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PubMed1992

Transvaginal intratubal insemination, ectopic pregnancy and treatment by single-dose parenteral methotrexate.

We report a case of a woman with ectopic pregnancy with fetal cardiac activity after ovulation induction and transvaginal intratubal insemination by tactile sensation. The patient was successfully treated by single-dose methotrexate (MTX) (77 mg or 50 mg/m2 given intramuscularly). Control hysterosalpingograms showed no tubal patency on the involved side. Potential advantages and hazards of transvaginal intratubal insemination and single-dose MTX for ectopic pregnancy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Recovery of artificially inseminated spermatozoa from the fallopian tubes of a woman undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy.

Investigation of the process of sperm transport within the human female reproductive tract must involve the recovery of spermatozoa from the oviducts of women post-coitum or insemination. This case report describes the insemination of a 40-year-old woman with her partner's semen and the subsequent recovery of spermatozoa from her Fallopian tubes, removed at hysterectomy, 2 days post-ovulation. The number of spermatozoa present within the tubes and their location was ascertained using a flushing technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The total number of spermatozoa present within the flushed tube was calculated to be 142, whilst the total number of spermatozoa calculated to be present within the scanned tube was 673. The proportional distribution of spermatozoa within the tubes was virtually identical by the two techniques used. The largest population of spermatozoa resided within the ampulla (66.1% SEM, 68.3% flush), and the smallest population resided within the intramural region (14.9% SEM, 13.4% flush).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A randomized trial between GIFT and ovarian stimulation for the treatment of unexplained infertility and failed artificial insemination by donor.

This study was designed to investigate the surplus effect of gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) over ovarian stimulation alone, in patients with unexplained infertility. A total of 50 patients with unexplained infertility of at least 3 years duration, or unexplained failure of artificial insemination by donor (AID) for at least 12 cycles, meeting strict inclusion criteria, were randomly selected for either two GIFT cycles or two ovarian stimulation cycles. Ovarian stimulation was combined with timed intercourse, or timed cervical donor insemination. In 38 completed GIFT cycles, five clinical pregnancies (13.2% per cycle) occurred and in 44 ovarian stimulation cycles four clinical pregnancies occurred (9.1% per cycle). Five remaining GIFT cycles were converted into in-vitro fertilization leading to two pregnancies. Of the 50 patients suffering from unexplained infertility, the 23 who did not have AID gave rise to four pregnancies out of 39 cycles (10.3%); from the remaining 27 patients who underwent AID, seven pregnancies were achieved out of 48 cycles (14.6%). No statistical differences between GIFT and ovarian stimulation treatment were found. Therefore, the GIFT success rates can be explained at least in part, if not fully, by the effect of ovarian stimulation alone. Consequently, ovarian stimulation should be considered in unexplained infertility before more elaborate forms of assisted reproduction are used.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of age, gravidity and male infertility status on cumulative conception rates following artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor semen: analysis of 2998 cycles of treatment in one centre over 10 years.

The effects of age, gravidity and male infertility status on cumulative conception rates after donor insemination were investigated in an analysis of 2998 treatment cycles undertaken on 443 patients. It was found that the cumulative conception rates after 3, 6 and 12 cycles of treatment were 21, 40 and 62% respectively for patients < 30 years of age compared with 17, 26 and 44% for those aged > or = 30 years (P = 0.008). There was also a significant difference (P < 0.001) in results depending on course of treatment and the cumulative conception rates were 19% after 3 cycles, 33% after 6 cycles and 54% after 12 cycles of treatment in the first course of treatment compared with 40, 67 and 79% respectively in those who returned for subsequent courses of treatment after having achieved a donor insemination pregnancy in the first treatment course. Gravidity and male infertility status (azoospermia or oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia) did not significantly affect the cumulative conception rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Live birth resulting from in-office vas deferens sperm retrieval combined with natural-cycle insemination.

