Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lymphocyte Subsets”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in allergic and irritant patch test reactions: histometric studies.

This study has attempted to distinguish between allergic and irritant reactions to patch tests by semiquantitative histological methods. The extent of perivascular chronic inflammatory infiltrate at 72 h in irritant patch test reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate was shown to be small and very consistent, whereas in allergic reactions to nickel sulphate it was generally larger and more variable in size (p less than 0.02). The two major lymphocyte subsets (T4 and T8) were randomly intermixed in both types of reaction and formed the major component of both the perivascular and diffuse dermal infiltrate, without any evidence of selective migration. The T4:T8 ratios were similar in focal and diffuse infiltrates. The number of T6 dendritic (putative Langerhans) cells in the epidermis (per mm inner epidermal length) was usually greatly reduced in irritant reactions (5-16 mm-1, mean 10 mm-1) but remained within normal limits in allergic reactions (6-33 mm-1, mean 21 mm-1) (p less than 0.001). Comparable results were seen with other irritants (mercuric chloride and benzalkonium chloride) and other allergens (neomycin sulphate, ethylene diamine and potassium dichromate). In additional experiments, pairs of biopsies were taken from the reaction and from adjacent unaffected skin. The T6 cell density in the epidermis did not significantly differ between allergic reactions and control skin. By contrast, the irritant reactions had fewer T6 cells than the control skin (p less than 0.001).

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1989

Lymphocyte subsets in normal human bone marrow harvested for routine clinical transplantation.

Bone marrow and peripheral blood of 25 healthy bone marrow donors from our allogeneic bone marrow transplantation program were assessed for cell subsets bearing T11(CD2), T4(CD4), T8(CD8), B1(CD20) J5(CALLA, CD10), Mo1(CD11b), MY7(CD13). Mo2(CD14), MY9(CD33) and NKH-1 antigens. Bone marrow cell samples were taken for analysis at the start or at the end of the harvesting procedure of aspiration from the iliac crest. All samples were analysed on a flow cytometer at the lymphocyte window as obtained on the two-parameter (L90oLSxFALS) scatter diagram. There were no differences in the lymphocyte subset composition of bone marrow samples taken at the start or at the end of the harvesting procedure. In contrast to the majority of literature data, a high CD4/CD8 ratio was detected in bone marrow samples: it did not differ from that in the peripheral blood. The proportions of CD2 and CD4 T cell markers in the bone marrow correlated with those in the peripheral blood, thus further documenting a substantial bone marrow contamination with peripheral blood cells. A relatively large aspirate volume (4-5 ml) obtained from individual aspiration sites was identified as the only factor possibly accounting for the high-level contamination of bone marrow samples with peripheral blood. This conclusion was corroborated by low T cell proportions and low CD4/CD8 ratios found in the bone marrow washed from bone fragments and in bone marrow samples aspirated at first bone puncture in a volume of 1.0 ml. Taken together, these findings imply that less vigorous suction may decrease the number of T lymphocytes in bone marrow harvested for transplantation purposes.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1996

Use of Antiviral T-Lymphocyte Clones to Characterize Antigen Presentation and T-Lymphocyte Subsets

The ability to isolate homogeneous populations of antiviral T lymphocytes from immune mice has led to insight into a variety of areas in cellular immunology. It has permitted the characterization of the distinct pathways of antigen processing and presentation to CD8(+), Class I MHC-restricted and CD4(+), Class II MHC-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes as well as the identification of antigenic epitopes for T lymphocytes. In addition, in vivo effector function of CD8(+) and CD4(+) cytolytic T-cell clones in protection from lethal viral pneumonia in a murine model of influenza virus infection has been demonstrated. Since the identification of CD4(+) T-lymphocyte helper subsets based on the lymphokine profiles of clonal populations, much interest has been focused on the role of specific cytokines in ultimately determining the effector functions of those cells. The protocol presented in this paper has been used to isolate Th1 and Th2 clones in a viral infectious disease model that has enabled us to further investigate the role of specific cytokines in controlling viral infection.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of lymphocyte subsets from mucosal tissues in neonatal swine.

Monitoring differences in lymphocytes during neonatal development constitutes a key to understanding the developing piglet's natural and pathological immune responses. A survey was conducted to accumulate information on the phenotype of lymphocytes isolated from blood, lymph nodes, and lymphoid associated structures of the pig small intestine of conventional pigs from day 1 to 47 of age and inbred miniature pigs between 12 and 82days. The effect of weaning, and age before and after weaning, were also evaluated. Weaning had a significant effect on the number of CD4(+), CD8(+), double positive CD4(+)/CD8(+), CD21(+), deltagammaTCR(+), SWC3(+) and SLA-DQ(+) cells. Aging of the pig before and after weaning resulted in significant changes in lymphocytes isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes and ileal sites. These results constitute an important baseline for studying mucosal immune response of neonatal pigs and identifying factors that influence the ability of the neonate to respond to the stresses and antigenic exposure associated with weaning.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocyte subsets in alcoholic liver disease.

