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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Dynamic XML-based exchange of relational data: application to the Human Brain Project.

This paper discusses an approach to exporting relational data in XML format for data exchange over the web. We describe the first real-world application of SilkRoute, a middleware program that dynamically converts existing relational data to a user-defined XML DTD. The application, called XBrain, wraps SilkRoute in a Java Server Pages framework, thus permitting a web-based XQuery interface to a legacy relational database. The application is demonstrated as a query interface to the University of Washington Brain Project's Language Map Experiment Management System, which is used to manage data about language organization in the brain.

Brain↗
PubMed2004

Expression and localization studies of hSDA, the human ortholog of the yeast SDA1 gene.

The yeast SDA1 gene was reported to play a critical role in G(1) events and to be involved in 60S ribosome biogenesis. Although the basic cellular mechanisms appear conserved from yeast to man, the human genes may have more diversified functions. In this view we obtained the first experimental evidences about the human ortholog of the yeast SDA1, i.e., hSDA. The gene is localized at the chromosomal region 4q21 and encodes for a 627a.a. long protein highly homologous to the yeast Sda1. Subcellular localization experiments indicate that the human protein behaves similarly to nucleolar proteins involved in rRNA processing machinery but not in RNA PolI transcriptional events. hSda appears localized in the granular component of the nucleolus and in the nucleoplasm, which is consistent with a role in early-intermediate steps of ribosome biogenesis. hSDA appears preferentially expressed in fetal tissues, pinpointing its role during development. Different expression levels in different tumor cell lines might suggest that the gene is involved also in tumorigenesis. However our preliminary results indicate that hSDA does not behave like a proapoptotic gene and its involvement in tumorigenesis is still to be clarified.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2005

[Prostate cancer: update].

The study of mitotic transduction of the signal showed that overexpression of pAkt and reduction in pERK expression would be associated a biological relapse. For tumors T1-3 N0M0 at the high risk of local relapse after prostatectomy, an immediate radiotherapy compared with a differed radiotherapy (at the time of PSA relapse), showed a significant reduction in the rate of local relapse and an ameliorated progression free survival. The effectiveness of the docetaxel was confirmed in two phase III randomized clinical trials : TAX-327 with 3 arms compared docetaxel every 21 days, docetaxel every 7 days and mitoxantrone. All arms were prednisone-based. An increase in overall survival, PSA progression free survival, PSA response rate and a pain reduction were highlighted in the docetaxel arm every 21 days. Docetaxel obtained at the end of this study the marketing authorization in this indication and became the treatment of reference. The SWOG 99-16 study compared the docetaxel estramustine association with the same arm of reference, mitoxantrone and prednisone, with similar results. The addition of estramustine to the docetaxel seems to improve the PSA response rate and progression free survival, but with a greater embolic toxicity. The addition of an antiangiogenic agent, the thalidomide, to docetaxel, improves progression free survival and overall survival. PSA responses were observed with an inhibitor of the proteasome, the bortezomib, in monotherapy, contrary to the imatinib which in monotherapy didn't have any effectiveness. Studies in association with docetaxel are ongoing. Some biological responses were observed with a vaccine anti MUC-1 and must be confirmed on a greater series of patients. The docetaxel impact on localized disease is actually evaluated.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1991

Influence of aberrant observations on high-resolution linkage analysis outcomes.

Because of the availability of efficient, user-friendly computer analysis programs, the construction of multilocus human genetic maps has become commonplace. At the level of resolution at which most of these maps have been developed, the methods have proved to be robust. This may not be true in the construction of high-resolution linkage maps (3-cM interlocus resolution or less). High-resolution meiotic maps, by definition, have a low probability of recombination occurring in an interval. As such, even low frequencies of errors in typing (1.5% or less) may influence mapping outcomes. To investigate the influence of aberrant observations on high-resolution maps, a Monte Carlo simulation analysis of multipoint linkage data was performed. Introduction of error was observed to reduce power to discriminate orders, dramatically inflate map length, and provide significant support for incorrect over correct orders. These results appear to be due to the misclassification of nonrecombinant gametes as multiple recombinants. Chi 2-Like goodness-of-fit analysis appears to be quite sensitive to the appearance of misclassified gametes, providing a simple test for aberrant data sets. Multiple pairwise likelihood analysis appears to be less sensitive than does multipoint analysis and may serve as a check for map validity.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

Nomenclature for synthetic peptides representative of immunoglobulin chain sequences. WHO-IUIS Nomenclature Sub-Committee.

The source (species of origin), type, and subgroup (where applicable) of the immunoglobulin chain are indicated prior to the numbers of the first and last amino acid residues comprising the synthesized sequence (stated in parentheses), e.g., human gamma 1 (289-298) or rat epsilon (143-147). Square brackets indicate that the peptide is an analogue; substituted amino acids are identified by the three-letter code; superscripted numbers indicating the residue at which the substitution, removal or addition occurs. Further substitutions are specified within round brackets. For example, human gamma 1 (289-298) [D-Thr298] and human gamma 1 (289-298) [Asn (CHO)297].

