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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Survey of keratinophilic fungi from soils and mating behaviour of Microsporum canis from human ringworm cases in Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan].

From 383 (38.3%) of a total 1000 of soil samples, collected from Hokkaido prefecture, keratinophilic fungi have been isolated using hair baiting technique. The fungi isolated were as follows: 318 strains of Trichophyton ajelloi (including 90 strains of Arthroderma uncinatum), 59 of Microsporum cookei (including 13 of Nannizzia cajetani), 32 of Chrysosporium keratinophilum, 23 of C. tropicum, 15 of Chrysosporium anamorph of A. tuberculatum, 6 of T. terrestre (including 3 of A. insingulare and one of A. quadrifidum), 4 of Chrysosporium sp., 2 of M. canis (including one of N. otae), one of M. gypseum, and one of Ctenomyces serratus. This is the first isolation of N. otae from soil. Because of the successful isolation of N. otae (and its anamorph) from soil sample, (+) strain of M. canis was suggested to be popular in Hokkaido prefecture. The prevalence of (+) strain of M. canis was investigated using 279 isolates obtained from human ringworm cases. Among the 279 isolates, 257 were (-) mating type, 8 were (+) and 14 were nonreactive. Results of the present study indicate that the distribution of keratinophilic fungi from soils in Hokkaido prefecture is markedly different from that in the southern parts of Japan. The unexpected isolation of N. otae and its anamorph from soil samples as well as the significant population of N. otae(+) strain from human ringworms suggest the peculiar distribution pattern of N. otae (+) in Hokkaido prefecture.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Comparative study of the growth inhibition of vegetative hyphae of some dermatophytes and keratinophilic fungi on glucose-peptone-agar with griseofulvin.

By the method of Jesenská and Danilla [29] the growth inhibition of vegetative hyphae of colonies of 12 species of dermatophytes and keratinophilic fungi on the surface of glucose-peptone-agar with incorporated griseofulvin has been established. It could be concluded that the sensitivity of hyphae to griseofulvin is neither connected with the taxonomic position and ecological classification of these microscopic fungi, nor with their ability to survive in the soil, or with their pathogenity etc. - In Trichophyton rubrum some hyphae were found which were extremely resistant to griseofulvin. - The extablished values allow to make an objective comparison of the sensitivity level of vegetative hyphae of dermatophytes and keratinophilic fungi to griseofulvin in further geographical regions, at different times and in different laboratories. - In the discussion further possibilities in this direction are developed.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed1979

[Dermatoses provoked by opportunistic fungi].

In my exposé I confined myself to the moulds. Generally speaking, there are two groups of fungi. One group that often provokes diseases in otherwise normal subjects (fungi of parasitic-pathogenic character) and a second group that causes diseases in cases of lowered immunobiological resistance (fungi of saprophytic-opportunistic character). Though the biological conditions of the host are important, they are by no means the only prerequisites for the development of a mycosis. Just as important are the enzymatic qualities of the fungus. Ubiquitous moulds can become opportunists and provoke dermatoses under two conditions: (1) The fungus must possess keratolytic capabilities (2) its penetration and growth must be preceded by a lesion due to trauma, or bacterial or viral infection.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed1979

[Relations between the fungi Gaeumannomyces graminis and Phialophora radicicola when growing together outside the host (author's transl)].

In laboratory model experiments, numerous hyphal adhesions were found to take place between a severe wheat pathogen, G. graminis var. tritici, and a weak wheat pathogen, P. radicicola var, radicicola, and therefore the linear growth of the both fungi is inhibited. When both fungi occur concurrently side by side on celophane, the hyphae of one fungus do not occupy the place colonized before by the other fungus, due to mutual contact. It can be presumed that also direct interaction between hyphae of both fungi participates in cross protection mechanism of the take-all fungus G. graminis with P. radicicola.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by fungi].

The predisposing factors of funguria and the clinical efficacy of treatment with ketoconazole, a new oral imidazole antifungal drug were studied in 10 patients with complicated urinary tract infection due to fungi. Preceding antibiotic therapy, presence of indwelling catheter and malignant tumor were regarded as the important factors that predisposed to the fungal urinary tract infections. Patients received 200 mg of ketoconazole once a day for 5 to 14 days. Of the 9 patients in whom clinical efficacy of ketoconazole was evaluated, excellent response was obtained in 4 patients, moderate in 2 and poor in 3 patients. Of the 9 strains of fungi isolated before treatment, 6 strains or 67% were eradicated after treatment. Neither subjective nor objective side effects were observed in any of 10 patients receiving ketoconazole, and laboratory tests showed elevated BUN and serum creatinine in 1 patient. From the results obtained in this study, ketoconazole was regarded as useful in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection due to fungi.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Carotenoid content and the photoresistence of the energy metabolism system in fungi].

The protective role of carotenoids upon the action of light with regard to energy metabolism was studied in fungi. The energy effectiveness of the interaction between fungi and the environment was found to be more photoresistant in pigmented species than in pigmentless forms. The content of ATP and the values of the respiratory quotient were more stable in this case. Apparently, carotenoids participate in the regulation of fungi respiration in the conditions of illumination with short-wavelength visible light.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1981

In vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation with low dalton compounds from aqueous dialysates of edible fungi.