In-office retrieval of spermatozoa from the vas deferens was successfully combined with intra-uterine insemination of the wife during her natural cycle in the case of a man with azoospermia due to a non-correctable obstruction of the vas deferens. The combined cost of both procedures (sperm retrieval and intra-uterine insemination with processed spermatozoa) was less than $1000. The cost and convenience compare quite favourably with that of epididymis sperm aspiration combined with in-vitro fertilization, which is the currently recommended alternative treatment in such cases. These alternative therapies are compared and discussed relative to their advantages and disadvantages. Our technique for in-office vas deferens sperm retrieval is also presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between stimulated hyperactivated motility of human spermatozoa and pregnancy rate in donor insemination: a preliminary report.

The proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting the vigorous motility behaviour termed 'hyperactivation' (HA) has been shown to be increased following removal of seminal plasma and stimulation with chemical agents such as pentoxifylline. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the proportion of HA in cryopreserved semen samples from sperm donors and the corresponding pregnancy rates achieved by donor insemination. Cryopreserved samples from 20 men were incubated in the presence or absence of 3 mM pentoxifylline for 1 h and the %HA determined in each sample. The relationship between pregnancy rate, the proportion of HA spermatozoa in control and pentoxifylline-treated groups and the change in %HA following pentoxifylline treatment (delta HA) as well as the mean semen characteristics for each donor [sperm count, motility (%), motility index, normal morphology (%), post-thaw motility (%) and post-thaw motility index] were examined by logistic regression of the occurrence of clinical pregnancy with each insemination. Both delta HA and mean post-thaw motility index were significantly related to pregnancy rates and together accounted for 64% of the observed variation in pregnancy rates.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMed2003

Effect of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation and fertility after artificial insemination with liquid-stored turkey semen.

Turkey sperm plasma membranes contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are susceptible to lipid peroxidation during in vitro storage at 4 degrees C. Herein we assessed the degree of lipid peroxidation and fertility potential of semen liquid-stored for 24 h with the antioxidant vitamin E. Semen was collected weekly from 44 males and pooled as pairs (total = 22); the individuals in paired samples exhibited similar semen quality parameters. After initial semen evaluation, pooled samples were extended with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender containing no supplement (control) or 10 or 40 microg/mL vitamin E and then stored at 4 degrees C with constant aeration for 24 h. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malonaldehyde (MDA) in aliquots (50 x 10(6) sperm) of fresh (0 h) and stored (24 h) semen. Sperm mobility was also evaluated. A total of 176 hens (8 hens/tom pair; 4 hens/0 h, 4 hens/24 h) were inseminated (150 x 10(6) sperm) weekly for 6 wk, and fertility was determined after 7 d of incubation. Initial MDA values of the 22 tom pairs ranged from 0.928 to 1.36 uM. Males varied in production of MDA during in vitro storage, with most pairs exhibiting a threefold increase. Results indicated that supplemental vitamin E did not reduce lipid peroxidation during liquid storage. Not surprisingly, artificial insemination with stored semen (with much higher MDA values) yielded lower fertility rates than control regardless of the presence of vitamin E. These results demonstrate that lipid peroxidation is a significant factor affecting the fertility of stored turkey sperm and that methods to prevent or reduce lipid peroxidation remain to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Heterotopic transplantation of testes in newly hatched chickens and subsequent production of offspring via intramagnal insemination.

Transplantation of testicular tissue onto the back of immunodeficient nude mice provides a tool to examine testicular development and preserve fertility in mammals. There is no immunodeficient model in birds, but we recently transplanted ovarian tissue between newly hatched chicks from two lines of chickens and produced donor-derived offspring, showing that experimental transplantation is possible in newly hatched chicks. In the present study testicular tissue from newly hatched Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) chicks was transplanted under the skin of the back, under the skin of the abdomen, or in the abdomen of White Leghorn chicks that had been surgically castrated and immunocompromised. Recipient birds were killed at 10 mo of age. Transplanted tissue was observed in one of five hosts receiving tissue under the skin of the back, two of five hosts receiving tissue under the skin of the abdomen, and three of five chicks with grafts inside the abdominal cavity. In recipients with no regeneration of host testes, testicular transplants grew to the size of normal testes, and histologic analysis showed active spermatogenesis. Subsequent collection of sperm from two successful transplants and surgical insemination of the sperm into the magna of the oviducts of BPR hens resulted in the production of 24 donor-derived chicks. These results demonstrate that the combination of testicular tissue transplantation with intramagnal insemination can produce viable, normal chicks, which could provide a simple approach for the recuperation of live offspring in avian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin, and laparoscopic artificial insemination on embryo, endocrine, and luteal characteristics in the domestic cat.

