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The initial transformadomonas acidovorans are demethylation of the 4-methoxyl group of the 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl portion of the molecule, and a NAD+-linked dehydrogenation of the benzyl alcohol group. Based on these findings and those described before, an overall degradation scheme is postulated.
White rot fungi were able to mineralize the aromatic ring carbon of alachlor to CO2. After 122 days, 14 and 12% of the alachlor that was initially present in malt extract cultures supplemented with a wood substrate was mineralized at room temperature by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Phlebia tremellosa, respectively. Although Phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized alachlor at 25 degrees C, it did so more slowly than the other two white rot fungi. The brown rot fungus Fomitopsis pinicola did not mineralize alachlor.
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Iodination stimulators, such as the dehydrogenation polymer of caffeic acid (DHP-CA), a protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK), and a commercially available tannic acid, potently inhibited the luciferin-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) generated by opsonized zymosan-stimulated human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Continuous presence of these substances was necessary to express their inhibitory activity. The extent of inhibition paralleled their ability to scavenge the chemiluminescence generated by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction. They also scavenged the chemiluminescence generated by potassium superoxide solution, but less effectively. An electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique revealed that DHP-CA significantly, but incompletely, scavenged O2-. The results suggest that O2- might be scavenged both directly by iodination stimulators, and by other oxygen radicals produced by activation of myeloperoxidase-mediated reaction.