To investigate the role of lymphocytes frequently observed in the parenchyma of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), lymphocytes infiltrating into the liver were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and were quantitatively assessed by a morphometric analysis in 17 patients with ALD and, for comparison in five patients with chronic active hepatitis B (B-CAH). In patients with alcoholic hepatitis, the number of CD8+ lymphocytes in the hepatic lobule was similar to that in patients with B-CAH but was significantly greater than that in alcoholics with hepatic fibrosis (HF). The CD4/CD8 ratio in the hepatic lobule was low in both alcoholic hepatitis and B-CAH compared with that of alcoholic patients with HF. When Mallory bodies (MB) and lymphocytes were simultaneously stained with a specific antibody against MB and MoAb, respectively, only CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were found to have a close contact with MB. These results suggest that in alcoholic hepatitis, hepatocyte necrosis may be partly mediated by immunological mechanisms involving cytotoxic T cells infiltrating into the hepatic lobule.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in lymphocyte subsets after radiotherapy].

Radiation therapy seems to induce depletion of lymphocytes, which are very important cells for immunity response. The lymphocyte phenotype was studied in 41 non-pretreated patients with normal immunological parameters who received postoperative radiation therapy for breast, mediastinal or pelvic cancer with at least 50 Gy/25 fractions. The functional immunological assessment was analyzed by Multiskin test (Merieux) too. The lymphocyte phenotype was determined on whole-blood lysate employing an Ortho double-fluorescence cytofluorimeter. All patients, after radiation treatment, exhibited decrement in absolute and percent lymphocyte subpopulations; the Multiskin test demonstrated simultaneous change in skin-test response. The results are highly significant (p 2-tailed area less than 0.0001) for absolute cells count and skin-delayed response test, but percent variations are not significant when verified by t-test.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Expression of T-cell-activating protein in peripheral lymphocyte subsets.

T-cell-activating protein (TAP) is an allelic 12-kDa membrane protein that participates in T-cell activation. Soluble anti-TAP monoclonal antibodies can trigger antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted T-cell hybridomas to produce interleukin 2 and are mitogenic for normal T cells and thymocytes. TAP is expressed on 10% of thymocytes, which are mainly cortisone-resistant and mature. In the periphery, TAP is expressed on 70% of resting T cells but not on resting B cells. In this report, we analyze in detail the nature of TAP expression on peripheral lymphocyte subsets by immunofluorescence techniques. We show that all inducer (L3T4+) T cells are TAP+. In contrast, only 50% of Lyt-2+ T cells express detectable TAP. Functional studies demonstrated that at least part of the heterogeneity of TAP expression is present in the Lyt-2+ cytolytic T-cell (CTL) subset. Unstimulated CTL precursors are TAP- but are induced to express TAP in the effector state. Furthermore, this reflects actual synthesis of TAP, as TAP is detectable on activated Lyt-2+ CTLs passaged in vitro under conditions where passive acquisition can be ruled out. To extend this observation, we have studied the expression of TAP on activated T and B cells. Upon activation, all T and B cells became TAP+. Furthermore, the TAP molecules on B and T cells are indistinguishable by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This suggests that TAP expression defines further heterogeneity of lymphocytes, with activation being one parameter influencing its expression.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets on prognosis and susceptibility to interferon therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Immunotherapy effectively treats advanced renal cell carcinoma in only a limited number of patients. However, the predicted prognosis for each patient in relation to immune status and response to immunotherapy remains problematic. We analyzed tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets to determine whether these correlated with the prognoses for the patients and the response to alpha-interferon therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TIL subsets from resected specimens of 79 patients were analyzed by two-color flow cytometry and then compared with the patients' long-term clinical courses and responses to interferon therapy. RESULTS: In patients with stages III and IV, an increased infiltration of CD4+ cells and decreased CD8+ cells constituted a fair prognostic factor. In 17 patients with metastatic lesions, 8 of 10 patients who had disease progression after interferon therapy showed an increase in CD8+ cells above 25%, whereas 2 responders and 5 patients who had stable disease showed infiltration of CD8+ cells below 25%. CONCLUSIONS: The TIL subset is a prognostic factor for advanced renal cell carcinoma, and its analysis provides a method to predict the susceptibility to interferon therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

T-suppressor cells sensitive to cyclophosphamide and to its in vitro active derivative 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide control the mitogenic response of murine splenic B cells to dextran sulfate. A direct proof for different sensitivities of lymphocyte subsets to cyclophosphamide.

