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PubMed1975

Handedness and controlled movement.

Subjects classified according to degree of hand perference were tested with both hands on two tasks of controlled movement. Strongly lateralized subjects (both left- and right-handers) showed greater skill with their better hand than ambilaterals on a visually controlled aiming test (faster speed and equal errors), but there was no marked differences between groups with the other hand. Between-hand differences were also greater in lateralized subjects. On a ballistic rhythmical tapping test, no marked differences in speed were found, but ambilaterals made slightly fewer errors with the better hand. It is argued (i) that for ballistic movements the hands are equipotential, and skill is a direct function of practice, (ii) that the essential dexterity difference between the preferred and non-preferred hands is in the sensory or feedback control of movements rather than in motor function per se, and (iii) ambilaterals, especially those with very mixed preferences, have virtually two non-preferred hands in continuously controlled movement tasks, and may therefore reply on ballistic movements more than do pronounced sinistrals and dextrals.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Predicting reading ability from handedness measures.

Word reading, hand skill on a peg-moving task and hand preference were measured in 203 children aged from 11-13 years. Differences in skill between the hands were largely attributable to variations in left-hand skill, consistent with the view that manual and cerebral asymmetry are due to the loss (pruning) of cells in the right hemisphere during development-a mechanism that may be dependent on the "right shift' (rs+) gene postulated by Annett (1985). There was only weak evidence for the curvilinear relation between differential hand skill and reading predicted by Annett's (1985) theory of balanced polymorphism, which postulates a heterozygotic advantage. Reading was better predicted by absolute measures of hand skill than by the difference between the hands, especially among boys. For the boys, word reading was predicted significantly from right-hand skill, while for girls left-hand skill predicted slightly more strongly than right-hand skill. This may be related to differential growth gradients in the two hemispheres, and different environmental influences for boys and girls during a period of right hemispheric growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Studies of squeezing: handedness, responding hand, response force, and asymmetry of readiness potential.

Eleven subjects squeezed an electronic dynamometer, at each of three force levels, with both their right and left hands. In right-handed subjects the premovement "readiness" potentials were larger over the hemisphere contralateral to the responding hand. Left-handed subjects show contralateral dominance when responding with the right hand but not when responding with the left hand. The data suggest that in the potentials studied there is a component associated with the preparation to perform a specific movement, rather than with generalized preparatory processes.

Action Potentials↗