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PubMedDate not supplied

T cell-dependent immunodepression in vivo in Schistosoma mansoni infected patients.

T-cell function was evaluated in 29 patients with either hepatointestinal or hepatosplenic schistosomiasis by intradermal tests to recall antigens. Immunodepression was detected in 26% of the subjects with hepatointestinal schistosomiasis and in 50% of those with the hepatosplenic form. Cellular immunodepression was related to worm load and spleen size. This non specific T-cell immunodepression may represent a serious constraint to the elimination of intracellular pathogens both in hepatosplenic or hepatointestinal schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Western region of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil].

A survey was performed among 22 patients with ulcers suspected of leishmanial origin in the municipalities of Quilombo and Coronel Freitas, west of Santa Catarina State. From 5 patients only smears from the ulcers were examined, 5 others were submitted to Montenegro's intradermal test and in 8 both methods were used. Cases were regarded as confirmed when: 1. parasites were found in the ulcer smears; 2. the lesions were clinically characteristic and the skin test was positive and 3. the clinically characteristic lesions healed after specific treatment. Fourteen patients were regarded as confirmed cases, 11 being autochthonous, showing that transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurs in the State. Of the autochthonous cases 5 showed parasites in the skin smears. Most patients were males and all were older than 15 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiologic survey with histoplasmin and paracoccidioidine in Arapiraca-Alagoas].

Paracoccidioidin and histoplasmin intradermic tests were performed in 107 inhabitants in Arapiraca, Alagoas. The epidemiological survey was performed in both sexes and the ages varied from 2 to 71 years. Positive results with paracoccidioidin test were recorded in 11% and the histoplasmin test was positive in 14%. With the positivity of paracoccidioidin in the histoplasmin positive population the result shows a percentage of 33.33%, while with the positivity of histoplasmin in the paracoccidioidin positive population was 41%.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specific treatment of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis can increase T-lymphocyte reactivity.

It has been recognized that Schistosoma mansoni infection causes depression of T-cell responsiveness. In this study we have evaluated whether immunodepression associated to schistosomiasis could be reverted by specific treatment. T-cell immune response was assessed by means of intradermal tests using recall antigens in a group of 22 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, one year after treatment with oxamniquine and compared with a group of untreated hepatosplenic patients. Only 27% of treated patients presented complete anergy to all tested antigens, in marked contrast to 80% unresponsiveness showed by hepatosplenic patients without treatment. Although most of the treated individuals showed some response to the tested antigens, in some individuals this unresponsiveness still persisted after treatment. Anergy was not found in any normal individual of the control group. It was concluded that Schistosoma mansoni infected patients may recover their normal immune responsiveness after the elimination of the worm by treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cases of american cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in the towns of Cosmópolis and Indaiatuba-region of Campinas, in São Paulo, Brazil].

A study was carried out to identify Leishmania species involved in skin lesions of patients from Cosmópolis and Indaiatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The epidemiological data of cutaneous leishmaniasis in two cities suggested a epidemic situation in 1994. The lesions were clinically characteristic of cutaneous leishmaniasis and five out six patients responded positively to Montenegro's intradermal test. The histopathology of skin lesions were characterized by two patterns: exudative-cellular reaction and exudative granulomatous reaction. The clinical and histopathological parameters suggested Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis as the possible etiologic agent. In agreement, it was difficult to isolate and maintain the parasite in the laboratory. Characterization by in situ hybridization with kDNA amastigotes from lesions fragments confirmed that Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis was the parasite responsible for the studied cutaneous lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae from sperm fluid].

The isolation of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae from sperm is reported. The organism was identified through the investigation of fluorescence under the UV light, the presence of pirazinecarboxilamidase enzyme (Pyz), in vitro and in vivo and virulence methods (single radial immunodiffusion, cell culture, guinea pig intradermic test). The strain was initially considered nontoxinogenic by single radial immunodiffusion, but its virulence was observed afterwards, when we applied the tests already mentioned. The strain could be considered a "Diphtheroid" without adequate specification.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae↗
PubMed2006

Recurrent anaphylaxis associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs: case report and review of the literature.