The effects of gonadotropin treatment and laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI) on embryo quality, serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations, and luteal progesterone content were examined in the domestic cat. These data were compared to similar historical data reported for naturally estrual, mated queens. All queens in this study (n = 32) were treated with eCG followed by 1) natural breeding (eCG-NB), 2) NB and hCG (eCG-NB-hCG), 3) NB and a sham AI procedure (eCG-NB-sham AI), or 4) hCG and actual AI (eCG-hCG-AI). Queens ovulating in response to treatment were ovariohysterectomized, and oviducts and uteri were flushed to collect embryos. Ovarian structures were recorded, corpora lutea (CL) were excised and evaluated for progesterone content, and serum was analyzed for estradiol-17beta and progesterone. Follicle and CL numbers ranged from 0 to 28 and 2 to 42 per cat, respectively, and treatment means did not differ (p > or = 0.05) among groups. Embryos were recovered from oviducts and uterine horns in all treatment groups, and recovery ranged from 60-96%. Mean embryo number per queen ranged from 8.2 +/- 2.6 to 23.2 +/- 3.8 and did not differ (p > or = 0.05) among groups. However, the proportions of unfertilized oocytes were greater (p < 0.05) for groups treated with hCG and/or artificially inseminated, and the proportion of blastocysts produced (31 of 107, 29.0%) was lower (p < 0.05) in the eCG-hCG-AI group than for any other treatment (range, 59 of 116 [50.9%] to 67 of 116 [57.8%]). Not all queens in each group produced good-quality embryos (eCG-NB, 5 of 5; eCG-NB-hCG, 5 of 8; eCG-NB-sham AI, 2 of 5; and eCG-hCG-AI, 3 of 6). Serum progesterone and estradiol-17beta, and total luteal progesterone per ovary did not differ (p > or = 0.05) among treatments. Compared to historical controls (naturally estrual, mated queens), eCG-NB queens produced > 4 times as many good-quality embryos and blastocysts. Similarly, eCG-hCG-AI-treated queens produced > 4 times the number of oocytes and embryos, although a high proportion of these were poor quality and did not develop to blastocysts. Together, these results indicate that queens treated with eCG are capable of consistently producing many good-quality embryos, at least half of which develop to blastocysts in culture. These data support the use of eCG in felids and suggest that other factors are responsible for reduced pregnancy success and small litter sizes following assisted reproduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Severe anaphylactic reaction to bovine serum albumin at the first attempt of artificial insemination.

A 33-year-old woman without history of previous atopic diseases or drug allergies developed a severe anaphylactic reaction with asthma, vomiting, itching, generalized urticaria, and angioedema during artificial insemination with her husband's sperm. The sperm-processing medium contained bovine serum albumin (BSA). Skin prick test and RAST demonstrated an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to BSA as well as a polyvalent atopic sensitization to pollens, animal danders, cow's milk, beef, pork, and mutton. SDS-PAGE studies indicated serum albumin to be the appropriate allergen with a high degree of cross-reactivity between serum albumin from different animal species. Artificial insemination with fluid containing potential allergens can, therefore, represent an unnecessary risk for atopic females, even in the absence of prior clinical symptoms of allergic diseases. Preoperative testing with the medium is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The separation of X-and Y-spermatozoa with regard to the possible clinical application by means of artificial insemination.

