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PubMedDate not supplied

To trim or replant: a matter of cost.

Many factors are involved in the decision whether to complete the amputation of an injured digit and trim the stump or to replant the amputated member. This paper compares the cost of these two treatments so that this financial aspect might be included among the many factors which influence the surgeon's decision. The cost of these treatments was separated into two aspects. First, the overall cost of the medical and surgical expenses was calculated. Second, the cost which the Israeli social security granted the injured worker due to the disability was calculated. By comparing the total surgical and medical costs of amputations and replantations, trimming is far less expensive than replantation. In the long run, the compensation the insurer owes the disabled trimmed patient is far higher than the compensation given to those who were successfully replanted, provided the injured worker has a certain number of working years to retirement and has a yearly income of a certain level. Thus, in most cases, replantation is recommended from the cost benefit aspect.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed2006

A 10 year asthma programme in Finland: major change for the better.

BACKGROUND: A National Asthma Programme was undertaken in Finland from 1994 to 2004 to improve asthma care and prevent an increase in costs. The main goal was to lessen the burden of asthma to individuals and society. METHODS: The action programme focused on implementation of new knowledge, especially for primary care. The main premise underpinning the campaign was that asthma is an inflammatory disease and requires anti-inflammatory treatment from the outset. The key for implementation was an effective network of asthma-responsible professionals and development of a post hoc evaluation strategy. In 1997 Finnish pharmacies were included in the Pharmacy Programme and in 2002 a Childhood Asthma mini-Programme was launched. RESULTS: The incidence of asthma is still increasing, but the burden of asthma has decreased considerably. The number of hospital days has fallen by 54% from 110 000 in 1993 to 51 000 in 2003, 69% in relation to the number of asthmatics (n = 135 363 and 207 757, respectively), with the trend still downwards. In 1993, 7212 patients of working age (9% of 80 133 asthmatics) received a disability pension from the Social Insurance Institution compared with 1741 in 2003 (1.5% of 116 067 asthmatics). The absolute decrease was 76%, and 83% in relation to the number of asthmatics. The increase in the cost of asthma (compensation for disability, drugs, hospital care, and outpatient doctor visits) ended: in 1993 the costs were 218 million euro which had fallen to 213.5 million euro in 2003. Costs per patient per year have decreased 36% (from 1611 euro to 1031 euro). CONCLUSION: It is possible to reduce the morbidity of asthma and its impact on individuals as well as on society. Improvements would have taken place without the programme, but not of this magnitude.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

An exploratory study into health care policy for persons with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: Although Taiwan has already had a higher quality of health care compared with other countries, there still is a need to review the quality and effectiveness of services provided. The lack of health care policy for persons with disabilities is a reflection of health care provision in Taiwan. Health care provision problems will limit persons with disabilities in their access to the health care system. The purpose of the present study was to examine the general beliefs about the current health care policies for persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Taiwan. METHODS: Data were obtained from two sources, namely government policies analysis and interviews with representatives for key stakeholders in the field of ID. RESULTS: The results illustrate that health care service problems for persons with ID include: how to enforce the discovery system and early intervention service, disability evaluation system, National Health Insurance medical payment and medical care resource development are still confining their quality of care. Furthermore, the links between social welfare, education and health care have been lost because the different roles and perspectives of people in these fields are fundamentally at odds with one another. Health care professionals have become less reform-minded as a consequence of the conditions of their work. Consequently, a complete and coordinated health care policy for persons with ID has become unattainable in society. The present paper draws on evidence from research and policies to explore the problems and potential of service development for persons with ID, and to identify review and action points for managing its implementation.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1996

Managed care for people with disabilities: caring for those with the greatest need.