Low dalton compounds from aqueous dialysates of several edible fungi have demonstrated inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro. The species of fungi included Auricularia polytricha (black tree fungus), Cortinellus shiitake (shiitake mushroom), Agaricus biporus, and Auriculariaceae sp. (white tree fungus). The most active inhibitors as determined by 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) were demonstrated in the dialysates of the black tree fungus (10 mg/ml) and shiitake mushroom (80 ug/ml). Agaricus biporus and the white tree fungus dialysates gave IC50 of 3300 and 2750 mg/ml, respectively. Preliminary examinations suggest that, in part, the inhibitory factor(s) may be nucleosides or nucleotides and other as yet unidentified low dalton compounds. Further studies of the chemical nature of these inhibitory compounds are suggested since these fungi are consumed in quantities in some countries.

Agaricales↗
PubMed1980

Observations on the chemical compositions of some pathogenic fungi for humans determined by X-ray microanalysis.

The electron microprobe analyzer was used to study the chemical compositions of some pathogenic fungi for humans. Elementary analysis was based on the characteristic X-ray spectra generated by the electrons passing through the specimens. This is a non-destructive method allowing to perform multiple elementary analysis in the same tissue. In order to increase our understanding of pathogenic fungi, small pieces of fungi tissue were analyzed. The species examined were Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Fonsecaea pedrosoi.

Ascomycota↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chitin of mycelial fungi of the genus Penicillium].

The effect of the nutrient medium and cultivation conditions on the chitin content in cell walls of mycelial fungi of the Penicillium genus was studied. The chitin accumulation was influenced by the composition and quantity of carbon and nitrogen sources, acidity of the medium, aeration rate and age of the culture. The highest content of chitin in the strains studied was no more than 4--5%. The paper discusses the potential use of the fungi P. digitatum 24 P, P. notatum 1 f, P. terikowskii and P. claviforme as protein producers. It describes the procedure for measuring chitin in cell walls of mycelial fungi.

Chitin↗
PubMed1981

[Distribution, species composition and toxicological characteristics of Fusarium fungi isolated from corn].

Studied were the occurrence and species composition of microscopic fungi of the Fusarium genus in maize, and the results are given of testing the toxicity of these fungi for chick embryos. A total of 357 strains of Fusarium fungi were isolated from 800 maize samples. Thirty-nine per cent of the sampled material accounted for the presence of F. moniliforme, 4,5--per cent--for that of F. graminearum, and 0.5 per cent--for that of F. culmorum. Most toxic for chick embryos proved F. graminearum. Less toxic was F. moniliforme, and least toxic--F. culmorum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selenium effect on the growth of carcinogenic fungi and cytotoxic action of aflatoxin B1 on lymphocyte culture and on embryonal development of Xenopus laevis.

The authors report the results of investigations on the protective effect of selenium against teratogenic and cytotoxic action of aflatoxin B1 and the inhibitory action of this element on the growth of fungi producing carcinogenic aflatoxins. Sodium selenate inhibited the growth of cultures of such fungi belonging to the class Fungi imperfecti as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium meleagrinum and Penicillium rougolosum. Added to cell cultures of lymphocytes sodium selenate inhibited the cytotoxic action of aflatoxin B1 evidenced by inhibition of PHA-stimulated blastic transformation of these cells and reduction in the number of mitoses. Sodium selenate added to the medium in the culture of Xenopus laevis larvae poisoned with aflatoxin B1 reduced significantly the early mortality of embryos and counteracted the teratogenic action of aflatoxin B1. This action was observed, however, only in early phase of morulation. The authors discuss the importance of their observations for the studies on the role of bioelements deficiency in the environment for induction of malignant transformation.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1998

Ocular infections with dematiaceous fungi in two cats and a dog.

Pigmented fungi were identified in ocular tissues from 2 cats and 1 dog. The first cat was euthanatized because of acute anterior uveitis that was unresponsive to treatment. On histologic examination, intraocular structures had been obliterated and replaced by a gray coagulum of inflammatory infiltrates and fungal elements. The second cat was treated for unilateral glaucoma that was unresponsive to treatment. A large retrobulbar mass, discovered and removed during an enucleation procedure, contained plant-origin foreign material. Keratitis, episcleritis, and orbital cellulitis with fungal elements were found on examination of the enucleated globe. The dog, examined because of a presumed corneal scratch of 2 weeks' duration that was unresponsive to treatment, had a corneal lesion subsequently removed by lamellar keratectomy that contained fungi on histologic examination. Infections caused by dematiaceous fungi are not common in domestic animals, and, to our knowledge, such infections in the eye have not been described.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Zoophilic and geophilic fungi as a cause of skin disease in farmers.