With the sephadex gel-filtration method according to Steeno and Adimoelja (1974), X-spermatozoa have been successfully separated from the Y-spermatozoa in semen samples from 81 donors with the possibility of practical use with the aid of artificial insemination to promote pregnancy. A better quality of spermatozoa is obtained after this method of filtration, which will support these spermatozoa in having the potency of fertilization. There is indeed a decrease in concentration of spermatozoa after filtration, but the samples still fulfil the minimal concentration required in artificial insemination.

Cell Separation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples.

Forty-three subfertile women were treated by intrauterine insemination with washed sperm. Among the couples, infertility was, in 7 cases due to cervical factor infertility, in 17 cases due to subfertile sperm quality, and 19 cases, unexplained. All women ovulated: 9 spontaneously, 26 where treated with clomiphene citrate and 8 with hMG-hCG. One hundred and sixty seven inseminations were performed in 90 ovulatory cycles. Six pregnancies were recorded (14%): three pregnancies among the cervical factor infertility group (42.8%), two among the couples with low sperm quality (11.7%) and one pregnancy in the group with unexplained infertility (5.2%). Thus, it can be concluded that IUI is effective for achieving pregnancy when unfavourable cervical factor is detected. The method is of doubtful value in cases of low sperm quality or unexplained infertility.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic value of an automated sperm analysis in IVF or insemination therapy.

During the course of sterility treatment semenograms of 271 IVF and 316 insemination patients were carried out by two automated semen analysers. The parameters of these analyses were correlated to pregnancies resulting from the treatment. Semen samples were analysed in the ejaculate and after swim-up preparation. In addition, the swim-up suspension of IVF patients was measured again 18 h after sperm preparation. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) couples who achieved a pregnancy, (2) couples who did not achieve a pregnancy, and (3) IVF patients with no fertilization of the oocytes. Because of large standard deviations in the quality of ejaculates, the results in the IVF group show no significant differences in the semen parameters of husbands of pregnant and non-pregnant women. In contrast husbands of women with no fertilization have a significantly lower sperm motility. After swim-up preparation these differences no longer occur. A further measurement, taken 18 h later, reveals that there are no differences in the sperm parameters between the pregnant and non-pregnant group. However, the semen quality in the group with no fertilization is significantly reduced. The results of the insemination patients are similar to those of the IVF group. Thus, the results from automated sperm analysers cannot replace either the microscopic or biochemical analysis of an ejaculate and, moreover, cannot be used as prognosis for the fertilization capacity of sperms or a following pregnancy.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed2004

Pregnancy rate following post-insemination intrauterine treatment of endometritis in dairy cattle.

Summary Of 1500 examined Holstein cows in milk, there were 315 cows with mucopurulent discharges at the time of insemination (21%). Twenty-four hours after insemination, the infected animals randomly received no treatment (group I, control, n = 93), intrauterine infusion of 1 g oxytetracycline (group II, n = 63) and intrauterine infusion of 5 million IU procain penicillin G sodium (group III, n = 159). First service conception rate following treatment was 48.3, 49.2 and 47.7% in groups I, II and III, respectively. In conclusion, treatment with either antibiotic had no advantage relative to the control on first service conception rate.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Field experiences on post-cervical artificial insemination in the sow.

The present study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of post-cervical artificial insemination (post-CAI) in eastern European continental climate with multiparous sows. The sows were randomly allocated into two groups, and were AI by using CAI with 3 x 10(9) spermatozoa per dose (group 1, n = 859) or by post-CAI, using pooled semen with 1 x 10(9) spermatozoa per dose (group 2, n = 924). Wean-to-oestrus intervals, duration of oestrus, day 24 pregnancy rates, farrowing rates, and total pigs born were evaluated. Wean-to-oestrus intervals (CAI 114.3 +/- 4.1 h; post-CAI 115.2 +/- 5.2 h), duration of oestrus (CAI 64.1 +/- 4.1 h; post-CAI 65.0 +/- 5.2 h), day 24 pregnancy rates (CAI 90.2 +/- 1.7%; post-CAI 89.3 +/- 1.8%) and farrowing rates (CAI 88.1 +/- 2.3%; post-CAI 87.8 +/- 2.9%) did not differ significantly between CAI and post-CAI inseminated sows. The total number of pigs born differed significantly (p < 0.01) between the groups (CAI 12.3 +/- 1.1; post-CAI 10.2 +/- 0.9).