As measured by [(3)H]thymidine uptake, spleen cells of mice injected 7 d previously with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) (125 mg x kg (-1)) gave an enhanced response to dextran sulfate (DS), a diminished response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a normal response to concanavalin A. Addition of syngeneic thymocytes to spleen cells inhibited the enhanced response of the cells to DS and slightly enhanced their response to LPS. Pretreatment of thymocytes by 4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphamide (4HP-Cy) in vitro (an in vitro active derivative of Cy) abrogated the effect of thymocytes on the DS response but not on the LPS response. Pretreatment of spleen cells by small doses of 4HP-Cy (0.1-1.0 mug. ml(-1)) in vitro enhanced the capacity of the cells to respond to DS but either did not affect, or even diminished their capacity to respond to LPS. The enhancement of the DS response by 4HP-Cy treatment could not be detected using spleen cells depleted of T cells or lacking functioning T cells. 4HP-Cy doses more than 3 mug ml(-1) diminished or abolished the capacity of the spleen cells to respond to LPS as well as their capacity to respond to DS. The results show (a) that in contrast to the LPS-reactive B-lymphocyte subset, the proliferative capacity of DS-reactive subset is negatively controlled by a Cy- and 4HP-Cy-sensitive T-cell subset and (b) that these T- suppressor cells are more sensitive to Cy and 4HP-Cy (to their respective active alkylating metabolites) than B lymphocytes and T cells carrying other immunological functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Lymphocyte subsets and macrophages in the male genital tract in health and disease. A monoclonal antibody-based study.

The crucial role of the immune system in the defence against infection and malignancy and its intimate involvement in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of chronic diseases is well established. Although the male genital tract is particularly vulnerable to infection, malignancies and autoimmune disorders which may lead to infertility, our knowledge of the distribution of cells of the immune system in the genital tract is limited. We have therefore investigated this matter using monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte subsets, macrophages and HLA-DR antigens. These studies have revealed a consistent pattern of distribution of the cells of the immune system within the tissues of the male genital tract. Of special interest were the predominance of the T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells in the lining epithelium of the genital tract, the demonstration of macrophages in testicular tissues and the preferential expression of HLA-DR antigens on the lining epithelium. Profound changes in this pattern were noted in clinical specimens examined. These observations throw light both on normal immune homeostatic mechanisms within the male genital tract and the pathogenicity and aetiology of certain genital tract disorders and highlight the potential value of further studies in this area.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

In vitro assays to study role of T cell-derived factors on human B lymphocytes should take into consideration inhibiting effect of large granular lymphocyte subset (CD5-,CD16+) that can contaminate B cell preparations.

In these studies, the inhibitory role of a large granular lymphocyte (LGL) subset (CD5-,CD16+) on pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced B lymphocyte differentiation was examined. CD5-,CD16+ LGL cells are the predominant subset of LGL cells and are possibly distinct from other LGL subsets in that they lack B and T cell markers. CD5-,CD16+ LGL possess abundant FcIgG receptors and previous studies have clearly demonstrated that in the presence of insoluble immune complexes, this LGL subset will inhibit B lymphocyte differentiation in the presence of T cells. In the present studies, we analyzed the inhibiting role of CD5-,CD16+ LGL cells that had not been activated by immune complexes. B + L preparations obtained by removal of E rosette-forming T cells were further depleted of T lymphocytes by complement-dependent lysis of T cells using a monoclonal antibody reactive to total T cells (Leu-1, CD5 antigen, Becton-Dickinson). B lymphocytes in such B + L preparations failed to differentiate into plasma cells containing intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig), in the presence of PWM, T cell-derived helper supernatants (THS), and interleukin-2 (IL-2). However, B cells differentiated under these conditions, when B + L preparations were further depleted of CD5-,CD16+ LGL cells by complement-dependent lysis using a monoclonal antibody (Leu-11) reactive to CD16 antigen of FcIgG receptors present on LGL cells. These studies indicated that CD5-,CD16+ cells unlike the CD8-positive T suppressor cell, will directly inhibit B lymphocyte differentiation into plasmacytoid cells containing intracytoplasmic Ig when T lymphocytes are not present. However, addition of a few T lymphocytes (less than 10%) to purified B + L preparations abrogated the CD5-,CD16+ LGL cell inhibition of B cell differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Extensive analysis of lymphocyte subsets in normal subjects by three-color immunofluorescence.

