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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Molecular genetics alterations and tumor behavior of sporadic vestibular schwannoma from the People's Republic of China.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the molecular genetic alteration of sporadic vestibular schwannomas from the People's Republic of China and to correlate these alterations with the tumor behaviors. METHODS: Four highly polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers were used to observe the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chromosome 22. The NF2 gene mutations were detected by Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing. The schwannomin/merlin (S/M) expression was examined using anti-NF2 (A-19) IgG under immunohistochemistry and western blot. The proliferative index (LI) of vestibular schwannoma was evaluated by proliferative cell nuclear antigen investigation. RESULTS: Sixteen vestibular schwannomas (44.4%) showed allele loss. We found 22 mutations in 36 schwannomas. The LI and the growth rate of schwannomas with LOH or mutation were significantly higher than those without LOH or mutation. All of these vestibular schwannomas showed no immunoreaction to anti-NF2(A-19) IgG by immunohistochemistry. By immunoblotting technique, reduced expression of S/M was found in 31 cases (86%). The growth index of schwannomas with severely reduced expression of S/M was significantly higher than those with moderately reduced or normal expression. CONCLUSION: The molecular genetic changes in sporadic vestibular schwannomas from Chinese patients were similar to the previous reports. We demonstrate the relationship between tumor behaviors and genetic alteration (including LOH and mutation of NF2 gene). We propose that inactivation of S/M, may be an important step in tumorigenesis of sporadic vestibular schwannoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Genetic and environmental factors in normal and deviant dietary behavior of the child].

The alimentary behaviors of the child are approached from a developmental point of view, the genesis and the evolution of normal behavior allowing us to better understand the origin, the causality and the signification of pathological behaviors. In this perspective the study, in particular, of the evolution of the taste sensation and its ties with the development of personality permits better to understand the problem. Taking in account actually directions of research and some original works, several directions of study are presented, connected with the following aspects: topological and functional evolution of taste receptors, developmental evolution and individual differentiation of the gustatory sensation, hereditary determinants of gustatory sensation and their possible relations with other aspects of personnality, ethological, cultural and environmental (both, in the large and restrictive meaning) aspects and their place in reinforcements of alimentary behavior. A line of research, which overgoes the only descriptive point of view and has an explanatory aim, is proposed, inserted in a real context.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Physiological bases of genetic differences in cannibalism behavior of the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum.

Physiological causes of genetic differences in cannibalism were examined to gain a better understanding of constraints on behavior evolution. Cannibalism has complex population level consequences in Tribolium confusum, including dramatic effects on population size. Laboratory strains with low and high cannibalism rates, obtained through inbreeding, have maintained distinct levels of cannibalism for over two decades even in the absence of artificial selection to maintain the differences. Why strains differ in their cannibalism rates was examined by measuring: (1) the nutritional benefit from cannibalism in both nutritionally good and poor environments, and (2) the possibility that eggs are an important source of water. How strains achieve differences in cannibalism was examined by testing for differences between strains in their ability to find eggs and in their tendency to eat eggs. Beetles from both strains survive equally well in a nutritionally good environment, but they accomplish this in different ways. The low cannibalism strain has high survivorship with and without cannibalism. The high cannibalism strain has low survivorship when not fed eggs and survivorship equivalent to the low cannibalism strain when fed eggs, suggesting it compensates for poor nutritional adaptation by eating eggs. The strains also differ in feeding behavior; beetles from the high cannibalism strain have a higher appetite for eggs. Beetles from the two strains did not differ in locomotor activity, search efficiency, or need for water. The observed behavioral and nutritional differences may contribute to the maintenance of different levels of cannibalism.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of genetic factors influencing duration of copulation in "eastern" and "western" Drosophila athabasca.