An 8-year-old girl with idiopathic central precocious puberty experienced multiple episodes of anaphylaxis after receiving a goserelin acetate implant. She was hospitalized and treated with epinephrine, antihistamine, and corticosteroids. The goserelin implant was surgically excised; however, anaphylactic symptoms continued for 4 days after excision. Less severe systemic symptoms recurred 6 weeks after removal; these were possibly due to leakage of the depot drug into subcutaneous tissues. It was noted that 3 years earlier, the patient had developed a similar, milder systemic allergic reaction to leuprolide acetate that required treatment with oral prednisone and antihistamines. Intradermal testing yielded positive results for leuprolide. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs, including leuprolide acetate and goserelin acetate, are commonly prescribed for patients with prostatic carcinoma, endometriosis, and precocious puberty. A literature review identified a single case report of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction involving goserelin acetate and several reports of systemic hypersensitivity reactions associated with leuprolide acetate. We found no reports of systemic reactions to GnRH analogs in pediatric patients. Clinicians should be aware of the potential association of GnRH analogs with systemic reactions. They should also recognize that recurrent anaphylaxis may occur due to the long half-life of these therapeutic agents in tissue.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1994

A simple method for screening assessment of skin and eye irritation.

A stepwise, simple screening test for skin and eye irritations, suitable for industrial chemicals or pesticides which are not required to be examined for their exact potential irritancy levels, was developed. The efficacy of the test was evaluated using 15 chemicals including typical irritants (acetic acid, ammonia, chloroacetic acid, dioxane, ethanolamine, formaldehyde, formic acid, hydrogen peroxide, phenol, phosphoric acid, propionic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sulfuric acid, and trichloroacetic acid). Chemicals were chosen so as to represent irritants which act by different mechanisms (i.e., strongly acidic, alkaline, reactive to protein, oxidizing etc.). The method consisted of physicochemical tests and animal tests using rats, mice or guinea pigs, namely, a skin irritation test, an intradermal reaction test and an eye irritation test in a sequential manner such that further tests are not required if a positive result is obtained in earlier steps. Results obtained between two laboratories using this method were very similar. Comparison of our results with the data obtained by the conventional method using rabbits showed fairly good coincidence. The method was shown to be useful in assessing skin and eye irritation of chemicals and causes minimal suffering to animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Safety of celecoxib in individuals allergic to sulfonamide: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cross reactivity between sulfonamide antimicrobials and celecoxib in patients with histories of allergies to sulfonamide antimicrobials. METHODS: Immunocompetent patients with a history of sulfonamide antimicrobial allergy who were being considered for therapy with celecoxib were prospectively enrolled. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim skin prick and intradermal testing and/or an in vitro lymphocyte toxicity assay were performed. If skin testing was negative, an oral challenge with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim was performed. Oral challenges with celecoxib were administered to all patients. RESULTS: Twenty-eight immunocompetent patients (26 female; mean age 60 years) were evaluated. History of sulfonamide antimicrobial allergy included urticaria (n = 7), cutaneous eruptions (n = 9), and other (n = 12). Four of the 28 patients who were skin prick tested were positive to sulfamethoxazole and two of the ten patients who underwent in vitro testing were positive to sulfamethoxazole. All 28 patients were administered celecoxib and tolerated the medication. Phone call follow up in 25 patients disclosed that 15 patients continued to take celecoxib, while five patients did not take celecoxib following the oral challenge, and five discontinued celecoxib due to adverse effects, lack of drug efficacy or physician preference. CONCLUSIONS: Confusion exists regarding the potential for cross reactivity between sulfonamide antimicrobials and other sulfonamide-containing compounds. The six sulfonamide-allergic patients tolerated celecoxib uneventfully. This pilot study supports the hypothesis that the potential for cross-reactivity between celecoxib and sulfonamide antimicrobials appears to be low. However, further investigations are required to confirm this.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Desensitization to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine].

Immunization with DTP vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis) is a part of the vaccination calendar offered in childhood. Adverse allergic reactions vary from minimal urticarial reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis. In infancy these reactions usually interrupt the vaccination calendar, but immunization in these children should be done. At the University Children's Hospital of Belgrade, a group of 137 children with suspected allergic anaphylactic reaction to DTP, DT, TT and monopertussis vaccine was studied for the last six years. Skin (prick and intradermal) tests were performed with corresponding vaccine. If both tests were negative, the vaccine could be given as a single dose of 0.5 ml. If one of these tests were positive desensitization with vaccine could be done (according to the protocol described by Carey and Meltzer). In one group of 52 children three days before desensitization, premedication with antihistamines, was done, whereas in the other group of 52 children premedication was not done. Two (3.8%) children in a group of 52 children with premedication had a minor (local) reaction after vaccination and 50 children (96.2%) had no reaction after vaccination, whereas no children (0%) had systemic reaction after desensitization.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The U.S. "new patient" and "transfer" studies.