In the present work, 30 normal controls were studied with 11 combinations of 3 monoclonal antibodies in order to define CD20, CD4, CD8, CD16 and CD56 subsets as well as their activation status. Our results indicated that among B cells, CD5- cells predominated (about 92%), the minor CD5+ fraction showed variations between individuals but sometimes was as high as 20% in B cells; the CD45RA+CD29- subset (naive cells) accounted for 31.56 +/- 10.03% in CD4 cells, as compared to CD4+CD29+CD45RA- (memory cells) (46.54 +/- 10.35%), while CD4+CD29+CD45RA+ (transition cells between naive and memory state) represented 9.6 +/- 5.3% as compared to double-negatives (12.3 +/- 5.24%). Some uncertainties persist in defining CD8 subsets. NK CD8 cells accounted for about 20% of total CD8 according to CD16 and CD56 expression. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes could be delineated by S6F1 (76.22 +/- 11.28% within CD8 cells), though this marker appeared to be expressed by both cytotoxic and NK cells. Phenotypic definition of suppressive CD8 cells remains uncertain despite the fact that suppressor activity was found among CD8 lymphocytes expressing CD11b and probably CD57. NK cells coexpressed CD16 and CD56 markers in about 5% of all lymphocytes, while NK cells expressing CD16 alone accounted about 6%. Exclusive expression of CD56 was found in about 5%. Finally, while activated cells characterized by DR expression represented about 4% of CD4 and 9% of CD8 cells, CD25 appeared to be poorly represented among CD4, CD8 and CD20.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Distinct T lymphocyte subsets affect granulo-monocytic differentiation and proliferation.

Bone marrow culture techniques using semi-solid support-media provide an opportunity to observe granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells proliferating and differentiating in vitro. Cells from the bone marrow and peripheral blood produce specific growth factors which stimulate both the proliferation and differentiation processes (collectively termed colony-stimulating factors or activity, CSF/CSA). Even highly purified CSA induces proliferation and concomitant differentiation suggesting that the two processes are inseparable. We here present evidence to suggest that the two processes are, at least in part, individually regulated. We observed delayed differentiation by morphological, cytochemical and functional criteria in granulocyte-macrophage clones formed in cultures in which the growth stimulus was supplied by marrow or blood cells which have been depleted of T lymphocytes bearing the OKT3/MBG6 antigen(s) by complement lysis. The proliferation stimulus was unaffected. T cell depletion using another monoclonal antibody, OKT11a (which removed an overlapping but not identical population of T cells), did not produce the same effect but did increase the level of CSA produced by the remaining marrow cells. Selective replacement experiments using OKT4+ or OKT8+ cell preparations suggested that removal of an MBG6+, OKT3+, OKT8+, OKT4-lymphocyte subset is responsible for the effect on differentiation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

Role of T lymphocyte subsets in immunity to spotted fever group Rickettsiae.

To evaluate the roles of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in immunity to disseminated endothelial infection with Rickettsia conorii (Malish 7 strain), these T cell subsets were depleted or adoptively transferred into subsequently infected C3H/HeN mice. CD4 T lymphocyte-depleted and sham-depleted mice underwent a similar course of illness with a sublethal rickettsial dose, cleared the infection by day 10, and recovered on days 10 to 11. In contrast, mice depleted of CD8 lymphocytes or CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes died or remained persistently infected through day 15 with the ordinarily sublethal dose. Endothelium was the major site of rickettsial persistence, including sites in the vital organs, brain, and lungs of CD8 lymphocyte-depleted mice. In nondepleted animals, CD8 T lymphocytes were observed in apposition to endothelial cells on day 10 at the time of rickettsial clearance. Adoptive transfer of immune CD4 or CD8 T lymphocytes protected mice against a lethal dose of R. conorii in the disseminated endothelial target model. Nonimmune CD4 or CD8 lymphocytes and immune lymphocytes that had passed through columns that depleted both CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes failed to protect mice against R. conorii. These studies represent the first analysis of the role of T lymphocyte subsets in immunity to spotted fever group rickettsiae and the first demonstration that clearance of spotted fever group rickettsiae from endothelial cells requires immune CD8 T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mouse cytomegalovirus is infectious for rats and alters lymphocyte subsets and spleen cell proliferation.