Observations of mating behaviour were made on "eastern" and "western" Drosophila athabasca and on flies of mixed genetic background. Duration of copulation in mixed combinations of D. athabasca is determined by the male. In F1 males the source of X-chromosome, whether eastern or western, partly determined suration of copulation. However, durations of copulation of backcross males suggest autosomal influence, in that males derived from an eastern backcross demonstrate significantly shorter durations than males derived from a western backcross. In addition, durations of copulation from F2 combinations exhibit greater variance than the F1 and thereby represent evidence of F2 segregation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Genetic differences in avoidance behavior: cardiovascular activity, pain sensitivity and stress-induced analgesia.

Four experiments are reported which examine cardiovascular activity, pain sensitivity and stress-induced analgesia in rats selectively bred for differences in shuttlebox avoidance behavior. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicate that the two genetic lines differ in basal pain sensitivity, as measured by the hot-plate test. This difference in pain sensitivity appears not to be mediated by endogenous opioids, because it was not altered by pretreatment with a large dose of naloxone. In Experiments 1, 3 and 4 tail-flick tests of basal pain sensitivity failed to reveal line differences. Basal and stress levels of cardiovascular activity also showed no differences between the lines. In Experiment 3, LA but not HA animals showed profound stress-induced analgesia which was not blocked by a large dose of naltrexone. In Experiment 4, both LA and HA animals showed stress-induced analgesia, perhaps because the procedure of this experiment permitted conditioning mechanisms to contribute to the analgesia. Differential genetic selection for avoidance behavior also selected for differential pain sensitivity and some forms of non-opioid stress-induced analgesia but without concomitant selection for differential cardiovascular activity.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1991

Mutational analysis of the Drosophila miniature-dusky (m-dy) locus: effects on cell size and circadian rhythms.

A mutational analysis has been performed to explore the function of the Drosophila melanogaster miniature-dusky (m-dy) locus. Mutations at this locus affect wing development, fertility and behavior. The genetic characterization of 13 different mutations suggests that m and dy variants are alleles of a single complex gene. All of these mutations alter wing size, apparently by reducing the volume of individual epidermal cells of the developing wing. In m mutants, epidermal cell boundaries persist in the mature wing, whereas they normally degenerate 1-2 hr after eclosion in wild-type or dy flies. This has permitted the direct visualization of cell size differences among several m mutants. Mutations at the m-dy locus also affect behavioral processes. Three out of nine dy alleles (dyn1, dyn3 and dyn4) lengthen the circadian period of the activity and eclosion rhythms by approximately 1.5 hr. In contrast, m mutants have normal circadian periods, but an abnormally large percentage of individuals express aperiodic bouts of activity. These behavior genetic studies also indicate that an existing "rhythm" mutation known as Andante is an allele of the m-dy locus. The differential effects of certain m-dy mutations on wing and behavioral phenotypes suggest that separable domains of function exist within this locus.

Alleles↗
PubMed1981

Behavioral responses to novelty in mice: a reanalysis.

A recently proposed searching procedure for scale transformations and models was applied to previously obtained data on rearing responses and locomotor activity in mice from two inbred selection lines (SRH and SRL) and four hybrid generations. Logarithmic transformation provided the most appropriate scale of measurement for both behaviors. For rearing, the simple additive model was adequate, thus validating the earlier findings. However, contrary to the previous conclusions, an additivity-dominance model fitted the locomotion data best. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the procedure described.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Genetic control of chromosomal behavior during meiosis].

A review concerned with the problem of genetic control of chromosome behaviour in meiosis. Descriptions are given for mutations switching off the process of meiosis as a whole, mutations switching off only the II meiotic division, and mutations blocking individual phenomena, such as pairing of homologous chromosomes, crossing-over, segregation of chromosomes and cytokinesis. Mechanisms of the action of different genes affecting the same process may be quite different. Natural variations of meiosis in heteromorphic sexes, parthenogenetic animal species and apomictic plant species are considered from the viewpoint of blocking individual steps of meiosis. Some problems of general genetics are discussed for which meiotic mutations might be of great value.

Animals↗