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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Chemotherapy of advanced small-cell anaplastic carcinoma. Superiority of a four-drug combination to a three-drug combination.

A controlled clinical trial compared three-drug and four-drug combination chemotherapy in 109 patients with advanced small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. The combination of vincristine, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate was significantly superior to the combination of the last three drugs alone with regard to median survival (230 versus 176 days) (P less than 0.01) and to duration of response (186 versus 112 days) (P less than 0.01). Objective response occurred in 78% and 75%, respectively. No significant difference in these values was observed in the comparison of the three subtypes of small-cell anaplastic carcinoma using the World Health Organization classification.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The chemotherapy of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

A number of chemotherapeutic agents show moderate promise for the palliative treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Although patterns of metastatic disease make classic response rates difficult to obtain and interpret, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine (DTIC), and cisplatin have activity in patients who have failed conventional hormonal treatment. In most studies, a survival advantage is seen for responders to these and other chemotherapeutic agents, but no survival advantage has been seen for the treatment cohorts when compared to groups not receiving chemotherapy. Therefore, estimates of the usefulness of these agents must be considered tentative. Multiple drug therapy has not yet shown definite superiority to single agent treatment. The uses and limitations of acid phosphatase as a tumor marker, as well as particular difficulties in measuring tumor response in the disease, are detailed herein.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Is neoadjuvant chemotherapy valid in invasive cancer of the bladder?].

The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is not determined yet. M-VAC and CMV regimens have a complete response rate of 10-47% with an overall response reaching 80%. In 16.7-35% of all the responders and 42.9-92% of the complete responders a functioning bladder can be preserved. The influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on long-term survival is questionable. Nevertheless, the authors conclude that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is feasible in patients with invasive TCC as it improves the results of following surgery and in some cases enables an organ sparing operation.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1976

L-Asparagine synthetase in serum as a marker for neoplasia.

L-Asparagine synthetase appears in serum approximately 7 days after the s.c. implantation of 1 X 10(5) cells of Leukemia 5178Y/AR (resistant to L-asparaginase) and increases in activity as the neoplasm grows and metastasizes. The principal source of the enzyme is the primary tumor. After intravranial inoculation of tumor, the rate of leakage of the enzyme is more pronounced than when the subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal routes are used. 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (NSC 79037), a nitro-sourea effective in the palliation of L5178Y/AR, temporarily halts the influx of enzyme into the blood stream, as does surgical excision of the s.c. tumor nodules. Treatment of mice with L-asparaginase within 24 hr of inoculation of the tumor markedly augments both tumor growth and the rate of penetration of L-asparagine synthetase into the circulation. Several other L-asparagine synthetase into the circulation. Several other L-asparaginase-resistant tumors also were found to spill L-asparagine synthetase into the serum, but the correlation between this phenomenon and the specific activity of the enzyme in homogenates of the tumor was imperfect.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Chemotherapy in primary and metastatic intrathoracic cancer].

Chemotherapy has procured results which are still modest surely valid in the treatment of inoperable primary bronchial cancer: - prolongation of the mean survival time from 3 1/2 months for the nontreated cases to 8 1/2 months for those patients treated with complex combinations; - more than 15% of very good results with return to normal professional activity for 6 to 18 months; - approximately 30% of considerable subjective improvement with a definite sense of "well being"; - considerable reduction in the use of pain-killers. These results amply justify the pursuit of research. 2) The results for the combination hormone-chemotherapy, in the case of thoracic metastases of breast cancer, are definitely better. After leukemia in children, and Hodgking and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, metastases from breast cancer constitute a third group of chemosensitive tumors: - for 64 cases, the percentage of complete or partial remission is 84.3%; - there were 34 complete remissions: mean survival 27 months, at present 11 patients still remain alive: 1 to 16, 1 to 17, 2 to 19, 1 to 23, 31, 35, 38, 43, 68 and 70 months; - 20 partial remissions, mean survival 10 1/2 months, one patient still alive; - 10 failures, mean survival 6 months; - mean duration of complete remission 18 months; - mean duration of partial remission 6 months.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Cyclophosphamide and CCNU in the treatment of inoperable small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Two hundred and fifty-eight patients with small cell carcinoma and 185 patients with adenocarcinoma were centrally randomized to receive either cyclophosphamide (1000 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) iv or cyclophosphamide (700 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) iv plus CCNU (70 mg/m2 every 6 weeks) orally. Those patients who were initially treated with the single agent were then treated with CCNU (130 mg/m2 every 6 weeks) at the time of cyclophosphamide failure. Objective tumor regression occurred more frequently with the combination regimen in patients with small cell carcinoma (43% vs 22%, P = 0.002), but no difference in response rates was apparent in patients with adenocarcinoma. In both cell types patients survived somewhat longer following treatment with the combination. The overall incidence of severe toxicity was equal for the two regimens in both cell types; however, the therapeutic index of the combination was superior to that of the single agent in small cell carcinoma. Severe drug toxicity was more frequent in small cell carcinoma patients with extensive disease, and survival was reduced in both cell types with extensive disease. Survival was better for ambulatory patients in both cell types and women survived longer than men. In women with small cell carcinoma, ambulatory status also was associated with a higher incidence of tumor regression. In patients with small cell carcinoma those who had prior lung surgery survived longer than those without prior surgery. Previous radiation therapy was associated with a reduced incidence of objective regression in men with small cell carcinoma. In both cell types patients with tumor regression lived longer than nonresponders; however, objective disease stability was associated with improved survival only in patients with adenocarcinoma. Stratification in future studies should consider extent of disease, performance status, sex, and prior therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topotecan-based combination chemotherapy for human malignant glioma.

BACKGROUND: Topotecan has been considered a promising agent for the adjuvant chemotherapy of human malignant glioma because of its novel mode of action, its activity against other solid tumors, and its good penetration across the blood-brain barrier. However, the clinical effects of topotecan monotherapy in malignant glioma have been disappointing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We sought to identify suitable partners for topotecan combination chemotherapy of malignant glioma using two well-characterized human malignant glioma cell lines, T98G and LN-229. The effects of co-exposure to topotecan and other chemotherapy drugs were assessed in cytotoxic and clonogenic cell death assays. RESULTS: We found additive, less-than-additive, or occasional antagonistic effects, but never synergistic activity of topotecan with either CCNU, VM26 or vincristine, in acute cytotoxicity or in clonogenic cell death assays, with simultaneous or sequential drug exposure. VM26 or vincristine followed by topotecan yielded the most favourable results. Further, prolonged exposure of the glioma cells to topotecan and either CCNU, VM26, vincristine, cisplatin, doxorubicin or cytarabine resulted in additive but not synergistic growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: The present study fails to identify a specific partner for topotecan-based combination chemotherapy of malignant glioma among the chemotherapeutic drugs examined here. While this does not exclude a possible synergy of the drug combinations examined here in vivo, a focus on novel partners for topotecan or topotecan-based chemoimmunotherapy may be more promising.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of the CCNU-COP regimen for primary refractory and recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

Thirty patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with tumor progression after failure of standard anthracyclin and alkylating agent treatment (8), and early-onset relapse after the same therapy received 1-4 cycles of CCNU-COP regimen: (22). Complete and partial regression established in 66.6%: complete--4 (13.3%); partial (regression by more than 50%)--16 (53.3%), and stabilisation of disease--5 (16.7%). Response frequency in patients with low- and moderate-grade tumor was 68%. The most frequent side-effects were leukopenia (60%) and anemia (36.7%) which required special correction in separate cases only. CCNU-COP regimen proved as effective as any other-cost "salvage" ones (ESHAP, MIME, etc.).

Adult↗