Disability is discussed in terms of three categories: conditions that result from biomedical conditions and chronic, lifelong illnesses; role or social functioning difficulties that result from behavioral, developmental, or brain disorders; and conditions that limit physical functioning. The range and depth of services needed by the disabled result in higher costs of health care for this population. Because their service needs vary so widely, no single program can address all of the needs equally. Currently, no integrated public policy or program is specifically designed to serve people with disabilities. Rather, they are served by a range of programs that provide specific benefits (e.g., health, social services, and income). Section 1 of this chapter provides an overview on extending the concept of managed care to disabled populations. Special attention is paid to the financing of health care, the delivery of care, reforming the health care system, the cost-containment potential of managed care, and the need to align care with the nature of the individual disability. In sections 2 and 3, the current status of managed care for two special populations--children and the mentally ill--is discussed in greater detail. Section 2 addresses the characteristics of chronically ill and disabled children, public and private health insurance coverage of children with disabilities, other public programs for chronically ill children, and current directions and strategic choices for managed pediatric care. Section 3 describes the mentally ill and the system of providers that currently supplies care to them, offers some conclusions regarding how managed care is changing the policy debate in mental health care, assesses the key factors affecting policy choices in managed care, and considers prospects for the future shape of managed behavioral health care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Low back disability among self-employed dentists, veterinarians, physicians and physical therapists in The Netherlands. A retrospective study over a 13-year period (N = 1,119) and an early intervention program with 1-year follow-up (N = 134).

This study was carried out among self-employed dentists, veterinarians, physicians and physical therapists insured against the financial consequences of disability by the insurance company Movir in Nieuwegein, the Netherlands. Disability for an individual was defined as a condition in which someone, due to illness or accident, regardless of the cause, is unable to pursue his/her profession, according to medical assessment. It concerned both short-term and long-term periods of sickness absence. The study consists of two parts: a) A retrospective investigation into the magnitude of the problem of low back disability from 1977 through 1989. b) A test of an early intervention program, introduced in 1990, involving a control group of low back disability claimants of 1987 and 1988 combined. Low back pain was the main cause of disability in 1,119 claims, submitted by 839 claimants. In 795 cases, this involved the first low back disability claim during the whole insurance period. The incidence of low back disability increased by 211 percent, from 3.48 per 1,000 persons at risk in 1977 to 7.35 in 1989. The costs of compensation for low back disability increased from 5.7 percent of the total compensation paid in 1977 to 13 percent in 1989. Nearly a quarter of the claims, all of which lasted longer than six months, accounted for 90 percent of the compensation costs of low back disability. The present study showed that in the case of veterinarians over 34 years of age and dentists over 44 years of age, specific low back pain, nonspecific low back pain in combination with a deferred period of 14 days or more, low back problems before acceptance, and the presence of psychosocial problems at the start of the disability were significantly associated with the duration of low back disability. This means that these "factors" predicted a longer duration. Based on the retrospective data, a predictive model of long-term low back disability was developed, which could be used for secondary prevention among the population studied. At termination of a first claim of low back disability, a deferred period of 30 days or more, and low back surgery at the first claim or before acceptance predicted a longer working period until a recurrence, while low back problems before acceptance had an inverse effect. The retrospective study demonstrated the effect of insurance factors on the incidence and the duration of low back disability, and on the recurrence rate. The higher the insured daily compensation, the higher the risk of claiming low back disability. A deferred period of 14 days or more decreased the risk of claiming low back disability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of use of outpatient rehabilitation services following upper extremity injury.

This study documents the utilization of outpatient therapy services following upper extremity injury and identifies factors that influence the use of services. One hundred twelve patients admitted to a hand center for treatment of upper extremity injury were followed prospectively for 7 months to determine their utilization of therapy services and their perceptions of unmet need. Eighty percent of the patients used therapy services following their injury Those who were more severely injured, were female, had health insurance, or obtained disability compensation made more visits than other subjects. One third of the patients reported that they did not have an adequate number of therapy visits. Subjects cited various reasons (e.g., lack of insurance, transportation difficulties) for unmet need. These findings suggest that the variation in utilization of rehabilitation services depends on not only the severity of the injury but other patient characteristics and resources as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[What diseases do women have? Reflections in work disability and hospital statistics of occupational health insurance].

The analysis of general morbidity referring to sex is only partially developed in the Federal Republic of Germany, although it would provide substantial evidence to systematic health monitoring. The routine data of the general sickness insurance system installed in the FRG represent an important empirical basis to tackle this problem. The following description concerns the members of the companies' sickness funds and includes the information on work incapacity due to illness as well as data on in-patient treatment. On the whole we find for all the women fewer cases and shorter terms of absence due to illness in comparison to men. Women older than 50 years, however, show a significant upward trend while the rates of men decrease at that age. In comparison to men we find a specific distribution of illnesses in women. Pointers and questions for further epidemiological research are given.

Absenteeism↗