The Smith strain of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was infectious for infant and mature DA strain laboratory rats as judged by development of neutralizing antibodies and specific spleen cell proliferation on stimulation with MCMV antigen. An i.p. inoculum of 10(6) PFU of MCMV was fatal for more than two-thirds of infant mice (1-7 days of age), and disseminated viral infection was documented by isolation of virus from body organs. In contrast, weanling and adult rats did not become ill as a result of infection with a larger inoculum of 10(7) PFU. However, these older MCMV infected rats did show transient reversals of T helper/suppressor cell ratios and alterations of immune cell function as detected by in vitro spleen cell proliferation assays. Seven days after MCMV infection, there was a generalized increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation by spleen cells in both resting (unstimulated) cultures and cultures exposed to mitogens (Con A, PHA, LPS) and to MCMV antigen. At 14 days, the spleen cell proliferation in the unstimulated cultures returned to normal but was depressed compared to controls in response to Con A. These observations show that laboratory rats are susceptible to MCMV infection and that asymptomatic infection may occur and cause transient alterations in lymphocyte subsets and in their reactivity to mitogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Methylprednisolone therapy in aplastic anaemia: correlation of in vitro tests and lymphocyte subsets with clinical response.

20 patients with aplastic anaemia were treated with methylprednisolone 1 g/d for 3 d followed by prednisolone 60 mg on alternate days. At 3 months after therapy, 7 of 20 patients (35%) showed recovery, 2 had died and 11 were non-responders. Only newly diagnosed patients were responders. Results of in vitro tests were correlated with clinical response. The first test was designed to determine whether removing various subpopulation of cells would increase the numbers of progenitor cells. In the second test blood cells were collected at 1 month after starting treatment and assayed for progenitor cells. Data from both tests did not correlate with the response to therapy. Lymphocyte subsets were measured in the blood before and at 1 month after treatment. The absolute numbers of OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells were significantly decreased compared to the normal population. The number of HNK1+ cells was also decreased but no significant difference was observed. Responders had a higher number of HNK1+ cells compared to non-responders. No significant differences of OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells among responders and non-responders were observed. Therefore a high number of HNK1+ cells prior to therapy may identify patients responding to the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Panleucogating as an accurate and affordable flow cytometric protocol to analyse lymphocyte subsets among HIV-positive patients on HAART treatment in Mozambique.

In Africa tens of millions of people are HIV+. Prevention alone is not effective, and needs to be coupled with anti-retroviral treatment (HAART). Laboratory tests as CD4+ T cell count are fundamental tools in HIV disease monitoring, but they require costly equipment, reagents and specialised manpower. The goal of this study was to minimise and optimise the reagents needed for a reliable routine CD4+ cell count in a resource-poor setting (Mozambique). Panleucogating protocol (PLG), requires two antibodies only, CD45 and CD4, or three if CD8 is requested for special clinical reasons. PLG was compared with the current protocol used in two Mozambique hospitals, based on FSC/SSC gating and CD3/CD4/CD8 staining. 189 samples from HIV+ patients, included in the Community of Sant'Egidio's DREAM program and on HAART were processed with both protocols. The overall correlation of the lymphocyte subsets measurements was satisfactory, with r2 always >0.96. The Bland-Altman analysis of CD4+ cell count showed a negative bias when CD4+ cells were <15%, due to the imprecise FSC/SSC gating used previously. When CD4+ cells were >15% the negative bias tended to zero, further confirming the better quality of the PLG gating strategy. Two- or three color PLG protocol, in double platform, currently seems the most accurate and affordable method to monitor CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio by flow cytometry in resource-poor medical settings.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗
PubMed1989

Effects of medium-term PUVA therapy on peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets in psoriatic patients.

Three to four months' PUVA treatment is a widely-adopted procedure to induce psoriasis remission and for the purpose of this study is called "medium-term". The 32 psoriatic patients considered revealed a statistically significant baseline decrease in OKT3+ (p less than 0.001), OKT4+ (p less than 0.001) and OKT8+ (p less than 0.001) as compared with 40 healthy controls, while OKT4/OKT8 was normal. Variance analysis within the psoriatic group failed to reveal further significant variation in the immunological parameters during the 3 months under study. Nevertheless, there was a marked trend towards a reduction in OKT4+ cells and OKT4/OKT8 as compared with baseline values after 3 months. These results suggest that "medium-term" PUVA therapy does not statistically restore the pre-existing baseline changes in T-lymphocyte subsets of the psoriatic patients. The non-statistically significant effects as regards OKT4+ may be due to the small number of patients who reached 3 months' treatment (9 patients) but could be regarded as the first step towards the significant changes described here in long-term PUVA-treated psoriatic patients.

Adult↗