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Influence of the donor male on the fertility of frozen-thawed rabbit sperm after artificial insemination of females of different genotypes.

In this work, the influence of the donor male on the fertility of cryopreserved rabbit sperm after artificial insemination into females from different genotypes was evaluated. Females belonged to three lines selected for maternal characteristics (A, V and H) and all the possible crosses between them. Sperm from five males from the line selected for one of the maternal characteristics (line V) was frozen individually in a Tris-citric acid-glucose diluent with 1.75 m of DMSO and 0.05 m of sucrose (final concentrations). After artificial insemination of the cryopreserved sperm, fertility rates and prolificacy were similar for all groups of females (56% of fertility rate and 7.2 total born). Significant differences between males were observed for both fertility (p < 0.05) and kindling (p < 0.01) rate. These differences could be because of differences in the freezing resistance of sperm from the different males.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Milk progesterone profile at and after artificial insemination in repeat-breeding cows: effects on conception rate and embryonic death.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the skim milk progesterone concentrations at artificial insemination (AI) and day of rise of post-ovulatory progesterone concentration thereafter affect the conception and embryonic death rates in repeat-breeding cows. Milk samples were obtained from 96 repeat-breeding cows that failed to conceive to three or more AIs. The samples were taken from the cows at the day of AI and three times/week until day 45 post-AI. Skim milk was obtained after centrifugation and used for progesterone assay. The cows with a progesterone concentration more than 0.5 ng/ml at AI showed a significantly higher incidence of late embryonic death than those having a progesterone concentration<0.5 ng/ml at AI (p<0.01). As the progesterone level at insemination rose, conception rate declined. A negative correlation was shown between conception rate and skim milk progesterone level at AI. Of 56 cows showing a rise of progesterone to 1 ng/ml or more within 6 days after AI, 28 cows (50%) conceived. On the contrary, only eight of 39 cows (20.5%) conceived when the progesterone rose up to 1 ng/ml after day 6 post-AI. We concluded that increased progesterone concentration at the time of AI and delayed rise of progesterone post-AI might lead to decrease in fertility in repeat-breeding cows.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Insemination with sex sorted fresh bovine spermatozoa processed in the presence of antioxidative substances.

Flow cytometrically sex sorted spermatozoa are reduced in their fertilizing capacity, particularly when stored either in cooling extender or after freezing in liquid nitrogen. So far, preservation methods for sorted spermatozoa have differed only marginally from procedures used for unsorted semen. In the present study, a TRIS extender was modified to balance major cell damage caused by the sorting process and by liquid storage of the sorted spermatozoa. The new extender, containing a combination of antioxidants (AO) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), significantly increased the lifespan and fertilizing capacity of sex sorted spermatozoa. No significant differences were observed between unsorted controls and sorted samples for motility and status of sperm membranes as tested by fluorescein-isothiocyanat-peanut agglutinin/propidium iodide (FITC-PNA/PI). Acrosome integrity of spermatozoa was significantly better when semen was stored at 15 degrees C for 24 and 48 h in an extender containing AO with or without BSA as compared with controls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences, in pregnancy rates of heifers inseminated at a natural oestrus, between unsorted controls (16/24, 66.7%) and both sorted groups (AO + BSA: 18/31, 58.1% and AO-BSA: 12/22, 54.5%). Additionally, it was shown for the first time that artificial insemination (AI) with liquid sexed bull spermatozoa stored for 72 h after sorting can result in pregnancy rates similar to AI with non-sorted semen.

Acrosome↗