. Though rare, it is being increasingly recognized in younger population. We describe two patients in whom multiple sclerosis was diagnosed before 10 years of age. Both patients had bilateral optic neuritis during the course of their illness with partial recovery; other lesions in the neuraxis recovered reasonably well.

Age of Onset↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Asymmetric optokinetic afterresponse in patients with vestibular neuritis.

The symmetry of primary and secondary optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN I and OKAN II, respectively) was studied in 14 patients with vestibular neuritis, as well as in 50 normals. The patients were examined at onset of symptoms and at follow-up 3 and 12 months later. At onset, OKAN was found mainly to reflect the spontaneous nystagmus. Although the spontaneous nystagmus disappeared in all patients within 3 months, both OKAN I and OKAN II was asymmetric at the 3- and 12-month check-ups. OKAN beating toward the lesioned ear was weaker than the OKAN beating toward the healthy ear. Thus, the asymmetric vestibular function was reflected not only in the OKAN I, but also by an asymmetry in OKAN II. Between the 3- and 12-month check-ups, asymmetry in OKAN declined, even among those patients who showed no improvement in caloric response during that time. The decreasing asymmetry in OKAN with time after lesion was, however, related to the disappearance of a positional nystagmus. Hence, the results may be interpreted as suggesting OKAN not only to be affected by vestibular side-difference, but also to be modified by the process responsible for vestibular compensation following a peripheral vestibular lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[A case of optic neuritis associated with Crohn's disease].

In Crohn's disease, neurologic complications such as cerebrovascular accident, headache, peripheral neuropathy have been reported sporadically. The pathogenesis of these neurologic complications is still unknown and controversial. We experienced a 22-year-old man, with Crohn's disease accompanied by optic neuritis. Loss of visual acuity was developed during the worsening course of enterocutaneous fistula. After high dose steroid treatment, his visual acuity and neurologic symptoms improved immediately.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunosuppressive effect of gramicidin S on experimental ocular neuritis and allergic encephalomyelitis.

Investigations were carried out on the immunosuppressive effect of gramicidin S (GrS), a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus brevis, on the onset of experimental ocular neuritis and allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats immunized with rat brain homogenates. The criteria for evaluation of the drug effect were changes in body weight, activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNPase), clinical manifestations such as paralysis of lower extremities and histopathological changes. Clinical symptoms and body weight reduction were effectively prevented by GrS treatment of immunized animals. The activity of the myelin marker enzyme CNPase was markedly decreased in the lumbar spinal cord of encephalitogen-immunized animals on day 16 (ie 16 days after immunization) and the decrease of enzymatic activity was partially prevented by GrS administration. On the other hand, the CNPase activity of the retrobulbar optic nerve of inoculated animals remained essentially the same as that of healthy control animals, although inflammatory changes were prominent in the optic nerve. Histopathological changes observed in the optic nerve and spinal cord of diseased animals were virtually absent in GrS-treated animals. A possible mechanism of the immunosuppressive activity of GrS is discussed.

2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase↗