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Use of phase images in radionuclide ventriculography for topical diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and sources of pathologic rhythm of the heart ventricles].

The paper presents the results of the mapping of various types of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and ventricular arrhythmias by using phase images of radionuclide ventriculograms as compared to 12 leads and electrophysiological studies. Phase images are a highly informative method that supplements an electrophysiological study in the topical diagnosis of abnormal tracts and ventricular arrhythmias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Consequences of maternal cocaine on cerebral microvascular functions in piglets.

Maternal cocaine abuse is associated with fetal and neonatal neurological abnormalities. Prolonged exposure to cocaine can induce blood flow disorders, growth restriction, and hypoxia in the newborn. We investigated the impact of chronic fetal cocaine exposure on cerebral microvascular reactivity and autonomic function in the piglets. Pregnant pigs received cocaine (1 mg/kg i.v.; twice weekly) or saline throughout the last trimester. Prenatal exposure to cocaine did not have any significant effect on the birth weight of the piglets as compared to the control. Following delivery, effects of recurrent prenatal cocaine exposure on cerebral microvascular functions were examined in piglets (3-6 days old). Pial arteriolar responses to applications of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and clonidine were examined using closed cranial windows. Functional effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pial arteriolar diameter induced by intracisternal injection (i.c.) of clonidine (1 microg/kg) were also determined. Topical applications of 5-HT, ET-1, and clonidine dose-dependently decreased pial arteriolar diameter in the control and these constrictions were significantly enhanced in the in utero cocaine-exposed piglets. Prenatal cocaine exposure did not have any significant effects on the resting MAP and heart rate as there were no differences between the groups. IC clonidine caused sustained decrease in MAP in both groups but the decrease was more pronounced in the cocaine than the control group. IC clonidine causes cerebral microvascular dilation coincident with the development of hypotension. Such dilation was severely attenuated in the cocaine group, even though the hypotension was much more pronounced than in the control. In conclusion, prenatal cocaine exposure resulted in attenuated autoregulatory vasodilation and potentiated responses to vasoconstrictor agents. The mechanisms behind the effects of in utero cocaine exposure on alteration of newborn cerebral functions need further investigation. Such actions may be important in development of cerebral pathologies associated with recurrent prenatal cocaine exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The nomenclature, definition and classification of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

The hypoplastic left heart syndrome encompasses a spectrum of cardiac malformations that are characterized by significant underdevelopment of the components of the left heart and the aorta, including the left ventricular cavity and mass. At the severe end of the spectrum is found the combination of aortic and mitral atresia, when the left ventricle can be close to non-existent. At the mild end are the patients with hypoplasia of the aortic and mitral valves, but without intrinsic valvar stenosis or atresia, and milder degrees of left ventricular hypoplasia. Although the majority of the patients are suitable only for functionally univentricular repair, a small minority may be candidates for biventricular repair. The nature of the syndrome was a topic for discussion at the second meeting of the International Working Group for Mapping and Coding of Nomenclatures for Paediatric and Congenital Heart Disease, the Nomenclature Working Group, held in Montreal, Canada, over the period January 17 through 19, 2003. Subsequent to these discussions, the Nomenclature Working Group was able to create a bidirectional crossmap between the nomenclature initially produced jointly on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and the alternative nomenclature developed on behalf of the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology. This process is a part of the overall efforts of the Nomenclature Working Group to create a comprehensive and all-inclusive international system of nomenclature for paediatric and congenital cardiac disease, the International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code. In this review, we discuss the evolution of nomenclature and surgical treatment for the spectrum of lesions making up the hypoplastic left heart syndrome and its related malformations. We also present the crossmap of the associated terms for diagnoses and procedures, as recently completed by the Nomenclature Working Group.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

Is there a reciprocal connection between the red nucleus and the interposed cerebellar nuclei? Conclusions based on observations of anterograde and retrograde transport of peroxidase-labelled lectin in the same animal.