The large-scale clinical trials of human insulin (recombinant DNA) in the United States consisted of a "New Patient" study and a "Transfer" study. The "New Patient" study involved 101 patients (38% type I) who have never received insulin and who were treated with human insulin and followed for 6 mo using NPH insulin alone or in combination with Neutral Regular Insulin (NRI). Shortly after treatment, serum glucose and total glycohemoglobin concentration fell. No patients developed insulin lipoatrophy or insulin allergy. Two patients developed insulin hypertrophy; in one, it was transient. Intradermal tests to varying dilutions of human insulin did not change over 6 mo. In addition, there was no evidence of development of antibodies to Escherichia coli polypeptide. Two-hundred-and-forty-three patients, 91% of whom had type I diabetes, were transferred in a controlled double-blind study from mixed beef-pork or purified pork insulin (PPI) either to human insulin or back to their previous insulin treatment and followed for 3 mo. While insulin dosage did not change, there was a slight increase in fasting serum glucose and a statistically significant increase in fasting ketonuria. There was no change in the frequency of the complications of insulin treatment. These limited data are consistent with the conclusion that NPH human insulin is slightly shorter acting than its animal insulin counterparts. Overall, human insulin is a safe, effective insulin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intradermal desensitization with human insulin (recombinant DNA) in a patient with severe allergic skin reaction due to insulin.

This is a case report of a 70-yr-old female patient with a severe allergic skin reaction (necroses) due to insulin injections. Because of insulin dependency, desensitization to insulin was mandatory. For desensitization, a schedule with intradermal injections of increasing insulin concentrations (from 0.02 to 2 U per injection) at time intervals of 3 h was used. With highly purified pork insulin, the concentration limit of 0.04 U was reached in spite of 75 injections. After changing to human insulin (recombinant DNA), a rapid desensitization could be performed at the same concentration. Desensitization resulted not only to human insulin but also to highly purified pork insulin, as shown by intradermal testing 6 mo later.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Contact allergy to gold and gold therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated for contact allergy to gold in connection with treatment with gold preparations. There were 57 patients with rheumatoid arthritis previously treated with gold, with or without cutaneous side-effects, as well as 20 patients intended for such treatment; all were exposed to patch and intradermal tests with gold sodium thiosulfate, gold sodium thiomalate and auranofin. Contact allergy to gold was demonstrated in 8 out of 77 patients (10.4%). In the retrospective material, gold allergy was found in 1.8%, in the prospective material in 35.0%. Contact allergy to gold is very frequent among patients with rheumatoid arthritis before gold therapy. In order to avoid early hypersensitivity reactions skin tests should be carried out before gold therapy is instituted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Pathologic findings and association of Mycobacterium bovis infection with the bovine NRAMP1 gene in cattle from herds with naturally occurring tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine necropsy and Mycobacterium bovis culture results in cattle from herds with tuberculosis, the role of the bovine NRAMP1 gene in resistance and susceptibility to infection with M bovis, and the association between magnitude of the tuberculous lesions and various types of M bovis isolates. ANIMALS: 61 cattle from herds with tuberculosis in Texas and Mexico. PROCEDURE: 61 cattle were evaluated by necropsy; 59 had positive and 2 had negative caudal fold tuberculin intradermal test (CFT) results. Thirty-three cattle with positive CFT results were genotyped to evaluate polymorphism of the 3' untranslated region of the bovine NRAMP1 gene, using single-stranded conformational analysis, 9 were resistant to M bovis with no tuberculous lesions and negative M bovis culture results, and 24 were susceptible with tuberculous lesions and positive M bovis culture results. Isolates of M bovis were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on the basis of IS6110 sequences and direct-repeat fingerprinting patterns. RESULTS: 21 (35.6%; 21/59) cattle with positive CFT results had tuberculous lesions or positive culture results; in addition, 1 of 2 cattle with negative CFT results had tuberculous lesions and positive culture results. Tuberculous lesions were most common in the thorax (35/63; 55.5%) and lymphoid tissues of the head (10/63; 15.9%). Tuberculous lesions varied from 1 to 11/animal; 8 of 21 (38.1%) had solitary lesions. Associations were not found between resistance or susceptibility to infection with M bovis and polymorphism in the NRAMP1 gene or between the magnitude of the lesions and various RFLP types of M bovis isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The NRAMP1 gene does not determine resistance and susceptibility to infection with M bovis in cattle.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Human seminal plasma allergy in India.

Human seminal plasma allergy (HSPA) in women has been documented in the West. We describe here the first case of HSPA reported in India. An 18-year-old married woman presented with a 2-year history of episodic wheezing dyspnea. She had always had local postcoital symptoms since her first intercourse. Systemic symptoms developed subsequently. Despite more than 2 years of unprotected coitus, the patient had not conceived. The intradermal tests with seminal plasma antigen prepared from her husband's semen and from a healthy volunteer were markedly positive in the patient. Similar tests on her husband were negative. HSPA, especially the local forms, may be difficult to identify in our social conditions.