The impact of microscopic fungi on the farmers' health seems to be underestimated. In the present article an overview of fungi as pathogens is presented with reference to occupational hygiene in agriculture and related areas. The infection may be transmitted from infected humans, animals, plants or soil. To date, little epidemiological data on fungal skin disease in farmers is available. Epidemiological studies from Poland suggest that mycoses are the most prevalent skin diseases in farmers, and may be present even in over 20% of the population. Working conditions on farms greatly enhance the development of fungal infections. Farmers spend most of their working time in humid conditions, wearing rubber boots for long hours, etc. Another professional groups at higher risk for developing a fungal disease are animal feeders, foresters, grave-diggers and veterinarians as well as employees working in the food industry. Besides infection, fungi may also cause non-invasive forms of skin disease, as dermato-mycotoxicosis professionalis or alternariosis. Criteria for classifying a case of mycosis as occupational disease are also discussed.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Saprophytic fungi isolated from animal and bird pens in Egypt.

Forty-four samples collected from animal and bird pens were screened for their content of saprophytic fungi by using the dilution plate method. 76 species in addition to one variety of Aspergillus flavus belonging to 33 genera were recovered on three types of media: 20 genera and 49 species on Littman-oxgall agar, 19 genera and 41 species on cellulose- and 19 genera and 43 species on glucose-Czapek's agar. The most frequent genera were Aspergillus (21 species), Scopulariopsis (4 species) and Penicillium (10 species). Among the isolated fungi A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. niger, A. sydowi, A. nidulans, S. brevicaulis, S. brumptii, P. chrysogenum and P. funiculosum were the most common species.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Isolation of keratinophilic fungi from floor dust in Arab elementary and preparatory schools in the West Bank of Jordan.

Floor dust collected from classrooms of thirty three elementary schools (16 for girls, and 17 for boys) (children aged 6-11), and twenty four preparatory schools (13 for girls, and 11 for boys) (children aged 12-14) was studied for the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi with respect to human presence and age of children. Tichophyton mentagrophytes was present in 15.4% of the preparatory schools for girls, in 12.5% of elementary schools for girls, and in 11.8% of elementary schools for boys. It was not found in preparatory schools for boys. Microsporum gypseum was found in preparatory schools for girls only (7.7%). Trichophyton terrestre was also only isolated from elementary schools for boys (5.9%). Chrysosporium species were present in 30.3% of all elementary schools (10 schools/33), and in 20.8% of all preparatory schools (5 schools/24). Geotrichum candidum was the most frequent and predominant keratinophilic species in all schools. Pathogenic and potentially pathogenic keratinophilic fungi comprised a large proportion of all fungal isolates recovered from all schools; they comprised 87.2%-89.5% of all fungal isolates in the elementary schools, and 90.4%-93.5% of all fungal isolates in preparatory schools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Keratinophilic fungi isolated from Antarctic soil.

In the present study, 10 soil samples were collected aseptically from an equal number of areas of the Antarctic in the zone occupied by the 1986-1987 Italian expedition for research on keratinophilic fungi. Of particular interest was the isolation of a pathogenic fungus, Microsporum gypseum, from two sites in the base camp occupied by men and by skuas. Trichophyton terrestre was isolated from a site in which people worked and through which penguins and skuas passed. The most widespread fungal species were members of the genus Chrysosporium. Some of these species were isolated but not identified and this part of the study was still be completed. Another significant finding was the absence of fungi in one sample, while in another the widespread and abundant growth in all the seeded dishes of a single species of Chrysosporium. Other species in genera of general diffusion in many environments were also isolated: Aspergillus spp., Malbranchea sp., Mycelia sterilia spp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium spp. and Scopulariopsis spp.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cell wall degradation in the autolysis of filamentous fungi.

A systematic study on autolysis of the cell walls of fungi has been made on Neurospora crassa, Botrytis cinerea, Polystictus versicolor, Aspergillus nidulans, Schizophyllum commune, Aspergillus niger, and Mucor mucedo. During autolysis each fungus produces the necessary lytic enzymes for its autodegradation. From autolyzed cultures of each fungus enzymatic precipitates were obtained. The degree of lysis of the cell walls, obtained from non-autolyzed mycelia, was studied by incubating these cell walls with and without a supply of their own lytic enzymes. The degree of lysis increased with the incubation time and generally was higher with a supply of lytic enzymes. Cell walls from mycelia of different ages were obtained. A higher degree of lysis was always found, in young cell walls than in older cell walls, when exogenous lytic enzymes were present. In all the fungi studied, there is lysis of the cell walls during autolysis. This is confirmed by the change of the cell wall structure as well as by the degree of lysis reached by the cell wall and the release of substances, principally glucose and N-acetylglucosamine in the medium.

Aspergillus nidulans↗
PubMed1982

Keratinolytic fungi in Egyptian soils.

The frequency of occurrence of keratinolytic fungi in seventy soil samples collected from different sites in Upper Egypt and in the coastal area of the Mediterranean and baited with human and animal hair and pigeon feathers was determined. Twenty-one species in addition to an unidentified species, which belong to sixteen genera were collected. Chrysosporium indicum, B. tropicum, C. keratinophilum and Microsporum gypseum were the most frequent fungal species recovered from baited soils. The eight soil samples collected from the salt marshes of the coastal Mediterranean area were completely free from any keratinolytic fungi, whereas the sixty-two soil samples collected from cultivated soils contributed a species ranging from one to four species.

Animals↗