The rubrointerposital projection was studied in cats where wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was implanted in various parts of the interposed nuclei. No retrogradely labelled rubral cells were observed following implantations in the posterior interposed nucleus, and only very few such cells were identified in the contralateral red nucleus after implantations restricted to the anterior interposed nucleus with no contamination of cerebellar white matter or cortex. However, when WGA-HRP was delivered by a pressure injection, which in addition to the anterior interposed nucleus included the adjacent white cerebellar matter along the needle track and the overlying cortex, many retrogradely labelled cells were present contralaterally in the magnocellular red nucleus, with some also found in its rostral parvicellular part. The same observation was made when injection of free HRP exceeded the boundaries of the anterior interposed nucleus. These observations indicate that there is a negligible projection from the red nucleus to the contralateral interposed cerebellar nuclei. What has been considered to be rubrointerposital cerebellar fibres probably is the projection to the cerebellar cortex (Exp. Brain Res., 50 (1983) 353-358). Anterogradely labelled fibres could be followed from the implantations in the posterior interposed nucleus to a medial crescent of the entire contralateral red nucleus. Caudal as well as rostral parts of the posterior interposed nucleus project into the same area of the red nucleus. Implantations restricted to the anterior interposed nucleus label a projection to the contralateral magnocellular red nucleus which is topographically organized. The caudal part of the anterior interposed nucleus projects to the dorsomedial portion of the magnocellular red nucleus, the rostral part to its ventrolateral portion. In addition, a mediolateral organization in the anterior interposed nucleus coincides with a caudorostral arrangement in the red nucleus. This topical arrangement corresponds to what has previously been observed in cat and monkey, but due to the small implantation sites used in the present study a more precise mapping of the projection has been obtained. Furthermore, our implantations of WGA-HRP into the red nucleus show especially well the latter topical arrangement in the projection. The observations mentioned above are discussed and related to previous studies of the rubrocerebellar and cerebellorubral projections.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

GrainGenes 2.0. an improved resource for the small-grains community.

GrainGenes (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov) is an international database for genetic and genomic information about Triticeae species (wheat [Triticum aestivum], barley [Hordeum vulgare], rye [Secale cereale], and their wild relatives) and oat (Avena sativa) and its wild relatives. A major strength of the GrainGenes project is the interaction of the curators with database users in the research community, placing GrainGenes as both a data repository and information hub. The primary intensively curated data classes are genetic and physical maps, probes used for mapping, classical genes, quantitative trait loci, and contact information for Triticeae and oat scientists. Curation of these classes involves important contributions from the GrainGenes community, both as primary data sources and reviewers of published data. Other partially automated data classes include literature references, sequences, and links to other databases. Beyond the GrainGenes database per se, the Web site incorporates other more specific databases, informational topics, and downloadable files. For example, unique BLAST datasets of sequences applicable to Triticeae research include mapped wheat expressed sequence tags, expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats, and repetitive sequences. In 2004, the GrainGenes project migrated from the AceDB database and separate Web site to an integrated relational database and Internet resource, a major step forward in database delivery. The process of this migration and its impacts on database curation and maintenance are described, and a perspective on how a genomic database can expedite research and crop improvement is provided.

Breeding↗
PubMed1995

Construction of a cloning vector from a naturally occurring plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium.

A naturally occurring plasmid isolated from a drug-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium (993) has been used to construct a plasmid vector for cloning in a wild strain of Salmonella. The strain (993) contains at least two plasmids. The smaller plasmid (9 kb) contains an ampicillin-resistant marker, while the larger one (25 kb) is cryptic. Physical mapping of the 9-kb plasmid and construction of a 3.5-kb derivative have been carried out. This plasmid has been used for cloning in a restriction+modification+strain of S. typhimurium using a conventional calcium chloride method. It exhibited better efficiency of transformation than other commonly used plasmids such as pBR322 or its derivatives and transformants were found to be stable in the absence of antibiotic selection. The vector is compatible with pBR322 and can be used to study the expression of cloned genes in minicells.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed2003

A caudorostral wave of RALDH2 conveys anteroposterior information to the cardiac field.

Establishment of anteroposterior (AP) polarity is one of the earliest decisions in cardiogenesis and plays an important role in the coupling between heart and blood vessels. Recent research implicated retinoic acid (RA) in the communication of AP polarity to the heart. We utilized embryo culture, in situ hybridization, morphometry, fate mapping and treatment with the RA pan-antagonist BMS493 to investigate the relationship between cardiac precursors and RA signalling. We describe two phases of AP signalling by RA, reflected in RALDH2 expression. The first phase (HH4-7) is characterized by increasing proximity between sino-atrial precursors and the lateral mesoderm expressing RALDH2. In this phase, RA signalling is consistent with diffusion of the morphogen from a large field rather than a single hot spot. The second phase (HH7-8) is characterized by progressive encircling of cardiac precursors by a field of RALDH2 originating from a dynamic and evolutionary-conserved caudorostral wave pattern in the lateral mesoderm. At this phase, cardiac AP patterning by RA is consistent with localized action of RA by regulated activation of the Raldh2 gene within an embryonic domain. Systemic treatment with BMS493 altered the cardiac fate map such that ventricular precursors were found in areas normally devoid of them. Topical application of BMS493 inhibited atrial differentiation in left anterior lateral mesoderm. Identification of the caudorostral wave of RALDH2 as the endogenous source of RA establishing cardiac AP fates provides a useful model to approach the mechanisms whereby the vertebrate embryo confers axial information on its organs.

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