Antigens↗
PubMed1987

Orgotein in radiation treatment of bladder cancer. A report on allergic reactions and lack of radioprotective effect.

The possible protective effect of orgotein (a superoxide dismutase) on radiation cystitis and proctitis was studied in patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A double-blind study in 60 patients was planned but due to unacceptable side effects only 30 patients were included. Radiation treatment was given with curative intent at a dose of 63 Gy in 30 fractions. Orgotein was injected 15 min after each daily radiation treatment at a dose of 4 or 8 mg. No effect of orgotein on tumour radiation response or on the acute radiation reactions in the bladder and rectum was detected. Marked subcutaneous infiltration and redness was seen at the local injection site in 5 patients. No general symptoms were observed. Intradermal tests and antibody titration tests showed that the local reactions were due to allergic reactions to the drug itself. The lack of radioprotective effect and the high frequency of unacceptable side effects makes orgotein an unsuitable drug in clinical radiation therapy.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1965

[The Epidemiological Studies On The Filariasis In Korea: I. Filariasis In Cheju-Do(Quelpart Island)]

A night blood survey was carried out among inhabitants aged over 1 year from the fifteen villages throughout Cheju-Do (Quelpart Island). Blood films from 2,139 persons were examined and 183(8.6 %) showed microfilariae, the incidences varying according to geographical sources are from 0.8 to 19.5 per cent. All the microfilariae found in this survey were of the nocturnal periodic Brugia malayi. The microfilarial density was 1.9 per cent of blood. The age and sex distributions of microfilaria rate in Cheju-Do were not distinctly different. On the other hand, the intradermal test using Dirofilaria antigen (FPT antigen) and clinical survey of filariasis were also undertaken in same areas of microfilaria survey. Out of 2,449 inhabitants examined 1,434(58.6 %) persons showed positive reaction of skin test, 503(20.5 %) persons have clinical manifestations and 112 (4.6 %) persons showed elephantiasis. It is assumed that Aedes togoi may be the most probable vector of B. malayi in the areas of Cheju-Do.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1974

[A Follow-Up Study To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Mass Chemotherapy For Control Of Paragonimiasis]

In the survey of l1,005 subjects in l3 villages of Che Ju lsland, 1,450 persons were egg-positive by repeated sputum examinations. The response rate to intradermal test ranged 50-80% of the population and to sputum examination for skin positive 60-70% in the first survey done in l964. 93% of all egg-positive was treated with 40 mg/kg body weight of bithionol on alternate days for 10-15 doses in l965. Follow-up studies were carried out in one year, three-year, five-year, and eight year after the mass treatment. The one year follow-up study covered 86.5% of all treated cases in all villages but only a part of the population of a few villages in further follow-up studies. In this paper only the result obtained from the age group of 7-18 years, the common population studied in every follow-up for the purpose of comparison, is presented. Intermediate hosts of P. westermani were examined at the same time. In one year follow-up it was found that 91% of egg-positive treated became negative. Three parameters, skin reaction, sputum examination, and infection status of intermediate hosts by area and year were used for comparison. Skin positive rate showed gradual decrease with more marked drop in Kang Chung where more thorough survey and mass treatment (about 43% of all infected persons estimated among whole population) were carried out than other areas (only 20-30%). The proportion of intermediate skin reation (60-100 mm(3) wheal size) increased markedly indicating decreased dose of infection which corresponds to the dropped infection rate and average number of metacercaria in crabs. Egg-positive rate in sputum examination done for skin positive reactors also presented similar pattern to skin reaction although it should be taken account that the result of 1964 was from repeated sputum examinations but that of other years from a single examination. Increased proportion of intermediate skin reaction which has much lower egg-positive rate probably played major role in decreased egg-positive rate. The infection rate of snail started to drop about one year earlier than crab; crab infection rate and intensity started to drop about four year after the mass treatment. The duration needed to show the change of infection status in intermediate hosts after the mass chemotherapy may correspond to the duration of survival of the parasite in the intermediate hosts. With the data available presently, it is difficult to determine on what point of the curve the present status is situated (on decreasing phase or increasing phase?), how far the rate will go down if it is on decreasing phase, and how long would it take in returning to the original status without further management. The result of follow-up study, however, strongly indicate that continous and intense chemotherapy may be able to put the paragonimiasis under control. Further follow-up study on total population including survey on changes of environment and eating habits is planned.

Journal Article↗